2 j¾.

uQ,h
fuu mdvu [Link] Tng
² mQ¾K j¾.hla fkdjk Ok ixLHdjl j¾.uQ,h ikaksl¾IKhg
² ixLHdjl j¾.uQ,h i`oyd wdikak [Link] fn§fï l%uh [Link] fiùug
yelshdj ,efnkq we;'

2'1 Ok ixLHdjl j¾.uQ,h

ixLHdjl j¾.h ms<sn`oj;a" j¾.uQ,h ms<sn|j;a Tn óg fmr hï;dla ÿrlg bf.k
f.k we;' ta ms<sn|j ieflúka u;la lr .ksuq'
3×3 ys w.h 9 fõ' 3×3 hkak fláfhka 32 f,i ,shd oelafõ' th —;=fka j¾.h˜f,i
lshjkq ,efí' fuys —2˜ka oelafjkafka 3 —fojrla˜ 3ka u .=K jk [Link]' fï wkqj"
;=fka j¾.h 9 jk w;r ta nj 32 = 9 f,i ,shd oelaúh yels h'

my; oelafjk j.=fjys ixLHd lsysmhl j¾. oelafõ'

ixLHdj ixLHdfjys j¾.h ixLHdfjys j¾.h ixLHdfjys j¾.h

,efnk wdldrh ,shd olajk wdldrh
1 1×1 12 1
2 2×2 22 4
3 3×3 32 9
4 4×4 42 16
5 5×5 52 25

1" 4" 9" 16 wd§ ixLHd mQ¾K j¾. f,i ye¢kafõ'

j¾.uQ,h [Link] j¾.fhys m%;súreoaO woyi oelafjhs' ksoiqkla f,i 32 = 9 ksid 9
ys j¾.uQ,h 3 hehs lshkq ,efí' by; j.=fõ olajd we;s uq,a yd wjidk ;Sre wkqj"

1 ys j¾.uQ,h 1 nj;a
4 ys j¾.uQ,h 2 nj;a
9 ys j¾.uQ,h 3 nj;a

14
 16 ys j¾.uQ,h 4 nj;a
25 ys j¾.uQ,h 5 nj;a
jegfya' j¾.uQ,h oelaùug ,l=K fhdod .efka' ta wkqj"
25 = 5 wd§ jYfhka ,shd oelaúh yels h'
iEu ixLHdjlu j¾.hla we;s nj meyeÈ,s h' kuq;a iEu ixLHdjlu j¾.uQ,hla
;sfío@ ta ms<sn| j oeka úuid n,uq'
by; j.=j wkqj" 4 ys j¾.uQ,h 2 jk w;r" 9 ys j¾.uQ,h 3 fõ' 4;a 9;a w;r we;s
ixLHdj, j¾.uQ, jkafka 2;a 3;a w;r we;s [Link] h' ta wkqj" 4;a 9;a w;r we;s
ixLHdj, j¾.uQ, ksÅ, fkdjk nj meyeÈ,s h' tajd oYu ixLHd fõ' tu j¾.uQ,
wdikak f,i fidhk whqre fuu mdvfï § i,ld nef,a' tjeks wdikak [Link]
ikaksl¾IKhla hehs lshkq ,efí'
ksoiqkla f,i" 5ys j¾.uQ,h i|yd ikaksl¾IKhla fidhk whqre i,ld n,uq'
my; oelafjk j.=j n,kak'
ixLHdj ixLHdfjys j¾.h ixLHdfjys j¾.h ixLHdfjys
,efnk wdldrh ,shd olajk wdldrh j¾.h
2 2×2 22 4
2.1 2.1 × 2.1 2.1 2
4.41
2.2 2.2 × 2.2 2.2 2
4.84
2.3 2.3 × 2.3 2.3 2
5.29
2.4 2.4 × 2.4 2.42 5.76
2.5 2.5 × 2.5 2.5 2
6.25
2.6 2.6 × 2.6 2.6 2
6.76
2.7 2.7 × 2.7 2.7 2
7.29
by; j.=fjys ol=Kq mi fl,jr ;Srefõ we;s w.h w;=ßka 5g wdikaku w.h fol
jkafka 4.84 yd 5.29hs' tajd ms<sfj<ska 2.2ys yd 2.3ys j¾.hhs'
j.=j wkqj" 4.84ys yd 5.29ys j¾.uQ, ms<sfj<ska 2.2 yd 2.3 fõ' ixfla;d;aul j"
o f,i ,súh yels h'
oeka" 5g jvd wdikak w.h jkafka 4'84 o" tfia ke;skï 5'29 oehs mÍlaId lruq'
4.84;a 5;a w;r fjki = 5 − 4.84 = 0.16
5.29;a 5;a w;r fjki = 5.29 − 5 = 0.29
ta wkqj" 5g jvd;a wdikak w.h 4.84hs' tuksid" 5ys j¾.uQ,h i|yd wdikak
[Link] f,i 2.2 .; yels h' fufia" hï Ok ksÅ,hl j¾.uQ,h i|yd oYuia:dk
15
tllg ksjerÈ j ,efnk [Link] tu ixLHdfõ j¾.uQ,fha —m<uq oYuia:dkhg
ikaksl¾IKh˜^fyda" jvd;a ir, j" —m<uq ikaksl¾IKh˜& hehs lshkq ,efí'
fï wkqj" 5ys j¾.uQ,h i|yd m<uq ikaksl¾IKh 2.2 fõ' wdikak w.h oelaùfï
§ ixfla;h fhdod .efka' ta wkqj" f,i o ,shd oelaúh yels h'
fï wdldrfhka u fya;= olajñka" by; j.=j wkqidrfhka" 6ys j¾.uQ,fha m<uq
ikaksl¾IKh 2.4 nj;a" 7ys j¾.uQ,fha m<uq ikaksl¾IKh 2.6 nj;a [Link]
l< yels h' tkï"

hï mQ¾K j¾.hla fkdjk Ok ixLHdjl j¾.uQ,h i|yd m<uq ikaksl¾IKhla

fidhk ksYaÑ; l%uhla my; ksoiqka [Link] Wf.k .ksuq'

ksoiqk 1

i|yd m<uq oYuia:dkhg ikaksl¾IKh fidhkak'

uq,skau 17 we;af;a l=uk mQ¾K j¾. fol w;r oehs fidhd .; hq;= h'

² 17 g wvq mQ¾K j¾. ixLHd w;=ßka 17g wdikaku mQ¾K j¾.h 16 jk w;r" 17g
jeä mQ¾K j¾. ixLHd w;=ßka 17g wdikaku mQ¾K j¾.h 25 fõ'
ta wkqj" 16 < 17 < 25 f,i ,shuq'
² tu tla tla ixLHdj, j¾.uQ,h ,shQ úg

∴
ta wkqj 17 ys j¾.uQ,h" 4;a 5;a w;r msysghs'
tkï" ys w.h 4;a 5;a w;r fõ'
² 17 jvd wdikak jkafka 16g o 25g o fidhd .ksuq'
16;a 17;a w;r fjki 1 ls'
17;a 25;a w;r fjki 8 ls'
17 jvd wdikak jkafka 16g h'
ys w.h 5g jvd 4g wdikak [Link] fõ'
tuksid 4'1" 4'2" 4'3 yd 4'4 ixLHd w;ßka tla ixLHdjla ys m<uq ikaksl¾IKh
fõ'

16
fïjd w;=ßka g wdikaku w.h fiùug tla tla ixLHdj j¾. lruq' uq,a
ixLHd fol j¾. l< úg
=
=

,efí' 4'22 ys w.h 17 blaujd hk fyhska 4'32 yd 4'42 fiùu wkjYH fõ'
;j o" 16.81 yd 17.64 ixLHd w;=ßka 17 jvd wdikak w.h 16.81 ksid ys
m<uq ikaksl¾IKh 4'1 fõ'
ksoiqk 2

ys m<uq ikaksl¾IKh fidhkak'

152 = 225 o 162 = 256 o neúka

225 < 245 < 256 f,i ,[Link]'
ta wkqj"
∴ ys w.h 15;a 16;a w;r fõ'
245 jvd;a wdikak jkafka 256g neúka ys w.h 15g jvd 16g wdikak fõ'
tkï" th 15.5" 15.6" 15.7" 15.8" 15.9 hk [Link] tlls' tu w.h ks¾Kh
lruq'
15'9 x 15'9 = 252'81
15'8 x 15'8 = 249'64
15'7 x 15'7 = 246'49
15'6 x 15'6 = 243'36

by; w.h w;ßka 245g jvd;a u wdikak w.h 246'49 fõ'

ys m<uq ikaksl¾IKh 15'7 fõ'

2'1 wNHdih
my; oelafjk tla tla ixLHdfõ m<uq ikaksl¾IKh fidhkak'

17
 2'2 fn§fï l%uh [Link] j¾.uQ,h fiùu'
´kEu Ok ixLHdjl j¾.uQ,h fiúh yels l%uhla oeka i,ld n,uq' fuu l%uh
j¾.uQ,h fiùfï fn§fï l%uh (fyda idOdrK l%uh) f,i ye¢kafõ' ksoiqka
lsysmhla [Link] fuu l%uh yodruq'

ksoiqk 1 1764 ys j¾.uQ,h fidhuq'

mshjr 1
1764 ys tlia:dkfha isg jï mig b,lalï fol [Link] my; oelafjk wdldrhg
fjka lrkak'
17 64
mshjr 2
tfia fjka lsÍfuka miq uq,g tk b,lalfuka fyda b,lalï foflka oelafjk
ixLHdjg wvq fyda iudk" wdikaku mQ¾K j¾.fha j¾. uQ,h brg Wäka iy brg
jï miska my; mßÈ ,shkak'

mshjr 3
brg Wäka we;s ixLHdfõ yd jï me;af;a we;s ixLHdfõ .=Ks;h jk 4 x 4 my;
olajd we;s mßÈ my<ska ,shd wvq lrkak'

mshjr 4
oeka B<`. ixLHd hq.,h jk 64 my; oelafjk mßÈ ,shkak'

mshjr 5
brg Wäka we;s ixLHdfõ fo.=Kh jk 8 my; fmkajd we;s mßÈ jï miska ,shkak'
;j o" tlia:dkfha w.h i`oyd ysia ;ekla ;nkak'

18

mshjr 6
brg Wäka 4g ol=Kq miska yd brg jï miska ysia;eka ;enQ ia:dkhg tlu b,lalu
fhdokak' b,lalu f;dard .; hq;af;a 8 « } 164 fyda 164g wvq" wdikaku
w.h ,efnk mßÈh'

ta wkqj fõ'
oYu ixLHdjl j¾.uQ,h fiùfï § oYu ;sf;a isg fomig ixLHd fol [Link]
my; oelafjk f,i fjka lrkak'

3'61 3' 61
12'321 12' 32 10
143'456 1 43' 45 60

ksoiqk 2

ys w.h fidhkak'

19
ksoiqk 3

ys w.h oYuia:dk follg ksjerÈj fidhkak'

fuys§ oYuia:dk ;=kla olajd fidhd th oYuia:dk follg jeghsh hq;= h'
oYuia:dk ;=kla olajd fiùug kï oYu ;sf;ka miq ìkaÿ hq., ;=kla fjkal<
hq;= h'

5 2' 3 1 6
5 27 37' 00 00 00
25
5 x 2 = 10 10 2 2 37
2 04
52 x 2 = 104 104 3 33 00
31 29
523 x 2 = 1046 1046 1 1 71 00
1 04 61
5231 x 2 = 10462 10462 6 66 39 00
62 77 56
3 61 44

ksoiqk 4 ys w.h oYuia:dk follg ksjerÈj fidhkak'

by; ksoiqfka mßÈ u fuys§ o oYuia:dk ;=klg fidhd th oYuia:dk follg
jghuq' ta i|yd oYuia:dkj, ixLHdxl hq., ;=kla fjkal< hq;= h'

20
2'2 wNHdih
1' my; oelafjk tla tla ixLHdfõ j¾.uQ,h fidhkak'
(i) 676 (ii) 1024 (iii) 2209 (iv) 2809 (v) 3721
2' oYuia:dk tllg ksjerÈj w.h fidhkak'
a

2'3 .eg¨ úi£u i|yd j¾.uQ,h fhdod .ekSu

ksoiqk 1
j¾.M,h 441 cm2 jQ iup;=ri%hl mdohl È. fidhkak'

^mdohl È.&2 = iup;=ri%fha j¾.M,h

iup;-=ri%fha mdohl È. = iup;=ri%fha j¾.M,h
iup;=ri%fha j¾.M,h = 441 cm2
iup;=ri%fha mdohl È. =
= 21 cm
ksoiqk 2
iup;=ri%dldr f.ìula iïmQ¾Kfhka jefik fia j¾.M,h 900 cm2 jQ
iup;=ri%dldr ms`.ka .fvd,a 324la w,a,d we;' f.ìfï me;a;l È. fidhkak'
tla fma<shl we;s ms`.ka .fvd,a .Kk = 324
= 18
ms`.ka .fvd,l me;a;l È. = 900 cm
= 30 cm

f.ìfï me;a;l È. = 18 × 30 cm
= 540 cm
= 5.4 m
21
 2'3 wNHdih
1' j¾.M,h 1225 cm2 jQ iup;=ri%dldr ldâfndaâ lene,a,l me;a;l È. fldmuK
o@
2' mdo 27 cm iy 12 cm jQ RcqfldaKdi%hlg j¾.M,fhka iudk jQ iup;=ri%hl
mdohl È. fldmuK o@
3' <uqka 196la irU ixo¾Ykhla i`oyd fma<s .Kk yd ;Sr .Kk iudk jk fia
isgqjd we;' fma<shl isák <uqka .Kk fldmuK o@
4' >klhl mDIaG j¾.M,h 1350 cm2ls' >klfha me;a;l È. fidhkak'
5' RcqfldaKdi%dldr ux;Srejla ilia lr we;af;a iup;=ri%dldr me;,s uQK;la
we;s ìï we;=reï .,a oyfha fma<s 200la we,a,Sfuks' ìï we;sreï .,l me;,s
uqyqKf;ys j¾.M,h 231'04 cm2 kï ux;Srefõ È. yd m<, fldmuK o@

ñY% wNHdih
1' w.h oYuia:dk follg ksjerÈ j fidhkak'

2' RcqfldaKdi%dldr ìul È. yd m<, ms<sfj,ska 25 m yd 12 m fõ' ìfuys

tla uq,a,l isák <ufhl=g m%;súreoaO uq,a,g hdug .uka l< hq;= wju ÿr
wdikak ógrhg fidhkak'
3' iuoaúmdo RcqfldaKsl ;%sfldaKhl l¾Kfha È. fikaáógr 12 la kï b;sß
mdohl È. fidhkak ^ms<s;=r oYu ia:dk follg ksjerÈj olajkak&'
4' 9" 16" 25" ''' ixLHd rgdfjys 729 jkafka lSjk moh o@

22