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 Adapted from

Suction Measurement Techniques

Suction Principal Direct/ Range: kPa Equilibrium

Value# Usage Indirect Time

Vacuum Desiccator Total Lab. Indirect 103-106 Months

Psychrometer Total Field Indirect 300-7000 Months
Filter Paper Total Field Indirect 1000-30000 Weeks
Matrix Lab. Indirect 30-30000 1 week
Porous Block Matrix Field Indirect 30-3000 Weeks
Thermal Block Matrix Field Indirect 0-175 Days
Suction Plate Matrix Lab. Direct 0-90 Hours
Tensiometer Matrix Field Direct 0-90 Hours
Pressure Plate Matrix Lab. Direct 0-5000 Hours
Osmotic Tensiometer Matrix Field Direct 0-1500 Days

# As defined by Aitchison and Richards (1965).

High Air Pressure u

b a

Soil Sample
S = - uw O Ring Seal uw
1 Bar Pressure
(Air Entry) Transducer
Ceramic Flushing
Negative 15 Bar
Pressure (Air Entry) Ceramic Air Trap
Pump
Water Reservoir
Water Reservoir
Tensiometer-Suction Plate
S = ua - uw

Direct Measurement of Soil Suction: a) Tensiometer; b) Pressure Plate Apparatus

Entran Ltd EPX series Scale of mm

Electronic Pressure Transducer 0 5

Stainless
Steel Sheath

15 Bar Electrical
The New Instrument
Ceramic connection

Water Reservoir Thread

O Ring Seal

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adapted from:
Adapted from

Two Filter Papers

(noncontact) } Total
Container

Soil Perforated Disk

Three Filter
Papers (Contact) } Matric

Contact and noncontact filter paper methods for measuring matric and total
suction, respectively.

pF
1000000
100000 6

10000 5
Calibration line
Suction (kPa)

1000 4 Saturated salt solutions

Pressure membrane
100 3
Pressure plate
10 2 Height above water table
data points
1 1
0.1 0
0 50 100 150 200
Water Content of Filter Paper, wf (%)

A typical calibration curve showing measured filter paper water contents for
applied suctions.

Figure by MIT OCW.

1000000 10000

Log suction (kPa) = 5.327 - 0.0779 wf

100000 1000

Log suction (kPa) = 5.056 - 0.0688 wf 100

10000
Suction (atmospheres)
Suction (kPa)

1000 10
Log suction (kPa) =
100 2.412 - 0.0135 wf 1.0

10 0.1
Log suction (kPa) = 1.882 - 0.0102 wf

1.0 0.01

0.1 0.001
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Filter Paper Water Content, wf (%)

Whatman no. 42 (Fawcett and Collis-George, 1967)

Schleicher and Schuell no. 589 (McQueen and Miller, 1968)

Calibration Curves for Two Types of Filter Paper

Figure by MIT OCW.