CHAPTER IV
GENERAL SERVICE SYSTEM
4.1 BILGE SYSTEM
Ships within this system is one system used for the safety of the ship. This system has a main
function as a drain (drainage) when the leak occurred on the vessel caused by the grounding
(grounded) or Collision, the system must be able to move water quickly from the inside out boat. Thus
this will cause the pump capacity becomes larger as increasing the size of the room, while functioning
as a shelter next to the relatively small amount of water collected in Bilge well as. On the water the
ship can be derived from:
1. Sea water condensation on the plate.
2. Leakage at the connection plate as a result of the lack of good connections (since broken).
3. Leaks in the shaft tunnel.
Bilge system can divided to be 2 kinds, such as:
1. Bilge Clean System, a system used to address the particular vessel leakage and unloading space
for cargo ships, while on tankers used the wing tank.
2. Oily Bilge Water System, a system used to overcome leakage and drainage of cooling water in
the engine room, pump room deal with condensation in charge of oil leaks that arise when
unloading. The system is separate from the system used on the space fit for the type of fluid
being handled differently, the water mixed with oil.
Bilga system components consist of:
1. Well located on the edge of the plate and the rear section Bilge kompartment and the amount of
at least 2, each on the port side and starboard side. Well volume of 0.5 m3 with a maximum
depth of < 0.5 double bottom height (Hd /b).
2. The main pipe is used to serve and address the leaks in the engine room and pump room, so that
according to the classification of minimum diameter (dmin) are permitted is a function of the
size of the ship.
3. Branch pipes that are used to serve and address the special compartment, so that according to
the classification of the minimum allowable diameter is a function of the size of the
compartment.
While the configuration of the piping installation consists of Branch (a branch pipe to cope with a
Bilge well, with the valves open and close it manually) and Type O ring (one Bilge branch pipes
serving all well, with the opening and closing of valves assisted by pneumatic or hydraulic control). In
the design of the installation of branch pipes is planned to use the branch type, with ease of operation
and maintenance considerations. Gear type pumps used Pump with pressure (head) minimum fluid
capable of transferring at least until Overboard (O / B). In the design, systems and components bilga
planned to have the following specifications:
1. Bilge well
2. Main pipe and branch pipe
3. Pump
4. Over board
5. Separator
6. Sludge tank
Detail calculation can be seen on the Doc. No. 11 - 42 09 081 - BG for bilge system and No. 12 - 42
09 081 - BG for oily bilge system.
4.2 BALLAST SYSTEM
Is the system used to maintain balance (stability) in case the ship trim or list (roll), especially
during loading and unloading in port. To maintain the balance necessary to charge and discharge of
sea water in ballast tanks, so as to maintain the ship at the lowest possible center of gravity and
mepertahankan the ship's position is always in a condition even keel. Consideration to obtain the
lowest possible center of gravity located ballast tanks in double bottom. The process of ballast water
is divided into two ballasting (ballast water filling) and deballasting (ballast water discharge). The
working principle of this system is very simple, which is used as a transfer pump sea water from the
sea chest and transferred into the ballast tanks or ballast water emptied into the tank Overboard (O /
B). This system is complicated because the pumps are designed to function as a fluid machine can
channel seawater only in one direction only. So that the design of further related to public service on
the ship (General Service System) is done interconnection with other systems. Ballast system design
is closely related to the process of loading and unloading at the port, especially the time required for
unloading, and also directly affect the changes in ship displacement. the literature stated that the
overall weight of ballast water ranged from 10% - 20% of DWT ships. Constituent components of the
ballast system consists of:
1. Sea Chest, a hole in the hull serves as a central source of sea water for all needs including the
needs of ship ballast water, the number and height adjusted to the needs, the limited width of 1
(one) within the frame.
2. Main pipe and branch pipes, the place and out of ballast water ballast tanks, to design its
diameter can be determined from the ballast tank volume and the overall design of the charging
time is adjusted to the time of loading and unloading at the port.
3. Ballast tanks, ballast water is the place to which lies in the double bottom tanks and partly in
the tank niche. For tanks located on the double bottom was split into two parts, namely the Fore
Peak Tank 1 and Tank 2 Fore Peak.
4. The pump used is a type of centrifugal flow considerations take precedence over headnya.
5. Overboard, is a place used for the disposal of all the sea water that is clean, which is located
above the load waterline.
On this design, planned to have a ballast system and component specifications as follows;
1. Ballast tank
2. Sea chest
3. Main pipe and branch pipe
4. valve
5. pump
6. Overboard
Detail calculation can be seen on the Doc. No. 13 - 42 09 081 - BL.
4.3 FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
System is used to treat, prevent and stop the fire that occurred on the ship, overall and per
section. Fire became one of the important material consideration and can not be ruled out, because it
involves keselamatam crew, payload and continuity of the vessel itself. Although the fire on the ship
did not occur periodically, but all the components and specifications have been set properly in the
classification and the standard design of the ship. Fire is an event of fire as a result of the reaction
between the material, the heat source and sufficient oxygen. In general, compounds and elements are
expressed as the fire triangle, as follows: material, oxygen, heat sources. The only way to prevent fires
is by removing or separating any one of the three elements. This can be done by:
1. Lowering the temperature below the combustion temperature
2. Lower levels of oxygen
3. Distanced combustible material
Fires that may occur on the ship is classified into 3 (three) major sections and their mitigation, as
follows:
1. Material fires that occurred in the loading space (cargo tanks) can be quenched by using sea
water and foam.
2. Fires that occurred in the engine room, especially that caused by the oil can be extinguished
using foam.
3. Fires caused by electrical short circuit currents usually occur in the wheelhouse (wheel house)
and the engine control room, can be extinguished by using a portable extinguisher and CO2.
In general, minimal onboard fire extinguishing system must be composed of several systems that are
tailored to the type of fire that may occur.
4.3.1 Sea Water Fire Fighting System
A fire extinguishing system utilizing sea water as a medium reactor shutdown are taken
directly through the sea chest using a ballast pump and pump service as well as general fire a second
pump. Sea water is sprayed into a few points that may occur through the fire hydrant deck, either in
space or on deck loading accommodation at the constituent components of this system are as follows:
Sea chest, is the entry of sea water that serves as a supply of sea water used to extinguish the fire.
Provision, location, and number of sea chest with sub Section 3.2 to the ballast system.
Main pipe and branch pipe, which serves as a sea lane to extinguish the fire which is spread evenly
throughout the vessel.
Hydrant, a source distribution of sea water which is located on the deck playing around with a
distance of deck placement and unloading space not more than 20 feet from one hydrant to another
hydrant with consideration of the ease to be achieved by the crew.
Detail calculation can be seen on the 14 - 42 09 081 - FI