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Quality Control Formulas for Cement

This document provides formulas and metrics used for quality control in the cement industry, including: 1. Loss on ignition (LOI) which measures CO2 from calcination. 2. Silica modulus/ratio and alumina modulus/ratio which influence cement strength. 3. Lime saturation factor which impacts clinker burnability. 4. Bogue's formula for determining cement constituents. 5. Degree of calcination and other metrics for raw materials, kiln feed, clinker production, and insoluble residue analysis.

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423 views8 pages

Quality Control Formulas for Cement

This document provides formulas and metrics used for quality control in the cement industry, including: 1. Loss on ignition (LOI) which measures CO2 from calcination. 2. Silica modulus/ratio and alumina modulus/ratio which influence cement strength. 3. Lime saturation factor which impacts clinker burnability. 4. Bogue's formula for determining cement constituents. 5. Degree of calcination and other metrics for raw materials, kiln feed, clinker production, and insoluble residue analysis.

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foxmancement
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Quality Control Formula


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Contents [hide] 
1 Quality Control Formula
1.1 Loss on ignition (LOI) (CO2 from Calcination)
1.2 Silica Modulus/Ratio (SM)
1.3 Alumina Modulus/Alumina iron ratio (AM)
1.4 Lime saturation factor (LSF)
1.5 % Liquid
1.6 Bogue’s Formula for Cement Constituents
1.7 Degree of Calcination
1.8 Sulphur to Alkali Ratio
1.9 Free Lime
1.10 Blending ratio
1.11 Raw meal to clinker factor
1.12 Kiln feed to clinker factor
1.13 Clinker to cement factor
1.14 Insoluble residue

Quality Control Formula


Loss on ignition (LOI) (CO2 from Calcination)

Silica Modulus/Ratio (SM)

Alumina Modulus/Alumina iron ratio (AM)

Clinker with higher the Alumina modulus results in cement with high early
strength

Lime saturation factor (LSF)


When the LSF approaches unity, the clinker is hard to burn and often shows
the excessive free lime contents.

% Liquid

Bogue’s Formula for Cement Constituents


Degree of Calcination
Sulphur to Alkali Ratio

Higher sulphur to alkali ratio leads to pre-heater buildups affecting the kiln
operation

Free Lime


Excess sulphur (gm SO3/ 100 kg clinker)

Above these limits, sulphur gives rise to coating problems in Pre-heater


tower.

Blending ratio

Raw meal to clinker factor

Kiln feed to clinker factor


Clinker to cement factor

Insoluble residue

Insoluble residue can be used to measure amount of adulteration or


contamination of cement with sand. Cement is soluble in dilute HClwhere as
sand is insoluble. The amount of insoluble material determinesthe level of
adulteration. In PPC (Fly-ash) cement; insoluble residue is used to estimate
the percentage of fly-ash present in the cement.

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Anil Rao · [Link](QA/QC) at Nuvoco Vistas Corp. Ltd.


Very very knowledgeable
Like · Reply · 12w

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One Comment

sanju
November 20, 2017 at 6:30 am Reply

Quite informative.

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1 Quality Control Formula 1.1 Loss on ignition (LOI) (CO2 from Calcination) 1.2 Silica Modulus/Ratio (SM) 1.3 Alumina Modulus
Loss on ignition (LOI) (CO2 from Calcination) Silica Modulus/Ratio (SM) Alumina Modulus/Alumina iron ratio (AM) Clinker with
When the LSF approaches unity, the clinker is hard to burn and often shows the excessive free lime contents. % Liquid Bogue’s
Sulphur to Alkali Ratio Higher sulphur to alkali ratio leads to pre-heater buildups affecting the kiln operation Free Lime 
Excess sulphur (gm SO3/ 100 kg clinker) Above these limits, sulphur gives rise to coating problems in Pre-heater tower. Blend
Clinker to cement factor Insoluble residue Insoluble residue can be used to measure amount of adulteration or contamination o
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