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Beam Element Stiffness Matrix Guide

The document presents the stiffness matrix for a basic beam element referred to local coordinates. It then gives the stiffness matrices for a beam with four elements connected by pin joints, subjected to loads P at each end. The problem is to determine the displacements, reactions and internal forces for the beam. The global stiffness matrix is assembled from the element matrices taking into account boundary and symmetry conditions. The displacements and forces are then determined by solving the system of equations relating the global stiffness matrix, displacements and loads.

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Jun Michael
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
14 views3 pages

Beam Element Stiffness Matrix Guide

The document presents the stiffness matrix for a basic beam element referred to local coordinates. It then gives the stiffness matrices for a beam with four elements connected by pin joints, subjected to loads P at each end. The problem is to determine the displacements, reactions and internal forces for the beam. The global stiffness matrix is assembled from the element matrices taking into account boundary and symmetry conditions. The displacements and forces are then determined by solving the system of equations relating the global stiffness matrix, displacements and loads.

Uploaded by

Jun Michael
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

v1 1 v2 2

 12 6 12 6
 L3   
L2 L3 L2 
 6 4 6 2 
 2  Stiffness matrix for the
K  EI  L L L2 L  basic beam element
  12 6 12 6  referred to local
 L3 L2 L3 L2 
 6 coordinates
2 6 4 
 2 
 L L L2 L 

Example No. 1
Compute the displacements, reactions and internal forces for the beam shown in the
figure. Assume EI constant

P P

1 2 3 4

a c a

Stiffness Matrix of each member


v1 1 v2 2
 12 6 12 6 v
 a3   
a2 
1
a2 a3
 6 4 6 2 
 2 
K 1 2  EI  a a a2 a  1
 12 6 12 6  v2
 a 3 a2 a3 a2 
 6 2 6 4 
 2 
 a a a2 a  2

v2 2 v3 3
 12 6 12 6 v
 c3   
c2 
2
c2 c3
 6 4 6 2 
 2 
K 2 3  EI  c c c2 c  2
  12 6 12 6  v3
 c3 c2 c3 c2 
 6 2 6 4 
 2 
 c c c2 c  3

v3 3 v4 4
 12 6 12 6
 a3  2  3  2  v3
a a a
 6 4 6 2 
 2 
  3
2
K 3 4  EI a a a a
 12 6 12 6  v4
 a3 a 2
a 3
a 2 
 6 2 6 4 
 2 
 a a a 2
a  4
Applying boundary conditions v1 = v4 = 0 , θ1 = θ4 = 0
And symmetry conditions v2 = v3 , θ2 = - θ3
v2 2 v3 3
 12 12   6 6  12 6 
 a 3  c 3   a 2  c 2    2  v2
   
3
c c 

 6 6   4 4  6 2 
 
 a 2 c 2   a c  c2 c  2
K  EI 
12 6  12 12   6 6  v
  3  3  3   2  2  3
 c c2 a c  c a 
 6 2  6 6  4 4 
  2  2  2     3
 c c c a  c a 
v2 2 v3 3
12c 3  12a 3 6c 2  6a 2 12 6 
    v2
 a 3c 3 a 2c 2 c3 c2 
 6c  6a 4c  4a
2 2
6 2 
K  EI  a c
2 2
ac c2 c 2
2 
12 6 12a  12c 3
3
6a  6c v3
2
  3 
 c c2 a 3c 3 a 2c 2 
 6 2 6a 2  6c 2 4a  4c 
 2 
 c c a 2c 2 ac  3

From X   K U 
v2 2 v3 3
12c 3  12a 3 6c 2  6a 2 12 6 
   
 a 3c 3 a 2c 2 c3 c2 
Y2   P   v2 
 6c  6a 4c  4a
2 2
6 2 
M  0 
 2   a 2c 2 ac c2 c   2 
   EI   
Y3   P  12 6 12a 3  12c 3 6a 2  6c 2   v3  v 2 
  3 
 M 3  0   c c2 a 3c 3 a 2 c 2   3   2 
 6 2 6a 2  6c 2 4a  4c 
  
c2 c a 2c 2 ac

12c 3  12 a 3 6c 2  6a 2   12 6
Y2   P  
a 3c 3 2 2
a c
 v 2   c 3 
c 2   v2 
   EI      EI 
2    2 
M2  0  6c  6 a
2 2
4c  4a   2   2
6

 a 2 c 2 ac   c c 

12c 3  12a 3 12 6c 2  6a 2 6 
 Y2   3 3
 3  2  v 
  2 a c c a 2c 2 c  2
  EI  
M 2   6c  6a  6
2
4c  4a 2   2 

 a 2 c 2 c2 ac c 

 12 6 
 2 
Y  a 3
a 2  v 2 
   EI  6 4c  2a   
M 2   2   2 
a ac 
Solve for displacement and rotation

1
 12 6 
 2
v  a3 a 2   Y2 
   EI  6 4c  2a  M 2 
 2   2 
a ac 
Solve for inverse

 4c  2 a 6
 ac  2
a
1  12   a 3  2c  a  a 2c 
 12 6    2
6
  
  
 a3 a2   a a3   6  2a  c  22a  c  
6  
4c  2a   12  4c  2a   6  6   a 2c ac 
 2   3     2  2   
a ac   a  ac   a  a   22a  c  2a  c 

 a 3  2c  a  a 2c 
  
v 2  1  6  2a  c  
22a  c  Y2   P 
    
 2  EI   a c  M 2  0 
2
ac
 22a  c  2a  c 

1  a 3  2c  a  
v2     P   v3
EI  6  2a  c  
1 
2   
a 2c
 P    3
EI  22a  c  

To solve for reactions and moments, consider the total stiffness matrix
12 EI   P a 3  2c  a  6 EI  P a 2c 
Y1   3      P
a  EI 6  2a  c  a 2  EI 22a  c 
12 EI   P a 3  2c  a  6 EI  P a 2c 
Y4          P
a 3  EI 6  2a  c  a 2  EI 22a  c  
6 EI   P a 3  2c  a  2 EI  P a 2 c   aa  c P
M1  2      
a  EI 6  2a  c  a  EI 22a  c   2a  c
6 EI   P a 3  2c  a  2 EI  P a 2 c  aa  c P
M4         
a 2  EI 6  2a  c  a  EI 22a  c   2a  c

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