Chapter 2

Reviews of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter includes the ideas, finished thesis, generalization or conclusions,

methodologies and others. Those that were included in this chapter helps in

familiarizing information that are relevant and similar to the present study.

Related Literature

Local

According to Aquino (2005), importance of computer application is increasing day

by day. In the latest decades of the Millennium winning organization are those which are

willing to integrate business strategy and computer information technology in plying their

respective trades. The use of computer information technology results for them to be

able to develop products fast and make decisions fast, ability to have fluid organization

structures, able to cope with the demanding work force and external environment by the

rapid development of innovative approaches and lastly using information system

confirms the company‟s mission vision.

Schools use information systems in the way of implementing an enrolment

system. This results for them to attract enrolees and earn an income. Enrollees are

attracted because the use of the said system makes the transactions faster and easier.

“Lack of enrolment system in schools can lead to chaos and troubles”, as stated

by Ace Adrian (2011). Students will be confused on what they should do to be able to

enroll that is why such systems is extremely useful in the way that it gives an ease on
working on enrolment processes. Enrollment is very useful in retrieving vital information

of the students. Without it can lead difficulty both for the administration of school and

student in enrollment processes.

Many countries nowadays, especially the developing nations are challenged by

the rapid technological changes. This has radically changed the living and working

styles of the entire society. This transformation has been driven partly by rapid

technological innovation. While in the 20th century saw the rise of the industrial

revolution with steam-powered machines intensifying and expanding human productive

power, the 21thcentury was characterized by the birth of machine-powered flight and

the emergence of broadcasting and computer technologies the extend the reach of

human creativity even more and made possible new ways by which humans could live

and work together (Tinio, 2002).

The transformation of manual enrollment transaction to automated and now into

a web based automation is one example of what has driven partly by the rapid

technological innovation. Any ways just to make work easier and faster like enrollment

transactions is possible with the emergence of computer technologies.

Technology innovation had influenced man’s work from data processing,

business transaction, research, planning, monitoring and even in medical

3. 14 operation on human anatomy are now entrusted to computer technology. Web

applications are popular due to ubiquity of its applications. The ability to update and

maintain web applications without distributing and installing software on potentially

thousands of client computers are key reasons for its popularity. A significant advantage

of building web applications to support a standard browser feature is the ability to

(Bacala&Reanno, 2009).

A web-based enrolment system has featured that meet most of academic

institutions system’s needs and requirements. This includes standardized modules for

student registration, enrolment, grade management, and other modules that are

deemed necessary to operate a school.

Foreign

According to Jennifer Rowley (2005), information systems are a tool to support

information management. Information systems are increasingly being used in

organizations with the objective of providing competitive advantage. The information

systems used by organizations can be grouped into different types such as transaction

processing system, management information system, decision support system,

executive information system, expert systems and office information system.

Information Technology has heralded the advent of the information society. The

information society may be a “virtual society”. The concepts of the electronic classroom,

the electronic office and electronic library have been explored. Information system

poses a number of issues on society in general, including: changing employment

patterns, archiving, and bibliographic control, security and data protection, intellectual

property, marketplace issues and access.

An enrollment system is basically included in one of the classification of

information system that is stated by the author, thus it serves a tool to support

information management with regards to the student data, enrolment fees information
and other with a connection to the enrolment process. Every school gain competitive

advantage of having this system for they will have the capacity on handling important

information at ease and with security.

The iterative implementation approach is a theory that eliminates problems of

using a waterfall study. This is invented to avoid a linear and sequential development of

study. The overall functionality of the system is broken down into feature sets. These

features sets often based upon use cases from the analysis stage, containing group of

individual features that are related, typically by a functional area (Stephen McHenry,

2010).

WAMP5 (WAMP means Windows Apache Mysql PHP) is a platform of Web

development under Windows. It allows you to develop dynamic Web sites with Apache

server, PHP5 script language, and the database of MySQL release 5. It also possesses

PHP MyAdmin and SQLite manager to manage more easily your databases.

Windows 7 is an operating system produced by Microsoft for use on personal

computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, netbooks, tablet PCs, and

media center PCs. It was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009, and became

generally available for retail worldwide on October 22, 2009, less than three years after

the release of its predecessor, Windows Vista. Windows 7's server counterpart,

Windows Server 2008 R2, was released at the same time. Windows 7 is succeeded by

Windows 8.

Adopting the theory of Stephen McHenry which is known as the iterative

implementation covers the breakdown of overall functionality of the system to a what he

called feature set and those feature sets represents different process involve in an
enrollment system. It helps locate what feature an enrollment system will have since

that this kind of systems does many activities and processes.

According to Dunn and Scott (2005), science and technology is the root of

emerging innovations in this world. For many years now, a person in this field of

expertise does not stop to reshape the landscape of today’s business world.

Enrollment system has made huge impact into the school arena. It is a system

that is built on innovative program strategies. It is a system that will help both the

enrollment personnel-in-charge and the students to easily process the enrollment at a

lesser time. Distinct from traditional enrollment, LAN enrollment system process large

assortment of student records and provides efficient and consistent information

services.

As stated by Holmes (2006), “The Internet is neither an extraordinary

communication tool nor revolutionary. It simply represents the current stage in the

development of human capabilities through written language, which itself derived from

the spoken form.” That statement only shows that advancement in modern technology

is at their highest peak. Nowadays, Web-based applications are widely used due to their

ubiquity.

Web-based enrollment system is currently emerging on markets for they are

offering transaction convenience and service efficiency through the use of Internet. This

system becomes a powerful tool in dealing with information management regarding

enrollment transactions.

According to Forman(2007), continuing innovation in technologies can lead to

organizational changes that range from improvement of day to day operation and for
easy access it provides for the end users. Many schools today have adapted this

innovation in offering of their services.

Related Studies

Local

Based on the researcher, a web-based enrolment system for Veritas Parochial School

(VPS) in Manila was developed to help its students enroll in a more efficient way without

the hassles of waiting long hours in filling out forms, which sometimes become

redundant, or to stand in line and pay at the cashier. It is with the Web-based Enrolment

System for VPS that this new style of enrolment may be achieved. This new type of

system offers its students new options for enrolling at VPS. By logging on to VPS

website, one can register and enroll subjects for a school year. With these, all the

students are required to fill out certain forms that do not take more than a few minutes

to accomplish. The system stores its records in the school database for future

references. Confirmation of the transaction made by the students need to be verified,

the payment of tuition fees must be made in the school’s registrar. The students may

also browse the web site of VPS and he can check his current account. He can also

refer to the list of the school current tuition fee rates (Pascual&Riceo, 2008).

According to the project study in 2005 by Mr. Lopez, an enrolment system help

and provide efficient and reliable services to the students, enrolment personnel and

administration. Moreover, this system improved the process of enrolment in terms of

searching, retrieving and subject schedules.

system of Cavite Maritime Institute in order to advance an organized flow of transaction

and an ease of work concerned on how the manual enrolment performs throughout the

institution’s operations. The numerous transactions that the manual system covers,

such as updating and adding student records, generating the advising and assessment

slips, and the like considering the manual operating system to be inefficient for the need

of the institution. Since the study involves proper record handling, tracing the constraints

and evaluation of the manual system isessential(Bacala and Reano, 2009).

In educational institutions like Harvent School in Dagupan City, Composed of

elementary and high school level. The school puts premium to its registration. The

enrollment process is the initial stage in gathering bon fide and accurate student

information necessary to establish student permanent records. A registration and billing

system is needed by the institution to address the stated situation. The study has been

made to help Harvent School gather fast and deliver accurate information (Calabozo&

Fernandez, 2006).

In a study conducted by Cayabyab (2007), many problems and difficulties were

identified in the existing system of Dagupan City National High School (DCNHS). These

major concerns are affecting the efficient enrolment system of students. Security of the

students records were found to be at high risk. The current system may fail to protect

some important documents. It has also untimely and inefficient report generation. A

computerized system for DCNHS shall result to a significant increase in the number of

enrollees.
Foreign

Southern California Community College Long Beach City College has gone live

with a Cognos-based enrolment management system that was designed by Irvine, CA-

based professional services firm e2e Analytics. Prior to installing the new system,

LBCC, which has two main campuses and multiple satellites that support nine schools

and 34 departments, handled its enrolment via manual spread sheets. With no

reporting, continuity, or standard practices, and with lengthy error corrections, the

school’s enrolment management budgeting and planning took up to three months to

compile, consolidate, and implement (Koft 2007).

The study on problems regarding on school such as the Long Beach City College

is an aid for the proponents to have the idea on formulating solutions on transferring

manual enrollment transactions to an automated or computerized one.

According to the coordinator of Admission Support of Kerian Greenaway, the

system known as the Edith Cowan University Web Enrollment System (ECUWES) had

replaced the traditional hard copy system of enrollment. The system offers immediacy

and convenience of course enrolment via the internet. The said university in Australia is

currently enrolling more than 5,000 new students with easier transactions cause of their

online enrolment system. In the local setting, academic institutions both the private and

government schools are shifting from manual to computerized system including student

registration. This is accomplished either on an intranet or internet-based environment.

The desire to overcome these problems and difficulties has led the acceptance of

advanced technology. It includes Local Area Network of computers, CD ROM and

powerful processor. These technologies led to the development of information

In Local Area Network Enrollment System (LANES), the problems on admission and

evaluation of academic records, subject reservation, assessment and payment of fees

and issuance of class cards are besieged. Likewise, searching of records is effective

due to its major key that is being used in retrieval of records.

A Local Area Network Enrollment System (LANES) is a broad system. It is a

combination of different function areas such as databases, searching, retrieval, and

update of student records, checking of student’s schedule, computation of fees.

(Dzubeck, Frank, 2003).

Inspired by the advancement of modern technology and the problems regarding

enrollment transactions the proponents have come up with an online enrollment system

exclusively for school with many enrollees. Several factors are considered in designing

the proposed system. First is the tedious task of filling out application forms and

inaccuracies of information provided by the students that cause delay on the enrollment

process. Other is that there were problems on giving and announcing schedules of

enrollees and cause for them to be late at their very first class.

The researchers gathered data necessary in the enrollment system for the

success of the study in providing benefit for the employees and students so they can

have access and have the ability to manage information directly and conveniently.
Conceptual Model of the Study

INPUTPROCESSOUTPUT

Knowledge
Requirements
a. Enrollment
Pocess System
b. Database Requirements
System a. Requirement
Software Analysis
Requirements b. Requirement
a. WAMP s
ONLINE
Server 2.2 Description/
ENROLLMENT SYTEM
b. Dreamweave Definition
WITH CLASS SECTION
r System Design
AND STUDENT
c. MySQL a. Context Flow
SORTING
d. PHP Diagram
GENERATOR FROM
MyAdmin b. Data Flow
ST. THOMAS MORE
e. Operating Diagram
ACADEMY
System
Windows 7 System Testing
(Recommend a. Alpha Testing
ed) b. Beta Testing
Hardware c. Pilot Testing
Requirements

a. Computer
b. Minimum
Specs

EVALUATION

Figure 1. Conceptual Model of the Study