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Numerical Methods: Curve Fitting & Interpolation

This document discusses numerical methods for curve fitting, interpolation, and numerical differentiation. It provides examples of using linear and nonlinear regression for curve fitting, Lagrange and Newton interpolation methods, and forward, backward, and centered difference approximations for estimating derivatives. Specifically, it gives examples of fitting data to parabolas and finding linear and quadratic relationships between variables, using interpolation to estimate values within data sets, and applying numerical differentiation techniques to estimate first and second derivatives of functions.

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Ashwin M
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39 views2 pages

Numerical Methods: Curve Fitting & Interpolation

This document discusses numerical methods for curve fitting, interpolation, and numerical differentiation. It provides examples of using linear and nonlinear regression for curve fitting, Lagrange and Newton interpolation methods, and forward, backward, and centered difference approximations for estimating derivatives. Specifically, it gives examples of fitting data to parabolas and finding linear and quadratic relationships between variables, using interpolation to estimate values within data sets, and applying numerical differentiation techniques to estimate first and second derivatives of functions.

Uploaded by

Ashwin M
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CPB 20203 NUMERICAL METHOD

TUTORIAL 2
CURVE FITTING, INTERPOLATION & NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION

Curve Fitting : Linear Least-Squares & Nonlinear Regression

1) Fit a parabola to the data below.

x 0.75 2 2.5 4 6 8 8.5


y 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7

2) The heat transfer coefficient (ℎ) in a forced convection heat transfer in cross-flow
past a cylinder at room temperature is found to vary with the velocity of the fluid
(𝑣) flowing past the cylinder as follows :

𝑣𝑖 (𝑚/𝑠) 2 4 6 8
𝑤 6000 10000 13000 15000
ℎ𝑖 ( 2 )
𝑚 −𝐾

i. Find a linear equation between ℎ & 𝑣.


ii. Find the least-squares quadratic equation.

3) The efficiency (𝜂) of a reaction turbine is found to vary with the output power
(𝑝) and the head (ℎ) as follows :

𝑝𝑖 (1000ℎ𝑝) 21 30 42 32 43 54 52 62 80
ℎ𝑖 (𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟) 240 240 240 330 325 325 430 430 430
𝜂𝑖 (%) 75 80 85 75 80 84 75 80 85

Develope a linear relationship between the variables 𝜂, ℎ & 𝑝.

Lagrange and Newton Interpolations Method

1. Given 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥 and

𝑥 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94


𝑔(𝑥) 0.4066 0.4025 0.3985 0.3946 0.3906

use the linear interpolation to estimate 𝑒 −0.912 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒 −0.934.

2. Find a quadratic polynomial using the given points :


(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) = (−2,4), (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) = (0,2) & (𝑥3 , 𝑦3 ) = (2,8).
Then estimate the value of y for x=1.
CPB 20203 NUMERICAL METHOD
TUTORIAL 2
CURVE FITTING, INTERPOLATION & NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION
1
3. Given a simple function 𝑦 = 𝑥. Compute the values of y at 𝑥 = 3.35, 3.4, 3.5 & 3.6.
Then use
(a) Newton interpolating polynomials of degree 1, 2 & 3,
(b) Lagrange interpolating polynomials of degree 1, 2 & 3,
1
to interpolate 𝑦 = 𝑥 at 𝑥 = 3.44 respectively.

4. Given these data


𝑥 1.6 2 2.5 3.2 4 4.5
𝑓(𝑥) 2 8 14 15 8 2

Calculate 𝑓(2.8) using Lagrange’

Numerical Differentiation

5. Given
𝑥 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2
𝑓(𝑥) 10.8894 12.7032 14.7781 17.1489 19.8550

Use forward and backward difference approximations of 𝑂(ℎ) and a cntered


difference of 𝑂(ℎ2 ) to estimate 𝑓 ′ (2.0) using step size of ℎ = 0.1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ = 0.1.

6. Use centered difference approximation to estimate the first and second derivatives
of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 at 𝑥 = 1 for ℎ = 0.1.

7. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 & ℎ = 0.1. Approximate 𝑓"(2.0) using centered difference of


accuracy 𝑂(ℎ4 ).

8. Given the following data


𝑥 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30
𝑓(𝑥) 1.00000 1.02470 1.04881 1.07238 1.09545 1.11803 1.14018

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