Shelley Chandler

Health 634
Liberty University
March 16, 2018
Ladies, Know Diabetes for No Diabetes
Health Prevention Program Outline
[Link]
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Problem Statement
Chronic diseases are a major factor of health care in the United States and are associated

with health damaging behaviors and aging. The most common chronic diseases: cancer,

hypertension, stroke, heart disease, pulmonary conditions, mental illness and diabetes is reported

to cause the US a $1.3 trillion economic burden 1. Diabetes, affects millions of Americans and

can be considered a precursor to other chronic diseases. Having diabetes means a higher rate of

developing heart disease, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol as high blood glucose damages

the blood vessels and nerves that control your heart and blood vessels 2. In 2015, 30.3 million

Americans (9.4 %) was reported to have diabetes and 84 million have pre-diabetes which if

untreated can lead to type 2 diabetes within five years3. Those with pre-diabetes can reduce their

risk of getting diabetes by making behavioral changes such as staying physically active and

eating a healthy balanced diet.

Of the millions of diabetics reported, more than 13 million of them are women. Diabetes

affects women differently than men due to dramatic changes in hormones over their lifetime4.

The target audience is women over 40 as aging particularly the menopause transition has an

impact in the differences4. When compared to men, women with diabetes have:

 A higher risk of heart disease

 Lower survival rates and poorer quality of life after a heart attack

 A higher risk for blindness and depression

Goals and Objectives

Increase awareness of the importance of knowing blood sugar levels.
Objective
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 In the first 90 days 100% of participants will have access to educational material on the

importance of knowing your risk of diabetes, additional resources for free and low-cost

health clinics, healthy food, and the importance of exercise

 In 24 months 60% of participants will have their blood sugar level tested at the YMCA

during the monthly health events

 By the end of the program, 40% will have seen their health provider and asked for their

A1c results

 By the end of the program 60% will actively participate in an exercise program

 By the end of the program 40% will incorporate principles of healthy eating

Sponsoring Agency
The YMCA is the sponsoring agency as they have a Christian foundation. Their mission is to

put Christian principles into practice through programs that build healthy spirit, mind, and body

for all 4. They currently have an existing diabetes prevention program and they will allow me to

supply additional education to the target audience.

Primary Target Audience

Women over 40 with prediabetes, diabetes, or a family history of diabetes who are interested in

making lifestyle changes and are within the Transtheoretical Stages of Behavior Change.

Participants will be English or Spanish speakers from a low to middle income demographic and

live within 20 miles of the facility. They must work well in a group setting with high or low

self-efficacy.

Secondary Target Audience

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Women over 18 with prediabetes, diabetes, or a family history of diabetes who are interested in

making lifestyle changes and are within the Transtheoretical Stages of Behavior Change.

Participants will be English or Spanish speakers from a low to middle income demographic and

live within 20 miles of the facility. They must work well in a group setting with high or low

self-efficacy.

Barriers and Benefits

Despite the initiative, there may still be barriers within the population which can include;

inadequate intervention of their health professional, low health literacy, self-management based

on health beliefs, prior misinformation, and financial resources 5. The major benefit of this

intervention is knowledge and having an opportunity to reverse an outcome and/or improve their

quality of life. The benefits by far outweigh most barriers as it will focus not only on how

diabetes may affect the target audience but also how it can affect their family’s lives. When an

individual’s support system observes increasing eye problems and non-healing wounds it can

cause stress and anger as they don’t know what the problem is or how to help 6.

Primary and Secondary Target Audience Key Strategies

This two-year strategy will focus on improving outcomes for women with diabetes and

prediabetes. With this intervention, women will be motivated to plan with their health provider

to:

 Know their blood sugar levels

 Know their risk for diabetes

 Know their BMI and a healthy weight range

 Eat healthy foods

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 Exercise at least 150 minutes per week

Key Characteristics

The position of the program will depict an image empowering and educating women with the

distinctive feature of offering 25% of the 24 classes conducted via Skype or teleconferencing

system for extenuating circumstances. Every session will start with a participant mixer and

healthy snack

Pretest Strategy

The message and materials will be pretested on a sample group of intended-audience members.

A questionnaire will be given for feedback and adjustments will be made based on their

responses. The pretest will be a part of the formative evaluation.

Link to models and theories

The health belief model will be used for this intervention as it focuses on beliefs that will either

motivate the participants to learn about the dangers of diabetes or discourage them on their

present negative health behaviors 7. A social marketing framework influenced the program’s

planning approach, and media materials incorporated the health belief model to promote

individual behavior change.

Management Chart for Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation

Person Task Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Responsible
Public Develop  
Health Program
Team Rationale
Member
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Public Conduct 
Health Needs
Team Assessment
Member
Public Develop 
Health Goals and
Team Objectives
Member
Public Create 
Health Intervention
Team
Member
YMCA Conduct 
Staff Evaluation
Public Assemble 
Health Resources
Team
Member
Public Market  
Health Program
Team
Member
Public Pilot Test 
Health
Team
Member
Public Refine 
Health
Team
Member
Public Intervention 
Health
Team
2018
Member

2019
Consultant Evaluation 

2020

Budget

This program is heavily grant funded for the first year. The personnel primarily consists of

Public Health Master’s program students of Liberty University. This health intervention is a

volunteer-based preceptor program. Resources, equipment, supplies, transportation, etc. will be

the bulk of the budget. This is a 12-month budget.

Revenue and Support Amount Justification

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Contribution from Sponsor 10,000

Marketing Grant 5000
Participant Fee 4000 $200 * 20 participants
Total Income 19,000

Expenditures
Evaluation Consultants 3000
Supplies 2000

Instructional Material 1000 Most material is supplied by

Health and Human Services
Equipment 500
Postage 300
Marketing/ Advertising 5000
Prizes 1200
Speakers 2500 Motivational Speakers
(locals, clergy, etc)
Meeting costs 1000
YMCA security 600 Shared cost with YMCA
Snacks 1200 Opening mixer before each
class
Indirect Cost

Office Phone 500 Fundraising Calls, etc.

Expenditure Total 18,800
Surplus 200 Will be moved to next year’s
budget

Issues/Potential Problems

Keeping participants motivated and challenged for the 24-month period. Difficulty in isolating

the intended audience in “real world” situations 7. Participant barriers may cause a more than

25% reduction over intervention timeframe. There may be room conflicts with the YMCA as

there is only one training room.

Evaluation Strategies
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Formative evaluation will be conducted during the program development. The pretest strategy of

the messaging and material was a part of the formative evaluation. Process evaluations will be

conducted throughout the 24-month intervention to ensure that errors are monitored, and

corrections made. Outcome evaluation will be made to capture intermediate outcomes and to see

that the objectives were met 7.

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Reference
1. Bernell S, Howard SW. Use Your Words Carefully: What Is a Chronic

Disease? Frontiers in Public Health. 2016;4:159. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2016.00159.

2. Diabetes, Heart Disease, and Stroke. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and

Kidney Diseases Website. [Link]

information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/heart-disease-stroke. Accessed

February 2, 2018.

3. New CDC report: More than 100 million Americans have diabetes or prediabetes. Center

for Disease Control and Prevention Web site.

[Link] Accessed January

28, 2018.

4. YMCS’s Diabetes Prevention Program. YMCA Website. [Link]

prevention. Updated 2018. Accessed February 2, 2018.

5. Munishi M. et. al. Assessment of Barriers to Improve Diabetes Management in Older

Adults. Care Diabetes Journals Website.

[Link] Accessed February 15,

2018.

6. Justus N. How Can Your Diabetes Affect your Friends, Family and Others Around You?

The Diabetes Council Website. [Link]

friends-family-others-around. Updated January 16, 2018. Accessed February 15, 2018.

7. Making Health Communication Programs Work. National Cancer Institute Website.

[Link] Accessed

February 15, 2018.