Segment Routing
GTER 42 – São Paulo
Alvaro Retana (aretana@[Link])
Distinguished Engineer
GTER 42
Agenda
• Technology Overview
• Use Cases
• Control and Data Plane
• Conclusions
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Segment Routing
• Source Routing
• the source chooses a path and encodes it in the packet header as an
ordered list of segments
• the rest of the network executes the encoded instructions without any further
per-flow state
• Segment: an identifier for any type of instruction
• forwarding or service
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IGP Prefix Segment
• Shortest-path to the IGP prefix
• Global
12
• 16000 + Index
10
2 4
• Signaled by ISIS/OSPF
1
7
13 16005
3 6 5
11
14
DC (BGP-SR) WAN (IGP-SR) PEER
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IGP Adjacency Segment
• Forward on the IGP adjacency
• Local
12 124
• 1XY
10
• X is the “from” 2 4
• Y is the “to”
1
7
• Signaled by ISIS/OSPF 13
3 6 5
11
14
DC (BGP-SR) WAN (IGP-SR) PEER
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BGP Prefix Segment
• Shortest-path to the BGP prefix
• Global 16001
12
• 16000 + Index
10
2 4
• Signaled by BGP
1
7
13
3 6 5
11
14
DC (BGP-SR) WAN (IGP-SR) PEER
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BGP Peering Segment
• Forward to the BGP
peer
• Local 12 147 Low Lat,
10 Low BW
• 1XY 2 4
• X is the “from”
1
• Y is the “to” 7
13
• Signaled by BGP-LS
3 6 5
(topology information) High Lat, High BW
to the controller 11
14
DC (BGP-SR) WAN (IGP-SR) PEER
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WAN Controller
BGP-LS
• WAE collects via BGP-LS BGP-LS
• IGP segments
BGP-LS
• BGP segments
• Topology 12
10
2 4
Low Lat, Low BW
1
7
13
3 6 5
11
14
DC (BGP-SR) WAN (IGP-SR) PEER
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An end-to-end path as a list of segments
PCEP, Netconf,
BGP
• WAE computes that
the green path can be
encoded as
• 16001 12
{16001,
16002 16002, 10
•
124, 2 50
4
Low Lat, Low BW
• 124 147}
1
• 147 7
13
• WAE programs a
single per-flow state 3 6 5
to create an
11
application-
engineered end-to- 14
Default ISIS cost metric: 10
end policy DC (BGP-SR) WAN (IGP-SR) PEER
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Segment Routing Standardization
Sample IETF Documents
Segment Routing Architecture
• IETF standardization in SPRING (draft-ietf-spring-segment-routing)
Problem Statement and Requirements
• working group (draft-ietf-spring-problem-statement)
IPv6 SPRING Use Cases
• Protocol extensions progressing in (draft-ietf-spring-ipv6-use-cases)
multiple groups Segment Routing Use Cases
(draft-filsfils-spring-segment-routing-use-cases)
• IS-IS Topology Independent Fast Reroute using Segment Routing
(draft-francois-spring-segment-routing-ti-lfa)
• OSPF
IS-IS Extensions for Segment Routing
• PCE (draft-ietf-isis-segment-routing-extensions)
• IDR OSPF Extensions for Segment Routing
(draft-ietf-ospf-segment-routing-extensions)
• 6MAN PCEP Extensions for Segment Routing
(draft-ietf-pce-segment-routing)
• Broad vendor and customer support
• Close to© 2016
30Cisco
IETF drafts in progress
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Use Cases
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16007
IPv4/6 VPN/Service transport vpn
pkt
• IGP only
2 3 vpn
• No LDP, no RSVP-TE
pkt
• ECMP
1 4 7
pkt
pkt
6 5
Site1 Site2
16007
vpn
pkt
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Seamless interworking with LDP 16007
vpn
• Seamless deployment pkt LDP(7)
vpn
2 3 vpn
pkt
pkt
1 4 7
pkt
pkt
6 5
Site1 Site2
16007
vpn
pkt
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Topology-Independent LFA (TI-LFA FRR)
• 50msec FRR in any topology
7
• IGP Automated
2 3
• No LDP, no RSVP-TE 16007
• Optimum pkt
1 4
• Post-convergence path
• No midpoint backup state 16007
6 5
• Detailed operator report pkt
• S. Litkowski, B. Decraene, Orange
16005
• Mate Design 16007
• How many backup segments
pkt
• Capacity analysis
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Automated Traffic Matrix Collection
1 2 3 4
• Traffic Matrix is fundamental for 2
• capacity planning 3
• centralized traffic engineering 4
• IP/Optical optimization
2
• Most operators do not have an
accurate traffic matrix
• With SR, the traffic matrix 1 3
collection is automated
4
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Optimized Content Delivery
7
AS7
• On a per-content, per-user basis,
the content delivery application
can engineer 16003 5 6
• the path within the AS 16002 AS5 AS6
• the selected border router 126
• the selected peer pkt
1 2
• Also applicable for engineering
egress traffic from DC to peer
• BGP Prefix and Peering Segments
4 3
AS1
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Application Engineered Routing
Low-Latency to 7
for application A12
PeerSID: 147, Low Lat, Low BW
• Per-application PeerSID: 147, High Lat, High BW
flow engineering Low-Lat to 4
BSID: 200
• End-to-End
12
• DC, WAN, AGG, PEER
10 ISIS: 35
Push
2 4
Low Lat, Low BW
• Millions of flows {16001,
200, 147}
• No signaling 1
200: pop
and push
7
• No midpoint state 13 {16002,
16004}
• No reclassification at
boundaries 3 6 5
11
Default ISIS cost metric: 10
14 Default Latency metric: 10
DC (or AGG) WAN PEER
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A Closer look to Control and
Data Plane
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MPLS Control and Forwarding Operation with Segment
Routing
Services
BGP / LDP
No changes to
IPv4 IPv6
PE1 PE2 IPv4 IPv6 VPN VPN VPWS VPLS control or
forwarding plane
Packet
Transport LDP RSVP Static BGP IS-IS OSPF IGP label
distribution for IPv4
PE1 IGP PE2
and IPv6, same
MPLS Forwarding
forwarding plane
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SID Encoding
• Prefix SID
• SID encoded as an index SR-enabled Node
• Index represents an offset from SRGB base
• Index globally unique
• SRGB may vary across LSRs
• SRGB (base and range) advertised with
router capabilities SRGB = [ 16000 - 23999 ]. Advertised as base = 16,000, range = 7,999
Prefix SID = 16041. Advertised as Prefix SID Index = 41
• Adjacency SID Adjacency SID = 24000. Advertised as Adjacency SID = 24000
• SID encoded as absolute (i.e. not indexed)
value
• Locally significant
• Automatically allocated for each adjacency
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MPLS Data Plane Operation (Prefix SID)
SRGB [16,000 – 23,999 ] SRGB [16,000 – 23,999 ] SRGB [26,000 – 23,999 ] SRGB [16,000 – 23,999 ]
A B C D Loopback X.X.X.X
Prefix SID Index = 41
Push Swap Pop Pop
Push
16041 26041
VPN Label VPN Label VPN Label
Payload Payload Payload Payload Payload
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MPLS Data Plane Operation (Adjacency SIDs)
MPLS Label Range MPLS Label Range MPLS Label Range MPLS Label Range
[ 24000– 265535 ] [ 24000– 265535 ] [ 24000– 265535 ] [ 24000– 265535 ]
A B C D
Adjacency Adjacency Adjacency
SID = 24010 SID = 24000 SID = 24000
Push Pop Pop Pop
Push
Push 24000
24000 24000
24000
VPN Label VPN
VPNLabel
Label VPN
VPNLabel
Label
Payload Payload Payload Payload Payload
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MPLS LFIB with Segment Routing
PE PE
• LFIB populated by IGP (ISIS / PE PE
OSPF)
PE PE
P
• Forwarding table remains PE PE
constant (Nodes + Adjacencies)
regardless of number of paths In Out Out
Label Label Interface
• Other protocols (LDP, RSVP, Network
L1
L2
L1
L2
Intf1
Intf1
Node
BGP) can still program LFIB Segment Ids … … …
Forwarding
table remains
L8 L8 Intf4 constant
L9 L9 Intf2
Node L10 Pop Intf2
Adjacency … … …
Segment Ids
Ln Pop Intf5
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Conclusion
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Conclusion
• Simple routing extensions to implement source routing
• Packet path determined by prepended segment identifiers (one or
more)
• Data plane agnostic (MPLS, IPv6)
• Network scalability and agility by reducing network state and
simplifying control plane
• Traffic protection with 100% coverage with more optimal routing
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