ABSTRACT

PAPER PRESENTATION ON
“The NanoRobots”

Presented By:

[Link] & [Link]

VII SEM, CSE. VII SEM, CSE.
[52107104067] [52107104043]

PALLAVAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

KANCHIPURAM DISTRICT
THIMMASAMUDRAM
 ABSTRACT given speed.

FEATURES:
DEFINTION & INTRODUCTION : Nanomedicine- Nanomedicine is the
- A nanorobot is a tiny machine designed medical application of nanotechnology and
to perform a specific task or tasks related research- It covers areas such as
repeatedly and with precision at nanoscale nanoparticle drug delivery and possible future
applications of molecular nanotechnology
dimensions, that is, dimensions of a few
(MNT) and nanovaccinology.
nanometers (nm) or less, where 1 nm = 10-9
Nanoparticle — A nanoparticle (or
meter. Nanorobots have potential
applications in the assembly and nanopowder or nanocluster or nanocrystal)
maintenance of sophisticated systems. is a microscopic particle with at least one
Nanorobots might function at the atomic or dimension less than 100 nm. Nanoparticle
molecular level to build devices, machines,
or circuits, a process known as molecular
manufacturing. Nanorobots might also
produce copies of themselves to replace
worn-out units, a process called self-
replication. LIST OF MEDICAL TOPICS
Nanorobots are of special interest to Heat shock protein — Heat shock
researchers in the medical industry. This proteins (HSP) are a group of proteins the
has given rise to the field of nanomedicine. expression of
It has been suggested that a fleet of which is increased when the cells are
nanorobots might serve as antibodies or
exposed to elevated.
antiviral agents in patients with
compromised immune systems, or in Ingredient in Big Macs, Sodas Stabilizes
diseases that do not respond to more Gold Nanoparticles for Medical Use The
conventional measures. There are potential of gold nanoparticles to detect
numerous other potential medical and treat cancer has been hindered by the
applications, including repair of damaged difficulty of making them in a stable,
tissue, unblocking of arteries affected by nontoxic form that can be injected into a
plaques, and perhaps the construction of
patient.
complete replacement body organs.
A major advantage of nanorobots is Nanomedicine System Engineered To
thought to be their durability. In theory, Enhance Therapeutic Effects Of
they can remain operational for years, Injectable Drugs ( A proof-of-concept
decades, or centuries. Nanoscale systems study on a new multistage delivery system
can also operate much faster than their for imaging and therapeutic applications
larger counterparts because displacements has been proposed in Nature
are smaller; this allows mechanical and
Nanotechnology.
electrical events to occur in less time at a
Toward Development Of An 'Eggshell-
and-yolk' Anticancer Nanomedicine
Scientists in Hong Kong are reporting
synthesis and early laboratory tests of a
new nanostructure that they believe may
lead to the design of an anticancer Nanorobots may treat conditions like arteriosclerosis by physically chipping away the plaque along artery walls.

nanomedicine • clots: Blood clots can cause

Breaking up blood

complications ranging from muscle

Little Answers To World's Biggest
death to a stroke. Nanorobots could
Problems: Top 10 Nanotech travel to a clot and break it up. This
Applications To Aid Poor application is one of the most
Nanotechnology could be harnessed to dangerous uses for nanorobots -- the
address some of the world's most critical robot must be able to remove the
development blockage without losing small pieces
Is Nanotechnology Safe? Interactions in the bloodstream, which could then
travel elsewhere in the body and cause
Between Nanomaterials And Biological
more problems. The robot must also be
Systems Explored Tremendous growth in small enough so that it doesn't block
the development of nanomaterials with the flow of blood itself.
enhanced performance characteristics • Fighting cancer: Doctors hope to use
which are being used for commercial and nanorobots to treat cancer patients. The
medical applications prompts researchers robots could either attack tumors
to take a proactive. directly using lasers, microwaves or
ultrasonic signals or they could be part
of a chemotherapy treatment,
APPLICATIONS & ADVANTAGES
delivering medication directly to the
OF THE NANO ROBOTS
cancer site. Doctors believe that by
The Nano Technology Nano Robots have
delivering small but precise doses of
so many feature thsimilarly there is also a
medication to the patient, side effects
possibility of risks & dangerous or
will be minimized without a loss in the
disadvantages may also be their. But
medication's effectiveness.
according to the inventions that now are
• Helping the body clot: One particular
going on, the advantages from these nano
kind of nanorobot is the clottocyte, or
robots are very-very high as compare to
artificial platelet. The clottocyte carries
that of disadvantages.
a small mesh net that dissolves into a
sticky membrane upon contact with
IN MEDICAL FIELD:
blood plasma. According to Robert A.
• Treating arteriosclerosis: Freitas, Jr., the man who designed the
Arteriosclerosis refers to a condition clottocyte, clotting could be up to
where plaque builds along the walls of 1,000 times faster than the body's
arteries. Nanorobots could conceivably natural clotting mechanism [source:
treat the condition by cutting away the Freitas]. Doctors could use clottocytes
plaque, which would then enter the to treat hemophiliacs or patients with
bloodstream. serious open wounds.
• Parasite Removal: Nanorobots could
wage micro-war on bacteria and small
parasitic organisms inside a patient. It
 might take several nanorobots working the joints, providing relief from the
together to destroy all the parasites. symptoms, though it wouldn't be able
• Gout: Gout is a condition where the to reverse the condition permanently.
kidneys lose the ability to remove • Breaking up kidney stones: Kidney
waste from the breakdown of fats from stones can be intensely painful -- the
the bloodstream. This waste sometimes larger the stone the more difficult it is
crystallizes at points near joints like to pass. Doctors break up large kidney
the knees and ankles. People who stones using ultrasonic frequencies, but
suffer from gout experience intense it's not always effective. A nanorobot
pain at these joints. A nanorobot could could break up a kidney stones using a
break up the crystalline structures at small laser.

• Cleaning wounds: Nanorobots battery life. Nanopolymers provide

could help remove debris from high-performance insulation for
wounds, decreasing the likelihood energy transmission lines and
decrease energy loss across long
of infection. They would be
distances.
particularly useful in cases of IN SPORTS:
puncture wounds, where it might Nanotechnology is already being
be difficult to treat using more used for several sports and
conventional methods. recreation related applications. For
example, nanotech tennis rackets
and golf clubs are lighter, stronger,
OTHER FIELD: and can be engineered to provide
more motion control. Nanotech
IN ELECTRONICS: coatings on swim suits repel water,
Not only these types of nanorobots reduce friction with the water, and
are useful in the Biotechnology, but allow swimmers to go faster.
also they can be used in many fields IN TELECOMMUNICATION:
such as in electronics fields also (In In the telecommunications industry,
nano circuits) etc., Nanotechnology nanotechnology will play an
has numerous energy-related important role in the coming years
applications. particularly with respect to fiber
optics. Nanocrystalline materials
Nanophotonics can be made with finer resolution
is the application of nanotechnology than standard fibers for enhanced
to the optic cables, switches, lenses and
transformation of electricity to light junctions. In telecommunications
or light to electricity more generally, the fields of
. In this area, nanocrystals or nanotechnology and holotechnology
nanophosphores can make this will overlap in the design of the
transformation with greater projection screens and user
efficiency than traditional interfaces
incandescent lighting or solar IN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL
panels. Using nanoceramic material FIELD:
as the covering for batteries absorbs Many human illnesses and injuries
electromagnetic waves and prolongs
have their origins in nanoscale for load-bearing bone replacement.
processes. Accordingly, application However, artificial bone paste made
of nanotechnology to the practice of with nanoceramic particles shows
medicine and biomedical research considerable promise for bone repair
opens up new opportunities to treat and replacement, even in load-
illnesses, repair injuries, and bearing applications. In addition
enhance human functioning beyond to delivering pharmaceuticals as
what is possible with macroscale discussed above, nanotech medical
techniques. At the nanoscale level, robots ("nanomedibots") may be
the distinctions between mechanical able to: monitor body function;
and biological processes blur. repair damaged tissue at the
Nanoparticles can attach to certain molecular level; deconstruct
cells or tissues and provide medical pathologic or abnormal material or
images of their location and cells such as cancer or plaque; and
structure. Hollow nanocapsules enhance human health and
with pharmaceutical contents can functioning. Although nanomedibots
attach to cancer cells and release have not been developed, there are
their payloads into them on going advances in nanofluidics
maximizing targeted delivery and and carbon nanotube flow sensors
minimizing systemic side effects. that may become their building
Nanomedibots may repair vital blocks. As nanotechnology and
tissue damaged by injury or disease, biotechnology advance,
or destroy cancerous tissue that has nanomedibots and engineered
gone away, without invasive beneficial microorganisms may be
surgery. Nanopharmacology is the integrated.
application of nanotechnology to the
discovery of new molecular entities Applications of these sensors are
with pharmacological properties. seemingly without end. Every aspect
Nanotechnology is also useful for of life one examines opens up new
individualized matching of avenues for smartdust. Smartdust (A
pharmaceuticals to particular people group of very small robots) may
to maximize effectiveness and eventually be used to monitor traffic
minimize side effects. It is also used and better direct it, to accompany
for delivery of pharmaceuticals to soldiers and alert them to any
targeted locations or specific types poisons or dangerous biological
of tissue in the body. There are substances in the air, to follow
promising applications of people around and track their
nanotechnology in the field of activities, to track defects in
orthopedics. Grafts of natural bone products as they come off of an
can carry disease or trigger immune assembly line, and even to enter
rejection by the host. If one human bodies and check for
sterilizes the bone to reduce the physiological problems.
chances of disease, then this can
weaken the bone. Artificial bone Nanotechnology is a branch of
cement without nanotechnology can science that deals with particles 1-
work for small applications, but 100 nanometers in size. Experts
tends to not have sufficient strength believe possible dangers of
nanotechnology lie in how these tiny in the marine food chain.
particles might interact with the
environment, and more importantly, Other nanoparticles have also been
with the human body. shown to have adverse effects.
Research from University of
Billions of dollars are being spent California in San Diego in early
to incorporate nanoparticles into 2002 revealed cadmium selenide
products that are already being nanoparticles, also called quantum
marketed to the public; when this dots, can cause cadmium poisoning
investment is compared to the in humans. In 2004 British scientist
comparatively scant research into Vyvyan Howard published initial
nanotech health issues, some findings that indicated gold
scientists become concerned. nanoparticles might move through a
mother's placenta to the fetus; and as
Experts say the issue is that far back as 1997 scientists at Oxford
elements encountered at the discovered nanoparticles used in
nanoscale behave differently than sunscreen created free radicals that
their larger counterparts. As an damaged DNA.
example, graphite's properties are
well known and it holds specific Complicating the dangers of
position in toxicology guidelines. nanotechnology, size and shape of
nanoparticles affect the level of
Nobel winning physicist Richard toxicity, preempting the ease of
Smalley of Rice University uniform categories even when
discovered carbon nanotubes and considering a single element. In
fullerenes (buckyballs) - general, experts report smaller
nanoparticles of carbon - which are particles are more bioactive and
legally categorized as graphite, yet toxic. Their ability to interact with
they behave in ways unlike graphite other living systems increases
making the classification a because they can easily cross the
potentially dangerous one. skin, lung, and in some cases the
blood/brain barriers. Once inside the
In March 2004 tests conducted by body, there may be further
environmental toxicologist Eva biochemical reactions like the
OberdÃrster, Ph.D., with Southern creation of free radicals that damage
Methodist University in Texas found cells. While the body has built-in
extensive brain damage to fish defenses for natural particles it
exposed to fullerenes for a period of encounters, the danger of
just 48 hours at a relatively moderate nanotechnology is that it is
dose of 0.5 parts per million introducing entirely new type of
(commiserate with levels of other particles. So the body can take some
kinds of pollution found in bays). time to adjust with it. Highest at
The fish also exhibited changed gene risk are workers employed by
markers in their livers, indicating manufacturers producing products
their entire physiology was affected. that contain nanoparticles. The
In a concurrent test, the fullerenes National Institute for Occupational
killed water fleas, an important link Safety and Health (NIOSH) reports
over 2 million Americans are faster than the human brain, giving
exposed to high levels of machines a superior edge. As
nanoparticles and they believe this robotics and AI combine to relieve
figure will rise to 4 million in the humans of doing tasks that machines
near future. NIOSH publishes safety can do better, faster and cheaper,
guidelines and other information for some believe we may be paving the
those employed in the nanoindustry. way to our own destruction. Will
nations secretly create armies of AI-
enhanced, nano-augmented (think
ECONOMIC IMPACT: bionic
Another high concern among the ) supersoldiers to fight wars? Will
potential dangers of molecular politicians opt for AI-
nanotechnology is that many predict enhancements? Nano-augmentation?
MNT will arrive suddenly and in full Who will it be available to, and are
force. The sudden advent of we as a race headed towards total
nanofactories producing clean, dependency on machinery to the
cheap, durable, products would extent it becomes part of our
adversely impact most sectors in the biology? Will there be equity or will
job market. Skilled labor, factory a new class divide be created,
workers, and many lines of similar to that depicted in
distribution would no longer be Gattica
needed as corporations switched to ? If we do not embrace AI-
nanotechnology or folded. Stocks enhancement and nano-
would be critically affected and the augmentation will intelligent
likelihood of economic upheaval, machines ultimately decide we are
high. unnecessary?

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT POTENTIAL DANGERS:

AND EXISTENTIAL If potential benefits of molecular
DANGERS : nanotechnology (MNT) sound too
The use of nanofactories to make good to be true, there is one caveat -
countless cheap, durable products the
could lead to 'disposable thinking' potential dangers
where products are created en mass of molecular nanotechnology. When
and discarded in abundance, nanofactories can arrange atoms into
overwhelming recycling needs and structures - playing with the building
the environment. Poor nations might blocks of life itself, or in this case
use biomass (carbon-rich trees) as nanoblocks
fuel for nanofactories, leading to -- theoretically anything allowable
increased deforestation. by the laws of physics can be created
fast and cheap. Requirements
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE include a few square feet for the
(AI) AND ROBOTICS nanofactory, the software, and an
: One of the most controversial electrical outlet. Criminals,
dangers of molecular terrorists, disturbed individuals,
nanotechnology is that it will open governments, and antisocial groups
the door to computers that think of all stripes would be incredibly
empowered by such technology.
Additional potential dangers of
molecular nanotechnology threaten
the economy, environment, human
rights, and world peace. The rush to
gain supremacy through
nanoweaponry could lead to a new
arms race, while attempts to
stranglehold the technology would
likely result in independent, covert
development. Unilateral, "open-
source" international cooperation is
another option that runs its own
risks, and control in the public sector
could lead to inequitable benefits
and an Orwellian society.

CONCLUSION
From these types of inventions, it
will be useful for man to cure many
diseases & to lead a fantastic life.
But in these technologies there is a
possible danger also. However,
finally we wish all the scientists,
who are going to invent the
nanorobots. To invent this kind of
special featured nanorobots in the
safe kind which will be in the non
hazardous to the living kind.