I.

DEFINITION OF TERMS:
Absolute Humidity – The weight of vapor in a unit volume, usually expressed as grains
per cubic foot.
Air – is a mechanical mixture of gases and water vapor.
Air Conditioning – controlling the properties of air so that the air will be suitable for its
intended use.
Condensation – water vapour change from a gaseous state to a liquid state.
Dry Air – is composed chiefly of nitrogen and oxygen.
Dry Bulb Temperature – the actual temperature of the air.
Dew Point Temperature – the temperature at which the water vapor in the air
condenses when the air is cooled at constant pressure.
Enthalpy – enthalpy in damp air describes the thermodynamic state from its energetic
content. It is the sum of the two elements, dry air and water vapour, so that: enthalpy =
perceptible heat + latent heat.
Evaporation- is a type of vaporization of a liquid that occurs from the surface of a liquid
into a gaseous phase that is not saturated with the evaporating substance.
Humidity – The water vapor present in the air.
Humidity ratio - referred to as moisture content or the mixing ratio. It is the mass of
water vapor per unit mass of dry air.
Latent Heat – the heat added or extracted when a substance change from solid to
liquid state or from liquid to solid state.
Psychrometry – study of the properties of air and its water vapor content.
Psychrometric Chart – the graphic presentations of the psychrometric properties of air.
Relative Humidity – is the ratio of the actual partial pressure exerted by the water
vapor in any volume of air to the partial pressure that would be exerted by the water
vapor if the water vapor in the air is saturated at the temperature of the air.
Saturated Air – air whose condition is such that any decrease in temperature will result
in condensation of the water vapor into liquid.
Saturation Ratio – is the ratio of the mass of water vapor per unit mass of dry air to the
mass of water vapor required for saturation of the same air sample.
Wet Bulb Temperature – the temperature of the air if it is saturated.
 II. Introduction
In a hot summer day, we all experienced evaporative cooling effect after exiting
the pool. We might not noticed this but in the past, it did not take long to discover this
effect especially in hot and arid regions. We have all experienced the evaporative
cooling effect that occurs after exiting a swimming pool on a hot sunny day. It probably
did not take long past the initial discovery of cloth for early man to take practical
advantage of this physical cooling behavior of water when living in hot and arid
[Link] or plaster paintings from about 2500 B.C. show slaves fanning jars of
water to cool rooms for royalty. The earliest archeological trail of buildings incorporating
mechanisms for evaporative space cooling starts in Ancient Egypt with paths spreading
quickly to other regions having hot and dry climates.

Evaporative cooling is important to keep our body at a normal temperature which

occurs through sweating. In this experiment, they conducted a series of test that will
lead to the confirmation if today’s evaporative coolers really is efficient. This paper aims
to provide information as to effectiveness of evaporative coolers inside a room in UE
Caloocan.

III. Objectives
1. Determine whether the evaporative cooler is effective or not.
2. To provide the parameters of (EC PRODUCT)
3. Illustrate how the EC works using figures, graph and diagrams.
4. Computations of the dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, dew point
temperature, relative humidity, specific humidity, specific volume, and
enthalpythe rate of heat transfer of the evaporative cooler

IV. Literature Review

Evaporative Coolers are Air Conditioners that use the process of evaporation to
lower the temperature. To understand evaporative cooling, we also need to understand
heat and evaporation. Water can hold a lot of heat without changing temperature. The
heat stored in water is called latent heat. Water absorbs the heat from other surfaces,
making them cooler. When water absorbs enough heat, it evaporates, or changes from
a liquid to a gas. The gas leaves the surface, taking the extra heat with it. The result is a
decreased amount of heat and thus decreased temperature in the surface.
 They have the ability to lower the temperature in a room by as much as 30
degrees. However, this cooling capability depends mainly upon two factors: The
humidity level, and the outside air temperature. An evaporative cooler performs at its
best during the hottest time of the day. The warmer the outside environment, the better
it is for the evaporative cooler. As far as the humidity is concerned, a lower humidity
level leads to a better cooling effect. This is because the dryness in the outside air can
absorb more moisture, therefore leading to greater cooling. If the outside air is moist, or
at worst is completely saturated with water, it halts the evaporation process. Hence, no
cooling occurs whatsoever. A relative humidity level of more than 50% adversely affects
the efficiency of an evaporative cooler.

Direct evaporative cooler

Direct evaporative coolers, in which the working fluids (water and air) are in direct
contact. Direct evaporative coolers also known as swamp coolers, sump coolers or
desert coolers, Evaporative Coolers are air cooling devices which use simple
evaporation of water into the air. These are uses commonly in homes and small
businesses located in dry hot climates. Figure 1 shows one example of a direct
evaporative cooler available in the market.

Source: [Link]
Figure 1:Photo Showing of Direct Evaporative Cooler
 Specifications of Airblaster-3
MODEL Airblaster-3
Airflow 4120 cfm
Wattage 380 watts
Tank size 70 Liters
Water consumption (Liters /hr) 10-15
Voltage 120 volts
Coverage area 1000 𝒇𝒕𝟐
Product dimension L,W,H (inches) 35.5”,23.5”,51.5”
Number of speed setting 3

Principles of Operation
The Iwata Airblaster-3 Indoor/Outdoor Evaporative Cooler works without a compressor yet cools
the air in your home or workplace naturally without using any harmful coolants or chemicals.
This maximizes efficiency and keeps your cooling costs low. And with a coverage area of up to
1000 square feet, this evaporative cooler is truly designed for heavy duty cooling. It's the ideal
spot cooling solution for warehouses, factories, decks, patios and athletic fields. The Airblaster-
3 can also be used in green houses and agricultural settings, plus, it connects directly to a
standard garden hose if you require a continuous water supply.

Product Benefits (Iwata Airblaster-3)

Designed to cool larger areas such as warehouses, factories, patios, athletic fields and more;
High-efficiency, rigid cooling pads hold more water;
Continuous water supply inlet;
3 sides cooling pad;
Powerful motor results in more powerful airflow, faster evaporation and cooler air;
Adds moisture to dry environments and eliminates airborne dust particles.
With Ionizer;
 V. COMPUTATION

B-1. In determining the air changes in the room, the supply air flow and the dimension
of the room must be known.

𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑥 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛

= - equation a
ℎ𝑟 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑚

The room to be used in this study is Room EN-206 in the UE Caloocan. We

measure the room and its dimension are L = 8.93 m, W = 7.5 m, and H = 3.36 m. The
resulting Volume = 225.036𝑚2 .

From equation a

31𝑚
𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑠 4120𝐶𝐹𝑀(3.281 𝑓𝑡) 𝑥 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛
=
ℎ𝑟 225.036𝑚3

𝒂𝒊𝒓 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒔
= 𝟑𝟏/𝒉𝒓
𝒉𝒓

The 31 air changes per hour it indicates that for every hour passes, the volume of
air in the room EN-206 will be replaced with new air 40 times.

B-2. In determining if the Airblaster-3 evaporative cooler can provide enough fresh air in
a room with a volume of 225.036𝑚3 the formula to be used is,

𝑉𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑚
𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 =
2
225.036𝑚3 (3.2813 )𝑓𝑡 3
𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑥
2 1𝑚3
𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒇𝒍𝒐𝒘 = 𝟑𝟗𝟕𝟒. 𝟏𝟏𝟕 𝑪𝑭𝑴
The Airblaster-3 evaporative cooler has an airflow of 4120 CFM therefor it can
provide enough airflow to the whole room because the required airflow from the room is
3974.117 CFM.
B-3. To estimate the rate of evaporation of water, used the formula of,

𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 ( 𝑇𝑑𝑏1 − 𝑇𝑑𝑏2 )

𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
10000
Where:

Tdb1 = 28.3 C = 82.94 F

Tdb2 = 26 C = 78.8 F

4120 𝐶𝐹𝑀 (82.94 − 78.8)℉

𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
10000

𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒗𝒂𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟎𝟓𝟔𝟖 𝑮𝑷𝑯

B-4. To compute the Cooling Capacity, the first step is to compute the mass flow rate of

air.

Given:
𝑇𝑑𝑏1 = 28.3℃ 𝜔1=0.0171 kg/kg
𝑇𝑑𝑏2 = 26℃ 𝜔2= 0.018kg/kg
𝑅𝐻 = 70.14% 𝑘𝐽
h1 = h2 = 72.1𝑘𝑔
𝑉 = 4120 𝐶𝐹𝑀

Solution:

For density of air using Tdb1 and RH=70.14%

Pv=mRT

𝑃𝑎 - eq b
𝑝=
𝑅𝑇𝑑𝑏1

where: R=0.287

T1=28.3+273=301.3K

Solving for 𝑃𝑎 , where 𝑃𝑡 = 101.325 𝑘𝑝𝑎 , 𝑃𝑠 @28.3 𝐶 = 3.84745 𝑘𝑝𝑎

 𝑃𝑎 = 𝑃𝑡 − 𝑅𝐻 ∗ 𝑃𝑠

𝑃𝑎 = 101.325 − 70.14%(3.84745)

𝑃𝑎 = 98.626 𝑘𝑝𝑎

From eq. b

98.626kPa
p=
(.287)(301.3)

𝑝 =1.1405 𝑘𝑔
𝑚3

Using the density of air, compute now the mass flow rate,

𝑚 = 𝑝𝑉

𝑘𝑔 𝑚3
𝑚 = 1.1205 (150.057 )
𝑚3 𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = 168.139
𝑚𝑖𝑛

After computing for the mass flow rate of air, the next step is to compute the

cooling capacity. At process 2 to 3 the humidity ratio is remained constant, and the

enthalpies are ℎ3 = 72.7 𝐾𝑗/𝑘𝑔 and ℎ2 = 72.1 𝐾𝑗/𝑘𝑔

Q = m (h2 – h3)

𝑘𝑔
𝑄 = 168.139 (72.1 − 72.7)𝐾𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝑘𝑗 1𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑄 = −100.8832 𝑥
𝑚𝑖𝑛 60𝑠

𝑸 = −𝟏. 𝟔𝟖𝟏𝟑𝟗 𝑲𝒘
B-5. For effectiveness of the direct evaporative cooler
𝑇𝑑𝑏1 − 𝑇𝑑𝑏2
𝐸=
𝑇𝑑𝑏1 − 𝑇𝑤𝑏
28.3 − 26
𝐸=
28.3 − 24
𝐸 = 0.5349
𝑬 = 𝟓𝟑. 𝟒𝟗 %
 VI. REMARKS AND RECOMMENDATION

For the evaporative air cooler which can be very useful for the humid area rather

than air conditioning because of the temperature can give, but if evaporative or ACU i

chose the ACU because ACU can give better and comfortable temperature in the body

ACU is more expensive than evaporative air cooler fresh air can be taken inside the air-

conditioned room at any time merely by opening the door or windows. Fresh can also

be taken in by the blower of the air-conditioner. The windows of the air conditioned

rooms and offices are closed, due to this less outside sound enters the rooms. Even the

noise from the air-conditioners is very low. Due to this there is quietness inside the

rooms, which gives soothing sleep at night and also maintains peace inside the

hospitals and theaters. The noise inside the air conditioned room can be further reduced

by soundproofing the room. The air condition ner helps circulate filtered air inside the

room or office. This air is free from dust and dirt particles, smoke, microorganisms,

bacteria etc. Due to this healthy environment is created inside the room and the health

of person is improved. It has been found by research that in the comfort conditions the

working capacity of the human beings increases. If the room temperature is very high,

not all the heat from the body is released and the person feels uncomfortable from deep

within that causes irritation of mind and lack of concentration. The person also tends to

get tired fast in hot temperatures. At the comfort conditions created by the AC, the

person feels peaceful from deep inside and is able to work more. The clean air further

helps human beings perform more work. Most people use air conditioners to stay more

comfortable in their homes or offices during hot and humid summer weather. Under

extreme conditions, air conditioners may keep elderly and other vulnerable people safer

from heat-induced health problems. Air conditioners are used in many commercial
settings not only for increased comfort but for decreasing heat stress on delicate

machinery such as computers, and reducing food spoilage in grocery stores and

restaurants.

Advantages of using air coolers

 Air is always available.

 Maintenance cost normally less than for water cooled systems.

 In event of power failure they can transfer some heat because of natural

convection.

 Mechanical design is normally simpler due to pressure on air side always

being closer to atmospheric.

 Fouling on air side can normally be ignored.

 No problem arising from thermal & chemical pollution of cooling fluids.

Disadvantages of air coolers

 Noise – Low noise fans are reducing this problem but at cost of fan efficiency

& hence higher energy costs.

 May need special features for cold weather protection (high pour point liquids

freezes in cold weather).

 Cannot cool to same low temperature as cooling tower.

VII. REFERENCES

 [Link]
scientific-facts
 [Link]

 [Link]
 [Link]
[Link]
 [Link]
 UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST-MANILA
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

EVAPORATIVE AIR COOLER

(MODEL AIRBLASTER-3)
PLATE #1
NME 423- ME1
ME ELECTIVE 2

Submitted by:
Sequena, Donovan R.
20140174409

Submitted to:
ENGR. DIOSDADO DOCTOR
Instructor
 I. Definitions of Terms……………………………….……..1

II. Introduction …………….……………………….……...…2

III. Objectives…..…………………………………….………..2

IV. Literature Review &

DISCUSSION…………..………….………….…………...2-4

V. COMPUTATION………..……………………….………...5-8

VI. REMARKS & RECOMMENDATION…………….…….9-10

VII. REFERENCES……………………………………………..11