Anaesthesia Questions

Dr. Farzan Syed, Dr. Jai Prakash Gupta

 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

Contents Page
Regional Anaesthesia & Pain Management 03

General Anaesthesia 08

Central Nervous System & NMD 11

Respiratory System 16

Cardiovascular System 21

Hepatic + GIT + Endocrines 30

Renal System 35

Hematology 38

Fluid & Electrolytes 40

Obstetrics 41

Paediatrics & Geriatrics 44

ENT, Ophthalmology, Orthopaedics & Dental 48

Intensive Care Unit 50

Physics, Machines & Instruments 55

History 60

Monitoring 61

Miscellaneous 62

Drugs 65

Dr. Farzan Syed, Dr. Jai Prakash Gupta

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

Regional Anaesthesia & Pain Management

Main Questions:-

1. Discuss the role of anaesthetist in the management of chronic pain in

cancer patients.
2. Describe the anatomy of the lumbar vertebra & epidural space,
mechanism of action of LA injected into epidural space
3. Describe the anatomy of epidural space & methods to identify space &
hazards of epidural anaesthesia.
4. Peadiatric caudal epidural block
5. Describe the anatomy of stellate ganglion & discuss the indication,
technique & complications of SG block.
6. Mechanism of action, technique, advantages & complications of IVRA.
7. With the help of diagram, describe the formation of brachial plexus.
Describe one method of performing brachial plexus block.
8. Discuss the modalities of pain management with inoperable carcinoma
of head of pancreas.
9. Describe nerve supply of face. How will you block nerves for the intra-
ocular surgery? What are the likely complications?
[Link] is Pain Clinic? Role of anaesthetist in a pain clinic, equipment
needed?
[Link] the courses of typical intercostal nerve with diaphragm. Discuss
the technique, indications, and complications of intercostals block.
[Link] the course of trigeminal nerve & its branches. Describe the
indications, methods & complications of mandibular nerve block.
[Link] various complications that can occur after spinal anaesthesia &
their management.
[Link] various techniques of post-op pain relief.
[Link] a cross section of spinal cord displaying tracts & receptor sites.
Describe pharmacology &pharmacodynamics of spinal opiods.
[Link] the anatomy of pain pathway with reference to methods used
to relieve pain.
[Link] the anatomy of lumbar vertebrae and epidural space. Discuss in
detail cerebral blood flow and metabolism.
[Link] the anatomy of stellate ganglion. Describe the techniques of
stellate ganglion block. What are the indications and complications?

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] an intercostal nerve supplying anterior abdominal wall. Outline

the method of block and management for an upper abdominal
operation.
[Link] analgesic techniques for control of pain following thoracotomy.
[Link] the anatomy of epidural space and methods to identify the
space. Anatomy and nerve supply of upper arm. What are the sites at
which nerve blocks can be achieved and their related areas of analgesia?
[Link] the tongue and its nerve supply; Give your technique of nerve
block for pain sensation in case of a carcinoma in the anterior part of the
tongue leaving the taste sensation intact.
[Link] various anaesthetic techniques that can be used for
reconstructive surgery of forearm.
[Link] an account of the anatomy of diaphragm.
[Link] the immediate and late complications of spinal anaesthesia.
Discuss how you can prevent and treat them.
[Link] the peripheral nerve injuries likely to occur due to faulty
positioning.

Short Notes:

1. Acute post-op pain

2. Tests for sympathetic function
3. Cervical plexus block
4. Gausserian ganglion block
5. IVRA
6. Brachial Plexus Block
7. Regional techniques for reduction of Colles #
8. Regional nerve block for herniorapphy
9. Inguinal hernia block.
[Link] block
[Link] relief for CA Tongue.
[Link] blocks for tonsillectomy.
[Link] plexus block.
[Link]’s block.
[Link] anaesthesia for day care surgery
16. Regional analgesic technique for control of pain following
thoracotomy

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] Analgesia.
[Link] morphine for cancer pain.
[Link] controlled analgesia.
[Link] equine syndrome.
[Link] anaesthesia.
[Link] Epidural analgesia.
[Link]’s law & its application.
[Link] pain in post op period.
[Link] controlled theory of pain.
[Link] epidural analgesia.
[Link] nerve block.
[Link] op analgesia.
[Link] anaesthesia
[Link] cream
[Link] neuralgia.
[Link] function changes following central neuraxial block.
[Link] of cubital fossa important to anaesthetist.
[Link] in chronic pain.
[Link] opiods.
[Link] block.
[Link] Anaesthesia for children.
[Link] nerve block.
[Link] nerve block.
[Link] clinic organizing and uses.
[Link] pathway.
[Link] assessment in paediatrics.
[Link].
[Link]-emptive analgesia.
[Link] relief in paediatric patients – methods.
[Link] of action of acupuncture.
[Link] shock
[Link] block
[Link] cranial course of mandibular nerve & methods of blocking it.
[Link] vomiting & Hiccup, causes, mechanism & management.
[Link] supply of foot. & ankle block
[Link] block

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] post herpetic neuralgia pain management.

[Link] concepts about cervical epidural analgesia (anaesthesia).
[Link] in one block.
[Link] cervical block.
[Link] nerve block.
[Link] clavicular brachial plexus block.
[Link] regional pain syndrome.
[Link] affecting the level of SAB.
[Link] pain syndrome.
[Link] needles.
[Link] Sheath block.
[Link] of identifying epidural space.
[Link] analgesic techniques for control of pain following
thoracotomy.
[Link] of stellate ganglion block and its uses.
[Link] is the fate of drug given for extradural anaesthesia?
[Link] are the therapeutic uses of extradural block and likely
complications met with it?
[Link] plexus and its block by axillary approach.
[Link] the historical milestones leading to present status of spinal
analgesia.
[Link] epidural narcotics.
[Link] plexus block and Paravertebral block.
[Link] plexus block.
[Link] sympathetic trunk.
[Link], femoral, obturator block or thigh block.
[Link] spinal headache.
[Link] block.
[Link] relief for CA Tongue.
[Link].
[Link] caval occlusion syndrome.
[Link] changes following a spinal analgesia.
[Link] the venous drainage of the arm. What is the important of
the knowledge in anaesthesia.
[Link] analgesia.
[Link] laryngeal nerve.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] for cleft lip.

[Link].
[Link] receptor.
[Link].
[Link] technique for hernia surgery.
[Link] spinal and epidural block.
[Link] blocks for tonsillectomy.
[Link] block.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

General Anaesthesia
Main Questions:

1. Describe the anatomy of larynx. Discuss the effects of damage to

recurrent laryngeal nerves, vocal cord palsies & importance.
2. Describe the term “Total intravenous anaesthesia” (TIVA). Write in brief
about any one drug for it.
3. Describe invasive & noninvasive monitoring during anaesthesia. Discuss
complications associated with invasive monitoring.
4. How do you assess airway & write in detail about anaesthetic
management of a case of suspected difficult intubation for abdominal
operation?
5. Describe the physiology of vomiting. Discuss various ways of preventing
post operative nausea & vomiting.
6. Brief the indications of endotracheal intubation. Discuss the preoperative
evaluation of the patient with difficult airway.
7. Discuss the causes of convulsions in anaesthesia. How will you prevent &
manage such cases.
8. Discuss anaesthetic management of a 50yr old pt undergoing block
dissection for oral malignancy.
9. Enumerate different causes of hypoxemia in perioperative period. Give
their pathophysiology & Treatment.
[Link] various causes of hypotension under anaesthesia & give in brief
the principles of management in each case.
[Link] hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy & intubation in
normal & hypertensive pt. enumerate various techniques to control
them.
[Link] is awareness under anaesthesia? Describe in brief various means
to overcome this problem.
[Link] anaesthetic considerations for daycare surgery.
[Link] the physiological changes and complications involved with
various positions during anaesthesia. R
[Link] is anaesthesia OPD? How will you organize anaesthesia OPD?
Mention the merit & demerits.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] the allergic reactions occurring during anaesthesia & discuss how
do you treat such a case during anaesthesia & immediate post-op
period?
[Link] is temperature regulation maintained in the body? Describe the
various methods of induced hypothermia. Discuss their merits &
demerits.
[Link] is body temperature regulated? What are the causes of raised
temperature during anaesthesia? How will you manage?
[Link] the merits & demerits of organizing assessment clinic in a big
hospital for pre-op cases.
[Link] & post- op hyperthermia.
[Link] the effects of hyperpyrexia on various systems. What way it is
important for anaesthesia.
[Link] the pathophysiology of syndrome resulting from pulmonary
aspiration. Write in brief the methods of prevention & management.
[Link], distribution & elimination of volatile anaesthetic drugs.
[Link] in account of varios muscles of larynx. Briefly describe their nerve
supply & blood supply. Mention nerve palsies.
25.A case of carcinoma larynx for total laryngectomy. Describe anaesthetic
management.
[Link] do you plan a pain clinic & pain therapy wards? What are the
equipment you need & how?

Short Notes:
1. Intraoperative causes and management of HTN.
2. Hypotensive anaesthesia technique.
3. Anaesthesia in sitting position.
4. Day care anaesthesia.
5. Monitored anaesthesia care.
6. Discharge criteria for out-patient anaesthesia.
7. High frequency jet ventilation.
8. Ventilating bronchoscope.
9. Balanced anaesthesia.
[Link] anaesthesia.
[Link] in dental surgery.
[Link] of four stimulation.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] tracheostomy.
[Link] intubation.
[Link] intubation drill.
[Link] intubation.
[Link] of prolonged endotracheal intubation.
[Link] of laryngeal reflexes.
[Link] of airway.
[Link] classification of physical status.
[Link] arrest during anaesthesia.
[Link] of smoking in relation to anaesthesia.
[Link].
[Link]-operative convulsions.
[Link] prophylaxis.
[Link] reactions during anaesthesia.
[Link] of pressor response.
[Link], signs 7 management of bronchospasm.
[Link] ventilation.
[Link]-conventional methods of intubation.
[Link] nasal intubation.
[Link] analogue scale.
[Link] index state (BIS).
[Link] for assessing recovery after anaesthesia.
[Link] oxygen technique.
[Link], ways of prevention.
[Link]’s Maneuver.
[Link] in anaesthesia, epidemiology & pathophysiology.
[Link] tracking in anaesthesia.
[Link] for cancer patients.
[Link]’s Technique.
[Link] diagnosis & management of post-op apnea.
[Link] altitude anaesthesia.
[Link] sedation.
[Link] recovery.
[Link] gauge.
[Link] & detonators as related to anaesthesia.
[Link] oesophageal sphincter.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link]’s reaction.
[Link] action potential.
[Link]-mandibular ankylosis.
[Link] anaesthetic techniques for micro laryngeal surgery.
[Link] transmission monitoring.
[Link] apnea syndrome.
[Link]’s classification of airway assessment.
[Link]-track eligibility after ambulatory anaesthesia.
[Link] intubation.
[Link] effects.
[Link] & demerits of various gases used for laparoscopic surgery.
[Link] is humidification? Describe various methods used to humidify
inspired gases.
[Link] maneuver.
62. Various methods of O2 administration.
[Link] tracheostomy.
[Link] of laryngeal changes following prolonged intubation.
[Link] hypercapnia.
[Link] implications of laser surgery of larynx.
[Link] of ↑ intra op bleeding. Describe the technique to prevent excess
bleeding.
[Link] allergy.
[Link] supply of nasal cavity & method of sensory block.
[Link] apnea during anaesthesia.
[Link] tug.
[Link] of PAC.
[Link] of induction agent.
[Link] SIRS. Prospects for future pharmacotherapy in SIRS.
[Link] anaesthetic record.
[Link] of anaesthesia.
[Link] recovery score.
[Link] pain syndrome.
[Link] Tracheal Lumen Airway (PTLA).
[Link] guidelines for adults & children, infants & neonates.
[Link] Mallampati

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

Central Nervous System & NMD

Main Questions:

1. Describe the perioperative anaesthetic management in an adult for

posterior fossa surgery.
2. Describe cerebral circulation & management of a case of meningioma
posted for neurosurgery.
3. Discuss the intracranial pressure & its significance. Enumerate all the
methods of controlling ICP.
4. Discuss in detail cerebral blood flow & metabolism.
5. Describe the effects of anaesthetic drugs & techniques on intracranial
tension. Write in brief, the treatment of raised ICT.
6. Give principles of management for a case of poly trauma pt. How will
you manage such a pt for drainage of extradural hematoma.
7. A 25 yr old unconscious pt suspected to have subdural hematoma
posted for emergency craniotomy. Discuss the perioperative
anaesthetic management.
8. Describe the autonomic nervous system with a diagram. Discuss the
functions , problems with a pt of autonomic neuropathy.
9. Factors affecting cerebral blood flow.
[Link] the management of pt in coma.
[Link] the anaesthetic management of a pt with myasthenia gravis
posted for thymectomy.
[Link] death(including criteria & neurological tests)
[Link] the resuscitation of brain.
[Link] the anaesthetic problems in a pt posted for excision of
acoustic neuroma.
[Link] the help of a diagram, discuss the physiology of NMJ.
[Link] the physiology of neuromuscular transmission & various
types of neuromuscular block. How neuromuscular function is
monitored.
[Link] of sympathetic nervous system & its distribution &
functions.
18.A 50 yr old pt has closed head injury with a GCS score of 6. How do
you manage for a sub-dural hematoma?

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] the anaesthetic problems & management for surgery of

cerebral aneurysm.
[Link] the pharmacology of sympathomimetic drugs. Review the
recent advances in their employment.
[Link] the factors regulating cerebral blood flow and effects of
various drugs and techniques used during anaesthesia,
[Link] blood supply to the brain. Write briefly how the qualitative
and quantitative knowledge of this is important for anaesthetist.
[Link] the physiological and pharmacological considerations while
anaesthesia for neurosurgical cases is being administered.
[Link] the management of a case of polyneuritis.
[Link] the pre-operative evaluation, anaesthetic management of a
case of a patient on psychotropic drug. Briefly mention the drug
interactions, problems in this patient if they come for obstetrical
surgical procedures.
[Link] the principles and merits of position, drug therapy, choice of
anaesthetic technique and circuits and monitoring for post cranial
fossa surgery in an adult.
[Link] for carotid endarterectomy.
[Link] the principles and merits of position, drug therapy, choice of
anesthetic technique and circuits and monitoring for post. Cranial
fossa surgery in an adult.
[Link] for ECT.
[Link] the causes of coma and describe the management of ana
unconscious patient.
31.A pt 60yrs of age, 3 days after a partial gastrectomy has become
drowsy, dehydrated and uremic; describe how you would manage
such a case.
[Link] the investigations & anaesthetic management of a case of
acoustic neuroma in an adult. What are the dangers associated with
sitting posture.
[Link] the anaesthetic management of a cerebellar tumour in a child
aged 10yrs.
[Link] the anatomy of a typical intercostal nerve. Mention the
various indications of intercostal nerve block.
[Link] nerve palsied occurring during anaesthesia.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] the anaesthetic problems in pts requiring neuro-surgical

investigations. Discuss the anaesthetic management of a case posted
for surgery of vascular tumor of brain.
37.A case of head injury, brought for emergency casualty, discuss the
problem and anaesthetic management.
[Link] the regulation of CSF production in human body, circulation,
physical & chemical characteristics and factors influencing height of
anaesthesia in intra-Dural block.
[Link] the neurological complications that may be produced in a pt
under GA. How can they be prevented?
[Link] the etiology, signs, symptoms and management of malignant
hyperpyrexia during and after anaesthesia.
[Link] the causes, diagnosis and management of convulsions during
anaesthesia.
[Link] the problem and anaesthetic management in paraplegia.
[Link] the clinical problems in a pt with head injury.
[Link] describe the anaesthetic management of sub dural hematoma
in unconscious patient.
[Link] neurological and ophthalmic complications of anaesthesia.
[Link] the anesthetic management of cerebral tumout excision in a
child aged 10 yrs.
[Link] the problems associated with meningo-myelocoele surgery.
[Link] the salient features of neuro muscular diseases and
myopathies and their importance to anaesthetist.
[Link] the critical case of guillian barre syndrome in adult pt.
[Link] the etiology, diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of DVT.

Short Notes:

1. Factors affecting cerebral blood flow.

2. Autoregulation of brain.
3. Cerebral Oedema.
4. Methods of reducing ICP.
5. Cerebral function monitoring.
6. Cerebral Steal Syndrome.
7. Blood Brain Barrier.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

8. Anti cerebral oedema measure.

9. Anti convulsant therapy.
[Link] burst stimulation.
[Link] management of pt with raised ICP.
[Link] spectral index.
[Link] protection.
[Link] action potential.
[Link]. Anaesthesia for ECT.
[Link] & management of Gullian Barre syndrome.
[Link] of different anaesthetic agents & techniques on CBF.
[Link] of nerve conduction.
[Link] sympathetic dystrophy.
[Link]’s triad.
[Link] auto-regulation, how is it affected in cerebral vascular disease?
Its anaesthetic implications.
[Link] blockade types.
23.Β-adrenergic receptors.
[Link] arachnoiditis.
[Link]-op convulsions.
[Link] Gravis.
[Link] syndrome.
[Link] anaesthetic concerns in myasthenia gravis.
[Link] Coma Scale.
[Link] of CBF under Anaesthesia.
[Link] protection after head injury.
[Link] System.
[Link] implications in congenital myopathic conditions.
[Link] somatosensory evoked potential & its uses,
[Link] to check functioning of sympathetic & parasympathetic nervous
system.
[Link] of ascending paralysis involving diaphragm.
[Link] anticholinergic syndrome.
[Link] sympathetic dystrophy.
[Link] of brain dead patient awaiting organ retrieval.
[Link] receptors.
[Link] affecting cerebral blood flow.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] of cerebral blood flow.

[Link] the anesthetic management of micro neuro surgery.
[Link] of intra cranial pressure.
[Link] barre syndrome.
[Link] the physiology of cerebral circulation.
[Link] inhibitors.
[Link] embolism as a complication in neurosurgery.
[Link],
[Link] monitoring methods.
[Link] a pharmacology of drugs used for neuroleptanalgesia,
[Link] anesthesia in neurosurgery.
[Link] for brain preservation.
[Link] death.
[Link] Epilepticus and role of anaesthesia.
[Link] regulation of brain.
[Link] embolism – causes and management.
[Link].
[Link] hyperpyrexia.
[Link].
[Link] for premedication.
[Link] of magnesium ions in the body.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

Respiratory System:
Main Questions:

1. Discuss how you prepare a 60yr old man with chronic bronchial asthma
for radical dissection of neck for malignant tumours of submandibular
gland. Discuss anaesthetic management & post op care.
2. Discuss the problems in management of broncopleural fistula posted for
surgery.
3. Describe the anatomy of bronchopulmonary segments with the help of a
diagram. Mention anaesthetic implications of b-p segments.
4. Discuss the physiology of one lung ventilation. Narrate in detail about
(double lumen) endobronchial tubes.
5. Write the aetiology, diagnosis & management of pulmonary edema.
6. Discuss in detail about pathophysiology, diagnosis & recent trends in
management of ARDS.
7. How do you evaluate, prepare & manage a pt with bronchial asthma
posted for inguinal herniorapphy.
8. Discuss in detail all the post- operative pulmonary complications. What
steps do you take for prevention, how do you manage.
9. Describe the O2 carriage in the blood and oxyhaemoglobin dissociation
curve. Discuss the factors affecting the oxyhaemoglobin relationship.
[Link] the preoperative evaluation, preparation & anaesthetic
management in a case of lower lobe bronchectasis for lower lobectomy.
[Link] O2 carriage to tissues.
[Link] in detail, pulmonary function test & their importance &
limitations. Outline the management of a 28yr old male employed in a
cotton mill for a right upper lobectomy.
[Link] the recent trends in “Respiratory therapy” & management to
prevent post-operative complications after major elective surgery.
[Link] the anaesthetic management in pt aged 40yrs, posted for
pneumonectomy, who is suffering from bronchiectasis.
[Link] asthmatic aged 45yrs treated with steroids is to have
cholecystectomy. Discuss the anaesthetic problems & their
management.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

16.A Person has sustained thoracic injury & blunt abdomen injury in a
vehicular accident & is posted for laparotomy. Discuss perioperative
management related to anaesthesia.
[Link] the importance of ventilation-perfusion ratio in lung function.
Write in brief its practical implications during inhalation anaesthesia.
[Link] anaesthetic considerations ina a pt of COPD.
[Link] the pathophysiology of syndrome resulting from pulmonary
aspiration. Write in brief the methods of prevention and management.
[Link] hyperbaric oxygen. Mention the indications & complications of
hyperbaric O2 therapy.
[Link] are the causes of venous air embolism? What diagnostic &
therapeutic steps should be taken if venous air embolism is suspected.
[Link] anesthetic problems & various techniques used for
microlaryngeal surgery.
[Link] the anatomy & trachea-bronchial tree.
[Link] anaesthetic management of patient with known history of
asthma for emergency laparotomy.
[Link] the management for a case of stab injury-chest, coming for
emergency surgery. Mention various post-op complications & treatment.
[Link] the etiology, C/F & diagnosis of bronchiectasis. How will you
investigate & prepare a case of bronchiectasis for surgery.
[Link] of CO2 in blood, effects of hypercapnia on CVS, RS & brain.
[Link] the anaesthetic management of a case of bronchopleural fistula
for removal of Left lower lobe. What are the likely complications?
[Link] the muscles of respiration & describe the mechanism of
respiration.
[Link] the role of central peripheral chemoreceptor in the regulation of
respiration.

Short Notes:

1. Bedside pulmonary function tests.

2. Dynamic lung function tests. R
3. Incentive spirometry.
4. Physiological dead space. R
5. Laplace law.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

6. Surfactant
7. Lung Compliance.
8. Functional Residual Capacity.
9. Closing Volume.
[Link] Resistance.
[Link] Venous O2 Tension
[Link]-Breur reflex.
[Link] embolism
[Link] pulmonary vasoconstriction.
[Link] embolism
[Link] of respiratory failure.
[Link] respiratory acidosis.
[Link] alkalosis.
[Link] Embolsim.
[Link] Hypertension.
[Link].
[Link] Therapy.
[Link] Toxicity.
[Link] flux. RR
25.O2 dissociation curve.
[Link] Effect + double Bohr Effect.
[Link] corporeal membrane oxygenation. (ECMO). R
[Link] hypoxia.
[Link] perfusion relationship.
[Link] Ventilation.
[Link] (peak expiratory flow rate)
[Link] lung concept in ARDS.
[Link] oxide.
[Link] of CO2 in anaesthesia practice.
[Link] space.
[Link] capacity of lungs.
[Link] gas co-efficient.
[Link] bronchoscope.
[Link] O2 technique.
[Link] respiration.
[Link] physiotherapy.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

42.2-3 DPG & oxygen flux.

[Link] air respiration.
[Link] monitoring on anaesthetic practice.
[Link] of smoking.
[Link] role in management of status asthmaticus.
[Link] of anaesthesia for bronchography on 6yr old pt.
[Link] fluid embolism.
[Link] ankylosis.
[Link] trauma & management.
[Link] of wet lung for surgery.
[Link] of anaesthesia on pulmonary functions.
[Link] of intra-op wheezing.
[Link] volume loop.
[Link] CO2 production, changes during anaesthesia.
[Link] drainage system.
[Link] changes during ippv.
[Link] types.
[Link]’s sign.
[Link] in a pt with COPD.
[Link] cascade & transport.
[Link] of smoking.
[Link] concepts of O2 therapy.
[Link] of oxygen dissociation curve in anesthesia. What is shift to
left?
[Link] chest.
[Link] Pneumothorax,
[Link]-op hypoxemia & management.
[Link] of wet lung before surgery.
[Link] drainage related to anaesthesia.
[Link] of tracheostomy.
[Link] tests of ventilation & their importance in pre-anaesthetic
assessment.
[Link] protection strategies.
[Link] to manage hypercarbia during anaesthesia.
[Link] of measuring CO2 tension of blood.
[Link] post op respiratory insufficiency.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] of hypercarbia & effect of hypercarbia on systems.

[Link] of respiration.
[Link] three legged stool of prethoracotomy respiratory assessment.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

Cardiovascular System
Main Questions:
1. Discuss the causes and management of intraoperative HTN.
2. Describe the anaesthetic management & problems in a pt with
mitral stenosis for LSCS (emergency).
3. Discuss common cardiac dysarrthmia & their management during
anaesthesia.
4. Discuss in detail, various causes of perioperative hypertension &
methods of management.
5. Pre-anaesthetic assessment & anaesthetic management in a pt
undergoing cholecystectomy, who has suffered from acute MI
three weeks ago.
6. Discuss the anaesthetic management of a hypertensive pt aged
60yrs having a BP of 220/130 mm of Hg. Outline the pre-operative
treatment & anaesthetic management.
7. Describe coronary circulation with diagram. Discuss various
investigations to know the effective cardiac function.
8. Discuss the various factors regulating the cardiac output. Describe
the methods used to assess cardiac output.
9. Discribe various anaesthetic problems in a cardiac pt posted for
non-cardiac surgery.
[Link] will you manage a case of mitral stenosis coming for closed
mitral valvotomy under anaesthesia. Enumerate intra & psot
operative complications.
[Link] the optimal preparation of a 50 yr old pt with chronic
stable angina for abdomino-perineal resection. Discuss intra &
post op management.
[Link] etiology, diagnosis & management of cardiac
dysarrthmias during anaesthesia.
[Link] is cardiac risk(Goldman cardiac risk index)? How do you
evaluate & what are the implications for anaesthetic practice?
[Link] is cardiac arrest? Discuss causes, management & post-op
care of a pt who has cardiac arrest during surgery.
[Link]: pathophysiology. Diagnosis & management.

Dr. Farzan Syed, Dr. Jai Prakash Gupta

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] will you anaesthetize a patient of 20yrs for PDA Ligation.

What are the pre-op assessment & post-op complications you
expect?
[Link] & outline the pharmacological techniques available for
induced hypotension. What are the complications of the
technique?
[Link] endocarditis- Clinical features, prophylaxis during
surgery.
[Link] Cardiomyopathy.
[Link] consideration in congenital cyanotic heart
disease. Anaesthetic management of TOF for Blalock’s shunt
surgery.
[Link]-op hypotension: causes & management.
22.A 50yr old pt is posted for abdominal aorta aneurismal clipping.
Discuss the plan & anaesthetic management.
[Link] an external defibrillator & the steps to perform
defibrillation. How does automated defibrillator differ from
conventional defibrillator?
[Link] in detail pre-op preparation, pathophysiology, C/F &
anaesthesia management of pt weighing 15kg posted for VSD
repair.
[Link] the anaesthetic problem & management of pt with IHD.
[Link] a diagram of normal pressure volume loop and discuss the
pathophysiology of aortic valvular lesions.
[Link] the ECG events of normal heart and discuss the various
abnormalities encountered in practice of anesthesiology.
[Link] an account of the blood supply, venous drainage and nerve
supply to the heart. Briefly discuss the factors that influence the
coronary circulation (Effects of anesthetics on coronary blood
flow)
[Link] the hemodynamics, clinical features, investigations and
anaesthetic management in a 25yr old man with PDA posted for
surgical correction.
[Link] problems of anaesthesia, management and postop care
of a case of constrictive pericarditis.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] does cyanotic pt differ from acyanotic heart pt with

regarding anaesthesia? Discuss your preoperative, operative and
post operative management of a case of TOF for surgery.
[Link] the types of artificial cardiac pacemakers. Describe pre-
operative evaluation and anaesthetic management of pts with
pacemaker.
[Link] the anaesthetic management of a 86yr male, who has had
an acute myocardial infarction 4 days ago with chronic bronchitis
and blood sugar is 500mg% for a related gangrene of Rt foot.
[Link] the etiology and management of constrictive pericarditis.
[Link] do you diagnose ‘Low cardiac output state’ in a surgical pt
who suffered intra operative cardiac arrest, discuss your role in
managing such a case?
[Link] the patho-physiology of extra-corporeal circulation.
Describe the post operative management of a case undergoing
open heart surgery,
[Link] the indications, complications and various methods of
producing hypotension during surgery, how do you monitor
deliberate hypotension.
[Link], clinical features, investigations and management
of 15yr old girl for ASD repair,
[Link] the anaesthetic management of Porto systemic shunt.
[Link] the measures to prevent the ischaemic myocardium
preoperatively when such a pt is posted for surgery. Describe the
course of technique of anaesthesia.
[Link] the preoperative assessment, investigations and
management of fixed CO diseases in anaesthesia practice.
[Link] Hypertension, methods – past and present.
[Link] the invasive and noninvasive monitoring techniques
during open heart surgeries.
[Link] various methods of monitoring BP.
[Link] the anaesthetic management of a child weighing 15kgs
with pericardial effusion scheduled for pericardiatomy.
[Link] the present day status of hypovolemia.
[Link] the pharmacology and uses of cardiotonic drugs.
[Link]-blockaded pt – intra operative management.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] in anaesthetic practice.

[Link] in order of priority, steps you would undertake in
resuscitating a pt developing intraoperative cardiac arrest.
[Link] the influence of the drugs used for cardiovascular disease
on the anaesthetic management.
[Link] are the indications and advantages of CVP monitoring?
Describe one method of percutaneous central venous canulation.
[Link] the causes and management of sudden cardiac arrest.
[Link] the influence of the drugs used for cardiovascular disease
on the anaesthetic management.
[Link] aare the uses of vasodilators in anaesthesia and in the ICU?
How will you monitor a pt during the administration of
vasodilator?
[Link] Endarterectomy.

Short Notes:
1. Transesophageal echocardiography.
2. PCWP.
3. Intra aortic balloon pump.
4. Endocardial viability ratio.
5. Central venous pressure.
6. Capillary circulation.
7. Cardiac index.
8. Myocardial preservation during open heart surgery.
9. Myocardial protection during CPB.
[Link]’s Criteria.
[Link].
[Link] solution.
[Link].
[Link].
[Link] with prosthetic valve coming of abdominal surgery.
[Link] cardiac reflex.
[Link] cardiac reflex.
[Link] Jarisch reflex.
[Link]’s Technique.
[Link] implications of Beating heart surgery.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] and procedure of cardioversion.

[Link] Tamponade.
[Link] supply & venous drainage of heart.
[Link] influencing coronary blood flow.
[Link] case of IHD cominf for pyelolithotomy, anaesthetic
management.
[Link] shock.
[Link]’s law in relation to LV function.
[Link] tachycardia & treatment.
[Link]- factors affecting & effects of anaesthesia.
[Link] proportion of impulses through myocardium.
[Link] Node.
[Link] crisis.
[Link] tourniquet.
[Link]- management.
[Link] cyanotic heart disease.
[Link] shock
[Link]- op MI- prevention and management.
[Link] effusion – anaesthetic management.
[Link] of aortic valvular lesions.
[Link] pressure volume loop.
[Link] hypotension.
[Link] block.
[Link] under anaesthesia.
[Link].
[Link]-op care of cardiac surgery.
[Link] ECG.
[Link]-arctation of aorta.
[Link]’s law & implications.
[Link] ganz catheter.
[Link] defibrillation in cardiac arrest.
[Link] induced arrhythmias.
[Link] defects & their importance in anaesthesia.
[Link]
[Link] compression.
[Link] of PA catheter in cardiac surgery.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] electrical activity.

[Link] solution in bypass pump.
[Link] fibrillation.
[Link] output & blood volume monitoring.
[Link] of posterior triangle of neck & complication of IJV
cannulation.
[Link] in CO with IPPV.
[Link] & demerits of General Vs Regional anaesthesia for
lower limb vascular surgery.
[Link] & management of DVT.
[Link] sinus syndrome.
[Link]- Vascular reflexes.
[Link] & management of low perfusion state after cardio-
pulmonary bypass.
[Link] analysis.
[Link] management of dissecting aneurysm.
[Link] from CPB.
[Link] pump CABG.
[Link] heart disease for non cardiac surgery.
[Link] risk assessment.
[Link] action β blockers.
[Link] isoproterinol, dopamine & dobutamine.
[Link].
[Link].
[Link] during anaesthesia.
[Link]
[Link] in cardiac surgery.
[Link] invasive methods to assess cardiac function.
[Link].
[Link] O2 Consumption.
[Link] for cardiac catherisation in a 9yr old child.
[Link] and physiology of coronary vessels.
[Link] system of heart.
[Link] response to laryngoscopy and methods to
attenuate it.
[Link] hypotension.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] V/s CVP.

[Link].
[Link] changes in mitral stenosis.
[Link] Hypertension.
[Link] due to renal artery stenosis.
[Link] for surgery on pt with MI.
[Link] Angina Pectoris.
[Link] Output.
[Link] that maintain arterial blood pressure.
[Link] protection during CPB.
[Link] Vein Thrombosis.
[Link] of presentation of central venous canulation.
100. Pulmonary hemodynamics in early mitral stenosis.
101. Rate pressure products.
102. β Stimulants V/s β Blockers.
103. Propronolol.
104. Preload & Afterload.
105. Microcirculation.
106. Oculo Cardiac Reflex.
107. PDA – Preanaesthetic evaluation and anaesthetic
management.
108. Prevention of post operative thrombophlebitis.
109. Role of ACE inhibitors in hypertension.
110. Discuss the various anaesthetic techniques that can be used
for reconstructive surgery of the forearm injuries.
111. Prevention of changes in PR, BP, ECG during intubation.
112. Nitroglycerine.
113. Air embolism cause and management.
114. Ventricular curves (oxygen consumption)
115. Disseminated intravascular co agulation.
116. Interpretation of ABG.
117. Anaesthesia for sickle cell disease.
118. Aorto caval occlusion syndrome.
119. Complications following open heart surgery.
120. Magnesium
121. Atropine for premedication.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

122. Endo cardial viability ratio.

123. Fat embolism.
124. Millrinone.
125. Β Stimulants.
126. TPN in anaesthetic indications.
127. Amino pyridine.
128. Define extra corporeal circulation.
129. Microcirculation in shock.
130. Controlled hypotension.
131. Ventricular fibrillation.
132. Intractable angina pectoris.
133. Sodium nitro prusside.
134. Role of vasopressors & vasodilators in anaesthesia
135. Intraoperative causes and management of hypertension.
136. TOF with cerebral abcess – problems & anaesthetic
management.
137. Inverse steal or hebinshoe syndrome.
138. Supine hypotensive syndrome.
139. Deliberate hypertension.
140. Cardiac catheterization.
141. Cardiac arrest – causes and management.
142. Orthopnea (Liver disease)
143. Cyanosis.
144. Haemoptysis.
145. V/q ratio
146. TEE
147. Cardiac arrhythmias.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

Hepatic + GIT + Endocrines

Main Questions:

1. Discuss the anaesthetic management of 70yr old man with obstructive

jaundice posted for gall bladder surgery. R
2. Briefly describe hepatic blood flow. How is hepatic blood flow altered by
anaesthetics & adjuvant drugs.
3. How will you investigate a case of jaundice. Discuss the pre-op
assessment, anaesthetic management, intra & post-op complications in
obstructive jaundice pt posted for CBD exploration.
4. Describe the anatomy of liver. Mention various LFT’s & normal values
and scoring systems of liver dysfunction. R
5. Discuss anaesthetic management of pt with liver disease.
6. A 60yr old man with lower gut obstruction of 3 days old, is to be
operated in emergency. Describe in brief, pathophysiology & anaesthetic
management of such a case.
7. Describe the pathophysiology of intestinal obstruction & its anaesthetic
management.
8. Describe in detail the requirements & technique of anaesthesia for
laparoscopic surgeries, complications and management.
9. Discuss the anaesthetic management of pheochromocytoma.
[Link] the anaesthetic management of pt with DM in ketoacidosis.
[Link] the management of a case of strangulated hernia in a 50yr old
man with uncontrolled diabetic & is on oral antidiabetic therapy.
[Link] the pre-anaesthetic management of pt with thyrotoxicosis
complicated with atrial fibrillation.
[Link] the anaesthetic management of pt of uncontrolled DM posted
for emergency laparotomy.
[Link] the anaesthetic management of a case of toxic thyroid coming
for surgery & mention post op complication.
[Link] & anaesthetic management.
[Link] management of pt for cholecystectomy.
[Link] rupture for emeregency laparotomy.
[Link] op complications in a case of hydatid cyst & its management.
[Link] the anaesthetic management of a case of portal hypertension
coming for portocaval shunt operation.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] the anaesthetic management of uncontrolled DM coming for

elective BPH (TURP) surgery.
[Link] problems in a massive thyroid adenoma scheduled for
excision.
[Link] the anaesthetic management of an adult with hydatid cyst in
his liver.
[Link] the pre op preparation & anaesthetic management in an elderly
hypertensive pt with a huge thyroid swelling posted for total
thyroidectomy.
[Link] hepatic blood flow & effect of anaesthesia on hepatic blood
flow.
[Link] the types of esophageal fistula, its diagnosis & treatment &
anaestehtic management.
26.60 yr old male, hypertensive on treatment posted for laparoscopic
cholecystectomy. Discuss the pre-operative evaluations and anaesthetic
management .
[Link] the pathophysiology of portal hypertension and your method of
anaesthetizing such a case for shunt operation.
[Link] the value of liver function tests in a case of liver damage. How
will these tests influence your choice of drugs for anaesthetic
management and post op pain relief.
[Link] in detail, the assessment and anaesthetic management of a pt
aged 60yrs and deeply jaundiced for exploration of CBD obsturcion OR
laparotomy in obstructive jaundice.
[Link] the PAE & preparation of an adult with intestinal obstruction
posted for explorative laparotomy & discuss the anesthetic
management.
[Link] of anaesthesia on hepatic function.
[Link] the causes of cirrhosis and anaesthetic management of a pt
with portal hypertension.
[Link] in detail, the management and investigations required in an
elderly male admitted with severe hemetemesis.
[Link] management for portosystemic shunt.
[Link] the physiology of vomiting & mechanism of various emetics.
[Link] the pre-op preparation, anaesthesia management & post op
management of a chronic alcoholic posted for vagotomy.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] the role of halogenated inhalational anaesthetic agents

producing hepatotoxicity.
[Link] merits & demerits of various methods of pain relief after
cholecystectomy.
[Link] features, investigations, preop management & intra-op
monitoring – infantile pyloric stenosis for Ramshed’s operation.
[Link] the causes of hypovolemic shock.
[Link] the line of management of a pt who had severe gastrointestinal
hemorrhage.
[Link] are liver function tests? Describe the importance of these tests in
relation to anaesthesia.
[Link] the pre-op preparation, anaesthetic management & post-op care
for emergency laparotomy of a hypothyroid pt.
[Link] the clinical picture of adrenocortical failure and discuss the
management of a pt undergoing prolonged cortisone therapy.
[Link] the pre-op preparation & anaesthetic management of an
uncontrolled diabetic pt aged 60 yrs coming for emergency surgery for
intestinal obstruction.
[Link] the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and the anaesthetic
management for a case posted for an emergency laparotomy.
[Link] the diagnosis & management of a diabetic patient with
metabolic crisis in post op period.
[Link] the problems & management of anaesthesia for an young adult
suffering from myasthenia gravis, posted for excision of retrosternal
goiter.
[Link] of hypertensive crisis & anaesthetic management of
pheochromocytoma.
[Link] is the etiology of obesity? Discuss the changes in physiological
functions in a pt with obesity.
[Link] the diagnosis & management of hyperglycemic coma and
hypoglycemic coma.
[Link] the role of potassium in the body. How is it significant to the
anaesthetist?
[Link] problems in a massive adenoma scheduled for excision.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] the anaesthetic management & post operative complication

with their treatment for a case of uncontrolled toxic goiter in a middle
aged women.
[Link] the synthetic of thyroid hormone & factors regulating it. List
thyroid function tests.
56.A 23yr old female with uncontrolled thyrotoxicosis, is admitted with
sweating, tachycardia and temperature. A diagnosis of twisted ovarian
cyst was made. Explain your preop preparation & management.
[Link] the symptomology, differential diagnosis & treatment of
thyrotoxicosis.
[Link] how the abnormal hormonal conditions influence anaesthesia.
[Link] the anaesthetic problems & management of a treated
thyrotoxic patient posted for thyroidectomy in euthyroid state.
[Link] the management and surgical stress in diabetic patient and
mainanance of carbohydrate homeostasis.
61. Problems and management in an elderly diabetic for emergency below
knee amputation for gangrene.
[Link] the causes & problems of obesity & its importance in anesthesia
[Link] morbid obesity. What are the pre-op abnormality & anaesthetic
problems associated with the condition? How do you manage an obese
patient posted for liposuction?

Short Notes:

1. Assessment of hepatic reserve.

2. Drug metabolism in liver disease.
3. Child’s Score.
4. Enzyme induction.
5. Activated Co-agulation time (ACT).
6. Myxedema - anaesthetic problems. R
7. Thyroid Storm. RR
8. Thyrotoxic Crisis. RR
9. Non ketotic acidosis.
[Link] Haemoglobin.
[Link] of diabetic ketoacidosis.
[Link] & release of thyroid hormone.
13.C/o uncontrolled DM for emergency LSCS.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] non ketotic coma.

[Link]- Classification & pathophysiology.
[Link].
[Link] Diabetis.
[Link] - anaesthetic management.
[Link] – Management.
[Link] insulin.
[Link].
[Link].
[Link] hepatitis.
[Link] syndrome.
[Link] Circulation.
[Link] Coma.
[Link] for upper GI endoscopy on outpatient basis.
[Link] management of insulinoma.
[Link] op jaundice.
[Link] insulins.
[Link] of diabetis, pathophysiology of DKA.
[Link] induction.
[Link] in obesity.
[Link] crisis.
[Link] tests in anaesthesia.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

Renal System
Main Questions:

1. Discuss the anaesthetic considerations of CRF.

2. Write in detail about perioperative management of a pt posted for renal
transplantation. R
3. A 60yr old man is to undergo TURP, describe the anaesthetic
management, likely complication & treatment.
4. Renal function tests, role of kidney in maintenance of acid-base balance.
5. What are the causes of pre-operative acute renal failure? Describe
anaesthetic problems in a pt having bi-lateral renal calculi, posted for
nephrectomy.
6. Discuss the anaesthetic management of obese, hypertensive & diabetic
pt coming for TURP surgery. Briefly mention the preoperative evaluation
& preparation.
7. Acute management of renal transplantation in 16yr old from 55yr old
donor.
8. Acute renal failure – Types & management.
9. Discuss the various RFT & its relevance to anaesthesia.
[Link] the extra-ordinary manifestations of CRF. Describe a plan for the
induction & maintenance of anaesthesia in pt with renal insufficiency.
11.A male of 40yrs with bilateral renal calculi with oliguria, BP- 170/100 mm
of Hg, Serum creatinine 3mg%, Hb 7.6 g%, posted for nephrolithotomy.
Discuss anaesthetic management.
[Link] Ph. Discuss the etiology, biochemical changes & management of
metabolic acidosis.
[Link] the pharmacology of diuretics and their basis of use in
anaesthetic practice.
[Link] is meant by Ph? How is it maintained? Describe the importance of
Ph during anaesthesia and intensice care.
[Link] in detail the modern views of anaesthetic management of renal
transplant including Preanaesthetic preparation.
[Link] the functional unit of the kidney and discuss its role in water
balance.
[Link] the signs and symptoms and causes of acute obstructive anuria.
What are the anesthetic hazards?

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] the physiological basis of different renal function tests. What

tests would you use to assess the renal function of a pt?
[Link] in anaesthesia for TURP.
[Link] an account of the role played by kidney in acid base balance.
[Link] diuretics. What are the anaesthetic implications of a pt on such
diuretic therapy.
[Link] management of oliguria pt with perioperative renal
protection.
[Link] the management of pt with CAD with 30% EF for a TURP.
[Link] the method of suppression of immune response in organ
transplant. Discuss the anaesthetic management of kidney transplant in
a 60 yr old patient.
[Link] the causes & effects of metabolic acidosis & metabolic alkalosis .
[Link] & discuss the pharmacology of various diuretics and their uses
during anaesthesia.

Short Notes:
1. Osmolality.
2. Cadaveric Transfusion.
3. Water intoxication.
4. Forced alkaline diuresis.
5. Methods of suppression of immune response in organ transplant.
6. TURP Syndrome.
7. Causes of anaemia in end stage renal disease.
8. Kidney cocktail.
9. Causes of perioperative renal failure & management.
[Link] considerations in a pt with end stage renal failure.
[Link] in anaesthetizing a pt on uremia.
[Link] renal replacement therapy.
[Link].
[Link].
[Link] deficit.
[Link] & electrolyte imbalance.
[Link] function tests.
[Link] acidosis.
[Link] disorders of acid base balance.
[Link].

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] balance.
[Link] diuretics.
[Link] diuretics.
[Link] in surgical pt.
[Link] molecular weight dextran.
[Link] expanders.
[Link] -Anderson nomogram.
[Link].
[Link] gap.
[Link] gap V/s base deficit.
[Link] shutdown.
[Link] press product.
[Link] of potassium imbalance in surgical patient.
[Link] elimination.
[Link] monitoring under anaesthesia.
[Link] problems in prostate surgery.
[Link] shift.
[Link] technique for cystoscopy.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

Haematology
Main Questions:

1. Describe the blood groups & all the hazards of blood transfusion.
2. Describe the relevance & techniques of autologous (pre, intra & post-op)
blood transfusion.
3. Describe the coagulation factors. How do you investigate a case of
intraoperative coagulation disorders.
4. DIC - pathology, C/f, Management.
5. What are coagulation disorders? Enumerate the management of each
due for anaesthesia.

Short Notes:

1. Autologous transfusion.
2. Massive transfusion.
3. Exchange transfusion.
4. Activated coagulation time.
5. Blood preservatives.
6. DIC.
7. Assessment of blood loss during surgery.
8. Glycosylated Haemoglobin.
9. Plasma expanders.
[Link] Hb.
[Link] - c/f, Diagnosis & investigations, anaesthetic management &
complications in such pt for elective LSCS.
[Link] Cell anaemia.
[Link] blood transfusion.
[Link] component therapy.
[Link] Frozen Plasma.
[Link] to reduce need for allogenic Blood transfusion.
[Link] of normal haemostasis & its significance.
[Link] Blood.
[Link].
[Link] substitutes – advantages and disadvantages.
[Link] for haemoglobinopathies.
[Link] therapy.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] proteins & anaesthesia.

[Link].
[Link] & anaesthesia.
[Link] Time.
[Link] Thromboplastin Time.
[Link] Normalized ratio.
[Link] elastography.
[Link] prophylaxis – use of regional anaesthesia.
[Link] limit for infusion of different type of blood components.
[Link] management of sickle cell crisis coming for acute abdomen.
[Link].
[Link] op blood salvage.
35.c/f & diagnosis of porphyria. How to investigate?
[Link] management & complications in such pt posted for elective
LSCS.

Dr. Farzan Syed, Dr. Jai Prakash Gupta

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

Fluid & Electrolytes

Main Questions:

1. I.V. Fluids, Mode of selections.

2. Describe the mechanism of hydrogen ion regulation in human body.
3. What is acid-base balance? How is it regulated in health? Mention the
principles of management of common acid base disorders.

Shortnotes:

1. Osmolality.
2. Osmolarity.
3. Management of intraoperative fluid therapy.
4. Discuss importance of serum electrolytes in anaesthetic practice.
5. Treatment of hyperkalemia.
6. Magnesium.
7. Osmotic pressure.
8. I.V. Fluid therapy.
9. Total parenteral Nutrition.
[Link] acidosis.
[Link] alkalosis.
[Link] gap & its complications.
[Link] function of Ca2+.
[Link] base balance.
[Link] acidosis.
[Link] alkalosis.
[Link]-ketotic acidosis.
[Link].
[Link].
[Link].
[Link].
[Link] shift.
[Link] Saline.
[Link] base excess.
[Link].

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

Obstetrics
Main Questions:

1. Discuss the physiological changes of pregnancy & its relevance to the

anaesthesiologist & emergency LSCS.
2. Describe various methods of pain relief during labour.
3. Discuss the pathophysiological changes in toxemia of pregnancy. Discuss
the anaesthetic management of such a pt posted for emergency LSCS.
4. Anaesthetic management of pregnant woman undergoing non obstetric
surgery.
5. Recent developments in pathophysiology & management of pre-
eclampsia. How will you manage such a case for LSCS & vaginal delivery.
6. Briefly describe the anaesthetic management for a case of ruptured
uterus coming for emergency surgery.
7. Discuss the problems & anaesthetic management for a case of ruptured
uterus coming for emergency surgery.
8. Discuss the pathogenesis, C/F & management of mendelson’s syndrome
(acid aspiration).
9. Discuss various plans for painless labour in your hospital.
[Link] the nerve supply of the female genital tract. Discuss your choice
of a local anaesthetic to produce labour painless.
[Link] the nerve supply of uterus and birth passages with a diagram
and discuss the technique of regional analgesia for normal delivery.
[Link] the physiological changes which occur in normal pregnancy.
How these changes modify the pregnant woman’s response to
anaesthetic interventions.
[Link] anaesthesia for high risk obstetrics & complications of post
operative period.
14.A known case of mitral stenosis of term has been brought for emergency
caesarean section. How will you anaesthetize that patient?
15.A middle aged woman with bleeding due to placenta previa is due for
caesarean section. Discuss a)Pre op preparation, b)Anaesthetic
management, likely complications, c) post op care.
[Link] the anaesthetic management for hysterectomy for a woman of
35yrs for fibroid uterus with bronciectasis of Rt lower lobe.n

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] the anaesthetic management and new born resuscitation on a

case of toxemia of pregnancy.
[Link] the anaesthetic management of a case of pre eclamptic toxemia
admitted with foetal distress posted for caesarean operation.
[Link] the various methods of labour analgesia. Enumerate the merits
and advantages of each method.
[Link] the anaesthetic management of an elderly primi with bronchial
asthma for caesarean section.
[Link] are the mechanisms that produce fetal acidosis? Describe the role
of techniques & drugs in anaesthesia which may produce this state.
[Link] the various methods used to relieve pain during normal labour.
[Link] the patho physiology of PIH. How will you manage a case of PIH
for elective LSCS?
[Link] supply of anterior abdominal wall and LA technique for abdominal
tubal sterilization.
[Link] analgesia a regime other than regional anaesthesia.
[Link] the physiology of labour pain & best method of controlling it.
[Link], management of a case on psycotropic drug, drug interactions in this
pt if coming for obstetrical emergency procedure.
[Link] of anaesthetist in a) post partum tetanus, b) case of rabies.
[Link] the problems and anaesthetic management of tubectomies and
rural tubectomy camp.
30.A 50yr old uncontrolled diabetic on irregular oral dianil, presents for an
abdominal hysterectomy, describe your pre, intra & post operative
management of this pt.
[Link] the physiological changes of pregnancy and its relevance to the
anesthesiologist.

Short notes:

1. Placental barrier.
2. Fetal Hb.
3. HELLP syndrome.
4. Amniotic fluid syndrome.
5. Supine hypotension syndrome.
6. Walking epidural.
7. Epidural obstetric analgesia.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

8. Anaesthesia for MRP (manual removal of placenta).

9. Anaesthetic problems in pregnant women.
10.16 wks pregnant for appendicectomy.
[Link] affecting uteroplacental circulation.
[Link] occlusion syndrome.
[Link] of female genital tract.
[Link] block.
[Link] Circulation.
[Link] effect.
[Link] Halden effect,
[Link] tubal ligation- problems & anaesthetic management.
[Link] management of hemorrhagic obstetric emergencies.
[Link] management for separation of conjoined twins.
[Link] for GA in LSCS.
[Link] supply of female genital tract.
[Link] of relief of labour pain.
[Link] of parturition pain.
[Link] management of D & C.
[Link] management of internal version.
[Link] fluid embolism.
[Link] syndrome.
[Link] score.
[Link] nerve supply of uterus.
[Link] of positioning in anaesthetized patient.
[Link] dependent complaints.
[Link] in rural mass camp.
[Link] nitro prusside.
[Link].

Dr. Farzan Syed, Dr. Jai Prakash Gupta

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

Paediatrics & Geriatrics

Main Questions:

1. Discuss the anaesthetic management of tracheo- esophageal fistula in a

neonate (pre,intra, post op).
2. Discuss the anaesthetic management of cleft palate in a 2yr old child.
3. Discuss the anaesthetic management of a case of biliary atresia in an
infant.
4. Write in detail, anaesthetic considerations of a 2yr old child posted for
emergency removal of foreign body in the bronchus.
5. Discuss the pre-op assessment, preparation & management of a 2yr old
child with PDA for ligation.
6. A 20day old neonate with history of repeated vomiting is diagnosed as
congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis & is posted for corrective
surgery. How will you evaluate the hydration status & outline the pre-op
fluid & electrolyte correction. What are the precautions to be taken
while anaesthesing this case.
7. Describe the management of 5month old male baby with leaking
meningocoele of 8 X 8 cm size in lumbosacral region.
8. What are the principles involved in choosing a proper anaesthetic
technique for infants & neonates?
9. Discuss the problems of neonatal anaesthesia. Describe the management
of case of congenital diaphragmtic hernia of 24 hr old neonate. RR
10.A 4yr old child with chronic atelectasis of L lung, is posted for
pneumonectomy. How will you assess, prepare & manage the case?
What are the post-op complications?
11.6month old child with hydrocephalus is coming fot VP shunt. Discuss
anaesthetic management & briefly mention perioperative complications.
[Link] management of 4yr old child posted for Tetrology of Fallot
total correction under cardiopulmonary bypass.
[Link] the etiology & perioperative management of intestinal
obstruction in a neonate.
[Link] the anaesthetic management of a 75 yr old obese man, posted
for laparotomy.
[Link] the physiological changes involved with geriatric pt. Discuss
anaesthetic management of 75 yr old man coming for obstructed hernia.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

16.70 yr old man presenting to casualty with a BP of 80/50 mm Hg & heart

rate140/min. respiratory rate of 40/min, abdominal distension,
constipation & vomiting of 3 days duration, diagnosed as strangulated
inguinal hernia. Discuss the pre-op preparation, anaesthesia
management & post op care of that patient. R
[Link] the problems of geriatric anaesthesia. How do you manage a
case of prostatectomy of 80 yr old, who is on antihypertensive therapy.
[Link] of Fallot with cerebral abcess, problems & anaesthetic
management.
[Link] the anatomy of larynx. In what way is it different in children &
how do you overcome the problems of intubation in children.
[Link] the general considerations in neonatal surgery with special
reference to pre-anaesthetic evaluation, transport, monitoring &
anaesthetic management.
21.6 yr old with recent h/o food intake & perforating eye injury –
anaesthetic considerations. & choice of anaesthetic technique. What are
the drugs better avoided.
[Link] the anaesthetic problems, preparation & anaesthetic
management of 60 yr old brought for emergency surgery for volvulus.
What problems can supervene if surgery ends up in total colectomy.
[Link] the management of 75 yr old male admitted with systolic BP of
70 & h/o fever for a month with oliguria.
[Link] of fluid therapy in neonates
[Link] the causes and management of neonatal asphyxia.
[Link] how a neonate differs from an adult from the anesthesiologist’s
view.
27. A boy aged 14yrs is to be taken for repair of PDA. Discuss the
hemodynamics & anaesthetic management including likely complications
and prognosis of the case. & classify the congenital heart diseases &
discuss the management of PDA.
[Link] the clinical features, investications, anaesthetic management and
operative monitoring in a 2 week old infant with hydrocephalus posted
for VP shunt.
29.A 1yr old is diagnosed to be suffering from intusseception. Discuss a)pre-
op preparation, b) Anaesthetic management, c)Post op care.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] discuss the anaesthetic management of acute respiratory failure

in infancy.
[Link] the causes of acute laryngeal edema occurring in children in the
post anaesthetic period. How do you manage a case of severe laryngeal
edema?
[Link] the problems & anaesthetic management in a case of pyloric
stenosis for operation.
[Link] the problems and management of a case of cleft palate repair for
a child of 6months old.
[Link] of atropine as a pre medication in children, Problems of pre
medication in children.
[Link] the problems & anaesthetic management of a case of post
tonsillectomy in a child aged 6yrs.
[Link] will you assess and manage an infant with congenital pyloric
stenosis weighing 3kgs coming up for pyloromyotomy? What are the
possible complications and how will you avoid them?
[Link] are the complications of general anaesthesia in a neonate?
Mention the monitoring AIDS that you will use in neonatal anaesthesia.
[Link] will you assess and investigate a child posted for diaphragmatic
hernia & discuss the anaesthetic management of such case.
[Link] the management of a 6yr old child brought back to the operating
theatre for surgery for a “bleeding tonsil”

Short Notes:

1. Virginia Apgar.
2. Neonatal Resuscitation.
3. Postop pain relief in children.
4. Down’s syndrome.
5. Epidural analgesia in children.
6. Premedication in pediatric pts.
7. Meningocoele, Meningomyelocoele.
8. Apgar score.
9. Interosseus fluid Therapy.
[Link] Regulations in paediatric pts.
[Link] management in children & neonates.
[Link] relaxants in children.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] regulation in neonate.

[Link] in fetal circulation at birth.
15.10yr old with TOF is diagnosed to have brain abcess. Outline
perioperative management.
[Link] for herniotomy in 1 year old child.
[Link] in detail, perioperative preparation anaesthetic management of
8year old posted for evaluation of depressed frontal bone.
18.A newborn infant with a large encephalocoele. Is posted for corrective
surgery. Discuss perioperative management.
[Link] in children.
[Link] Epidural anaesthesia in paediatric patients.
[Link] of a new born blue baby.
[Link] of delayed recovery of respiration in an infant following GA.
[Link] in paediatric Pt.
[Link] of pre medication.
[Link] Gluconate.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

ENT , Ophthal , Ortho & Dental

Main Question:

1. Discuss the ananesthetic management of a 2 yr old child with a foreign

body in bronchus posted for rigid bronchoscopy.
2. Discuss anaesthetic management of a 10yr old boy with post-op
tonsillectomy bleeding. RR
3. Discuss the effect of anaesthetic agents in intraocular pressure. Describe
emergency anaesthetic management of a penetrating eye injury.
4. Discuss the various methods & problems involved in anaesthesing a pt
for ophthalmic surgery.
5. Discuss the preoperative evaluation, anaesthetic technique & postop
management of a 5yr old pt posted for correction of severe
kyphoscoliosis.
6. Describe the anaesthetic management for scoliosis surgery.
7. Describe the anaesthetic management of a 70yr old pt who had
sustained # neck of femur.
8. Discuss anaesthetic management of a 8yr old male pt for extraction of
multiple teeth.
9. Discuss anaesthetic management of a 65yr old man, hypertensive on
treatment, DM on oral therapy, for total hip replacement.
[Link] anaesthetic problems & various techniques used for
microlaryngeal surgery.
[Link] in detail about pre-op assessment & anaesthetic management of a
85 yr for prosthetic replacement of head of femur.

Short Notes:

1. Maxillofascial injuries, anaesthesia for multiple mandibular #.

2. Management of post tonsillectomy bleeding.
3. Oculo-cardiac reflex.
4. ↑ Intraocular pressure.
5. Anaesthetic requirements for intraocular surgery.
6. Give an account of drugs which affect the eye (used in anest)
7. Retrobulbar block.
8. Anaesthetic considerations for penetrating eye injuries.
9. Tourniquet effects.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link]-tenons block.
[Link] of dental anaesthesia.
[Link] management of corneal tear.
[Link].
[Link].
[Link] Cement.
[Link] during orthopedic surgery.
[Link] for laser surgery.
[Link] of papillary reflexes in anaesthesia.
[Link] blocks for cataract.
[Link] for squint surgery.
[Link] block.
[Link] supply of face. Nerve block for intra-ocular surgery and likely
complications.
[Link] and anaesthesia.
[Link] types of anaesthetic techniques for bronchoscopy.
[Link] of GA for bronchoscopy for a pt with suspected bronchogenic
Carcinoma.
[Link] management of 70yr old pt coming for THR who is
treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.
[Link] chair anaesthesia.
[Link] of pt with acute epiglotitis.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

Intensive Care Unit

Main Questions:

1. Discuss in detail, all the recent modes of mechanical ventilation. List out
the advantages and disadvantages.
2. Describe the plan & layout of critical care unit. What is the minimum
equipment required?
3. Discuss role of anaesthesiologist in the immediate management of a
critically injured patient.
4. What are the modes of mechanical ventilation & write the methods of
weaning a pt from ventilator.
5. Discuss the various theories in relation to circulation of blood during
closed chest cardiac massage.
6. Discuss the management of a case of head injury in the ICU. Mention the
basic principles behind it.
7. Discuss the management of a case of cervical spine injury with
respiratory distress in ICU.
8. Discuss the management of barbiturate poisoning in ICU.
9. A 25 yr old man had met with a RTA & sustained polytrauma. Discuss in
detail, the problems involved & the initial management in the ICU.
[Link] cardiopulmonary arrest. What is CCPR? What are the components
of Basic life support? Describe BLS in detail.
[Link] the management of snake bite.
[Link] the design, principle & components of intensive therapy unit.
What is the role of anaesthesiologist in the same?
[Link] the role of anaesthetist in the resuscitation of a case of hanging
in ICU.
[Link] Parenteral Nutrition.
[Link] of OP poisoning.
[Link] of case of tetanus/ Tetanus & anaesthesia.
[Link] ventilators. Mention names of ventilators you know. Discuss
about recent ventilators.
[Link] the ICU management of a young female pt who complains of
numbness, tingling paraesthesia & progressing ascending muscular
weakness of both the lower limbs.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] in detail, the diagnostic features of ARDS and its management

in an ICU.
[Link] the basis and management of acute cardio respiratory failure.
[Link] the invasive and noninvasive monitoring technique during open
heart surgery.
[Link] the changes in microcirculation and management of a case of
hemorrhagic shock. High light the recent advances in the field.
23.A restless semi conscious pt brought with head injury for removal of
extra dural hematoma in parotid region, discuss the anaesthetic
management.
[Link] of anaesthetist in status asthmaticus in ICU.
[Link] a critical account on failure of regaining consciousness after GA.
[Link] how you want to conclude the possibility of coronary thrombosis
in the post operative period. Discuss the differential diagnosis.
[Link] the differential diagnosis of coma.
28.A pt after general anaesthesia for emergency laparotomy has not
regained consciousness, discuss the etiology & management.
[Link] is drug interaction? Discuss giving many examples as observed
during anesthesia.
[Link] the thermoregulatory mechanism of human body and its
disturbances during anaesthesia.
[Link] the management of a case of barbiturate poisoning.
[Link] the role of anaesthetist in acute poisoning cases. Write briefly
how you will organize new toxicology unit under your care.
[Link] the management of a pt in coma.
[Link] of organophosphorus poisoning.

Short Notes:

1. Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP).

2. Inverse ratio ventilation.
3. CPAP.
4. SIMV.
5. Pressure Controlled Ventilation.
6. Recent modes of ventilation.
7. Pressure support ventilation.
8. Interpretation of ABG.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

9. Chest Physiotherapy.
[Link] Ventilation.
[Link] in pt on ventilator.
[Link].
[Link] trends in CPR.
[Link] Trauma life support.
[Link] Cardiac life support.
[Link] current defibrillation in cardiac arrest.
[Link] maneuver.
[Link] resuscitation equipment.
[Link] in shock.
[Link] associated pneumonia.
[Link] ventilator. (Siemens’ 900).
[Link] III scoring.
[Link] of brain dead pt in ICU setup.
[Link] criteria.
[Link] of septic shock in ICU.
[Link] & analgesia in pt on ventilator.
[Link] v/s Parenteral nutrition in ICU.
[Link] frequency PPV.
[Link] air resuscitation.
[Link] ventilator therapy & problems
[Link].
[Link] care unit.
[Link] monoxide poisoning.
[Link] & lab criteria for instituting mechanical ventilation.
[Link] & management of pt on prolonged ventilation.
[Link] of infection in ICU.
[Link] mandatory ventilation.
[Link] alcohol poisoning.
[Link] prediction in ICU.
[Link] barre syndrome management.
[Link] of pt fighting the ventilator in ICU.
[Link] position in ARDS (prone ventilation).
[Link] poisoning.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] do you evaluate the prognosis after hypoxic brain damage? Add a
note on possible neurological recovery.
[Link] for initiating weaning from mechanical ventilator & extubation
criteria.
[Link]
[Link] (Transfusion related acute lung injury)
[Link] therapy in ICU.
[Link] between cobra & viper snake bite.
[Link] anaesthesia & importance.
[Link] of ventilator.
[Link] death, Diagnosis of brain death.
[Link] in anaesthesiology.
[Link].
[Link] in cardiac arrest.
[Link] coma Scale.
[Link] concepts in management of shock.
[Link] of Ac. Bronchial asthma pt in ICU.
[Link] the plan & layout of critical care unit. What is the minimum
equipment required.
[Link] membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
[Link] endotracheal intubation.
[Link] in children.
[Link].
[Link] embolism.
[Link] air resuscitation.
[Link] of anesthetist in tetanus.
[Link] poisoning.
[Link] operative laryngeal edema.
[Link] embolism, causes and management.
[Link] apnea syndrome.
[Link] physiotherapy.
[Link].
[Link].
[Link] of ABG.
[Link].
[Link] respiration.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] gyric crisis.

[Link] crisis.
[Link] viability ratio.
[Link].
[Link] between myasthenia gravis & myasthenic syndrome.
[Link] poisoning.
[Link] agents.
[Link] of Sodium bi carbonate therapy.
[Link] toxicity.
[Link]’s score.
[Link].

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

Physics, Machines & Instruments

Main Questions:

1. Discuss the working principles of flowmetry. Highlight the desirable

features of flowmeter on modern anaesthetic machine.
2. Describe the anatomy of a modern anaesthesia machine & explain the
safety features incorporated in them.
3. Classify vaporizers. Draw a diagram & discuss how vapour concentration
is maintained in Tech5 & Tech 6 vapourisers.
4. Classify breating systems. Discuss the conduct of low flow anaesthesia.
5. How do you classify flow meter? Describe the construction of a
rotameter.
6. Describe the mandatory checklist that’s undertaken to avoid anaesthetic
mishaps before using continuous flow anaesthesia machine.
7. What are the Mapleson’s postulations in regard to breathing circuits.
Describe the circuits used for eliminations of CO2.
8. What is pollution in OT? What are the hazards to environment &
personnel? How will you eliminate?
9. Discuss the circle system of anaesthetic circuit.
[Link] the physical principles involved in the vaporization of liquid
anaesthetic and the mechanism of an ideal vaporizer.
[Link] mechanical respiration. What are the requirements of an ideal
respirator?
[Link] is physiology altered during IPPV? Describe the beneficial effect and
disadvantages of PEEP.
[Link] in detail all the recent modes of mechanical ventilation. List out
the advantages and disadvantages.
[Link] the causes of hypertension under closed circuit anaesthesia.
How would you manage such a complication?
[Link] is relative humidity? Discuss the importance and method of
humidification in ventilator therapy.
[Link] the various anaesthetic breathing systems. Discuss the factors
that will influence you in checking for paediatric anaesthesia.
[Link] the the principles of construction of reducing valves.
[Link] the anaesthetic circuits employed without CO2 absorption.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] the various metering devices and indicate in detail how they are
useful in the clinical anaesthesia.
[Link] the problems of ventilation during anaesthesia.
[Link] factors are taken into consideration in the construction of
halothatne vapourisers. Outline the differences in floutech markII &
mark III vaporizers.
[Link] are the invasive and noninvasive methods of monitoring? Describe
the invasive & noninvasive methods of monitoring BP.
[Link] & Laboratory criteria for insulating mechanical ventilation,
monitoring & management of patients on prolonged ventilation.

Short Notes:

1. Application of gas laws in anaesthesia.

2. Poisseulle equation.
3. Bernoulli’s princicle.
4. Dalton’s law.
5. Avagadro’s law.
6. Venturi principle.
7. Boyle’s law.
8. Electrical safety in OT.
9. Ethyleneoxide sterilization.
[Link] of anaesthetic equipment.
[Link] .
[Link]’s Circuit/ Co-axial circuit.
[Link] lumen tubes.
[Link] mask.
[Link]’s T-piece.
[Link] Rees Circuit.
[Link].
[Link].
[Link] index.
[Link] and evolution of rotameter.
[Link]’s A circuit.
[Link].
[Link] tube.
[Link] -3,4,5,6,7

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link]’s Circuit.
[Link] Circuit / Circle System.
[Link] inhaler.
[Link] system in OT.
[Link] mixture exchanger.
[Link] ET tubes.
[Link] facemask.
[Link].
[Link]’s law.
[Link] oxygen.
[Link].
[Link] Gauge.
[Link] Ratio.
[Link] canister
[Link] bag.
[Link]-rebreathing valve.
[Link] sterilization.
[Link].
[Link] (1%, 2% gluteraldehyde)
[Link]
[Link] mask.
[Link] hazards in OT.
[Link] inside circuits.
[Link] analyser.
[Link] concentrators & uses.
[Link] Poiseuille’s law.
[Link] valves.
[Link] type of vapouriser.
[Link] saturated vapour pressure. What are ways to increase the
vaporization?
[Link]’s law.
[Link] LMA.
56.
57.
[Link] control theory.
[Link] significance.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] Concentrator
[Link] endotrachael tubes.
[Link] classification for airway assessment.
[Link] adrenaline.
[Link] meters.
[Link].
[Link] of clinical trail of anaesthetic drugs and equipment.
[Link] of anaesthesia.
[Link] of anaesthetic equipments.
[Link] support ventilation.
[Link].
[Link] of ventilator for ICU.
[Link] Index System.
[Link].
[Link] in anaesthesiology.
[Link] compensated vapourisers.
[Link] response to laryngoscopy.
[Link] vapourizer.
[Link] Tracheal Combitube.
[Link] in anaesthesia.
[Link] disinfection in operating working room.
[Link] use of ventilators.
[Link].
83.FeV1
[Link] space ventilation – Alveolar ventilation.
[Link] Oxygen Ventilation.
[Link] system for anaesthesia.
[Link] of ideal vapouriser.
[Link] between plenum vapouriser and draw over vapouriser.
[Link] perfusion ratio.
[Link] indications and complications.
[Link] in anaesthetic circuits.
[Link] of anaesthetic machine.
[Link] infusion drugs in anaesthesia.
[Link] endo tracheal tube.
[Link] anaesthetic assessment clinic.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] liability for negligence.

[Link] transport ODC & hypoxia.
[Link] gas pipeline system.
[Link] during blood transfusion.
100. Application of venture principle in anaesthesia.
101. Swan ganz catheter.
102. Unidirectional valves.
103. Closing volume & relationship with FRC.
104. Ocular comlictions of Anaesthesia,
105. Static electricity & prevention.
106. Mapleson D circuit.
107. Pressure reducing valves.
108. Bourdan’s gauge.
109. Prolonged intubation.
110. Double lumen ETT.
111. Defibrillator.
112. Wright peal flow meter.
113. Classifications of vapourisers and calibrations involved in them.
114. Check list for anaesthetic equipment.
115. Blind nasal intubation.
116. Visual man log scale.
117. Discuss the basic principles of automatic ventilator.
118.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

History
1. Sir Robert Mcintosh
2. August Bier.
3. Ralph .M. Waters.
4. Sir William Macween.
5. Ivan Magill.
6. James young Simpson.
7. W.T.G. Morton.
8. Arthur E Geudel.
9. Horace Wells.
[Link].
[Link] Long.
[Link].
13.H.E.G. Boyle.
[Link] Snow (chloroform).
15.16th oct 1846. –ether dome, ether day, morton.
[Link].
[Link] Kohler – Cocaine in ophthatl.
[Link]. Phillip Ayre.
[Link] chloroform commission.
[Link] of chloroform anaesthesia.
[Link] Dawy.
22.150th year of anaesthesia.
[Link]. Mell Rose.
[Link].
[Link] Bernard.
[Link] Hill Hickman.
[Link] ford long
[Link] of chloroform anesthesia.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

Monitoring
1. Pulse oximetry.
2. Capnography.
3. Invasive blood pressure monitoring – principles.
4. Trans esophageal echocardiography.
5. CVP – Central Venous canulation, methods uses & complications.
6. ETCO2.
7. PCWP.
8. PAOP.
9. Double burst stimulation.
[Link] & Anaesthesia.
[Link] monitoring.
[Link] function monitoring.
[Link] action potential.
[Link] depth of anaesthesia.
[Link] of O2 saturation monitoring in anaesthesia.
[Link] monitoring in anaesthesia.
[Link] monitoring.
[Link] & non invasive monitoring, complications of invasive
monitoring.
[Link] of Four.
[Link] are the monitoring modalities employed in anaesthesia. Discuss
the essential monitoring during anaesthesia in OT.
[Link] monitoring.
[Link] for open heart surgeries.
[Link].

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

Miscellaneous
Main Questions:

1. Discuss the pathophysiology of septic shock. What are the recent

developments in the correction of tissue hypoxia in septic shock?
2. Discuss the problems in anaesthesia for cancer pts.
3. Discuss the organization of hospital services to manage mass casualties
due to train accident in your locality.
4. Classify the allergic reactions occurring during anaesthesia. Discuss how
do you treat such a case during anaesthesia & immediate post-op
period.
5. Discuss inherited diseases affecting anaesthesia. Brief the complications
& management of such cases(sickle cell anemia, thalassemia).
6. Define & classify shock. Discuss the causes, pathophysiology, signs,
symptoms & treatment of hypovolemic shock.
7. What is shock? Describe the management of hypovolemic shock under
anaesthesia in a 30 yr old female , para3 undergoing LSCS.
8. Describe the role of anaesthesiologist in acute trauma.
9. What is obesity? How will you plan anaesthesia for cholecystectomy in
an obese female pt fo 40yrs age. R
[Link] the problems & anaesthetic management of a pt with post
burn contracture for contracture release. RR
[Link] the effect of hyperpyrexia on various systems of humanbody. In
what way is it important for anaesthesia.
[Link] the role of anaesthetist in mass casualties (Triage).
[Link] the epidemiology & pathophysiology of anaphylaxis in
anaesthesia practice. Describe the identification, prevention & Rx.
[Link] the ideal important parameters incorporated for OT.
[Link] affiliating departmental services for efficient functioning of
anaesthesia department.
[Link] the pathophysiological effects of thermal injuries. Discuss the
anaesthetic management of 20yr old female having contracture neck
posted for release & grafting surgery.
[Link] the role of anesthesiologist in mass casualties.
[Link] the pre-op & peri-op care of burns pt.
[Link] of anaesthetist outside OT.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

20.A young lady 25yrs age, HbsAg +ve, is posted for emergency LSCS.
Discuss the anaesthetic management & safe precautions employed.
[Link] of obesity & its implications in anaesthetic practice.
[Link] c/f, investigations, management & complications of a case of
near drowning in freshwater.
[Link] in anaesthesia.
[Link] in detail about regulation of temperature. Mention the
pathophysiological changes during hypothermia.

Short Notes:

1. AIDS & Anaesthesia.

2. Visual analogue scale.
3. Medicolegal problems in anaesthesia.
4. Hepatitis B & C.
5. Malignant Hyperpyrexia.
6. Stress in anaesthesia.
7. Problems associated with anaesthesia in MRI.
8. Anaesthesia for drug addicts.
9. Informed Consent.
[Link] Delirium.
[Link].
[Link] Protection Act & Anaesthesia.
[Link].
[Link] Management.
[Link] & Simulators in Anaesthesia.
[Link] for HIV/ HbsAg pt.
[Link]’s Test.
[Link] in Shock.
[Link]’s Syndrome.
[Link] Breur Reflex.
[Link] Shock.
[Link].
23.P50.
[Link] Gas Co-efficents.
[Link] Volume of distribution.
[Link] Shock.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] spectroscopy.
[Link] disposal management in anaesthesia.
[Link]’s witness & its importance.
[Link] occupational hazards to anaesthetists.
[Link] hazards in OT.
[Link] uo Testing.
[Link] Evaluation.
[Link] Nutrition.
[Link] triggers.
[Link] of critically ill patient.
[Link] Consent.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

Drugs
1. Describe how you would differentiate different types of NM blockers.
Discuss the factors which modify NM blocking action of muscle relaxants.
2. Write in brief, the actions of different muscle relaxants producing NM
block.
3. What are the uses of vasodilators in anaesthesia & ICU? How will you
monitor a pt during administration of vasodilator?
4. How do you achieve induced hypotension during surgery? Write its
advantages, disadvantages, indications & contraindications.
5. Discuss the pharmacology of various drugs used for controlled
hypotension. What are the complications of controlled hypotension
anaesthesia?
6. Discuss the antihypertensive drugs used to control BP preioperatively
and their main drug interactions important to anaesthesia practice. R
7. Describe the pharmacology of local anaesthetics. Discuss the
management of local anaesthetic toxicity.
8. What is an ideal local anaesthetic agent? Describe in brief, the
complication of LA & treatment.
9. Discuss the pharmacokinetics & pharmacodynamics of synthetic
narcotics.
[Link], distribution & elimination of anaesthetic drugs.
[Link] is drug interaction? Describe various favourable drug interactions
in anaesthesia.
[Link] affecting the uptake, distribution & elimination of volatile
anaesthetic agents.
[Link] & contrast the newer inhalational anaesthetic agents.
[Link] the pharmacological effects of various inhalational anaesthetic
agents on kidney function.
[Link] are halogenated hydrocarbons used in anaesthesia. Compare &
contrast their properties.
[Link] pharmacology of glycopyrolate, indication & contraindications &
uses in anaesthetic practice.
[Link] the pharmacology of atropine, uses and contraindications.
[Link] & contrast the pharmacology of thiopentone & propofol.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] are the properties of an ideal intravenous anaesthetic agent?

Describe indication, techniques & complication of TIVA.
[Link] the pharmacokinetics & its importance of following drugs given
i.v. (i) Thiopentone, (ii) Lignocaine Hcl (iii) Diazepam (iv) Mg Sulphate
[Link] the pathophysiology of anaesthetic problems in a pt who is on
(a) Long term steroid treatment
(b) Beta blokers
(c) Magnesium Therapy.
(d) Anti-coagulant Therapy.
[Link] are Physiological Functions of Calcium? Describe pharmacological
effects & drug interaction due to calcium channel blockers during
anaesthesia.
[Link] local anaesthetics. Describe the merits & demerits of xylocaine,
bupivacaine & ropivacaine.
[Link] the pharmacological actions, uses & routes of administration of
lidocaine. What are the complications associated with over dosage with
this drug & how would you manage them.
[Link] induction agents suitable for out-patient anaesthesia.
[Link] the intravenous anaesthetic agents and mention their merits
and demerits.
[Link] of antihypertensive drugs used in clinical practice & its
relevance in practice of anaesthesia.
[Link] are the impurities that exist in nitrous oxide? Describe briefly how
nitrous oxide is purified.
[Link] minimum alveolar concentration of inhaled anaesthetic agents.
Enumerate physiological & pharmacological factors affecting MAC.
[Link] the pharmacology of THREE commonly used halogenated
hydrocarbons. Discuss their present status and use.
[Link] the uptake & distribution of anaesthetic gases & vapours.
[Link] the role of Trielence in current anaesthetic practice.
[Link] heat of vapourisation & principle involved in vaporization of
liquids.
[Link] the cardiovascular effects of halothane and isoflurane.
[Link] the development of inhalational anaesthesia.
[Link] the problems faced by anaesthetist in pt anaesthetized with
100% oxygen without N02 with one who had gas gangrene.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] the pharmacological actions of cyclopropane and its current

uses.
[Link] the gass laws and their application in anaesthesia.
[Link] the nerve supply of anterior abdominal wall, describe the local
anaesthetic technique for abdominal tubal ligation.
[Link] amide group of lacal anaesthetics. In order of introduction in to
practice, select an important member of the group and discuss in
physicochemical properties. Physicochemical actions, uses, its
complications and presentation, treatment of the toxicity.
[Link] of prolonging effects of Local anaesthetics.
[Link] LA drugs. Describe the pharmacology of Bupivacaine.
[Link] the structures punctured by needle during lateral approach to
subarachanoid space. What are the complications of subarachanoid
block?
[Link] the importance of intravenous elimination during anaesthesia
and pre and post operative period.
[Link] in detail, drug interactions in anaesthesia.
[Link] an account of the group characteristics of phenothiazines, briefly
describe the pharmacology of promethazine.
[Link] is drug interaction? Discuss giving examples as observed during
anesthetic practice.

Short Notes:
Induction Agents
1. Thiopentone.
2. Ketamine.
3. Propofol.
4. Midazolam (Benzodiazepines)
5. Diazepam.
6. Althesin.
7. Newer i.v induction agents, their merits & demerits.
8. IVRA

Inhalation Agents
9. Desflurane.
[Link].
[Link].

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link] in a hypoxic hyperbaric pt.

[Link] hepatitis.
14.N20 in GA.
[Link] & its Clinical application.
[Link] of Co2 in anaesthetic practice.
[Link] in N2O.
[Link] Shock.
[Link] Mixture.
[Link] for desflurane.
[Link] of inhalational anaestehtics.
[Link] and development of N02
[Link]’s ether vapouriser.
[Link] effects of IPPV.
[Link] laws.
[Link] of No2 usage.
[Link] of Adrenaline along with inhalational anaesthetic agents.
[Link].
[Link] Oxide.
[Link] Toxicity.
[Link].
[Link] of O2 therapy.
[Link] arterial O2 Tension.
[Link] flux.
[Link] therapy.
[Link] of gas laws in anaesthesia.
Premedication
37.H2 receptor anatagonists.
[Link].
[Link].
[Link].
[Link].
Relaxants.
[Link].
[Link].
[Link].
[Link].

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

[Link].
Analgesics.
[Link]
[Link] opiods.
[Link] opiods.
[Link].
[Link] in chronic pain.
[Link].
[Link].
[Link]-analgesics.
[Link] narcotic preparation in relation to their potency & side effects.
[Link] Opiods.
Local Anaesthetic Agents.
[Link].
[Link] Neostigmine.
[Link] Anaesthetic toxicity.
[Link] Hcl.
[Link].
[Link] of prlonging effects of local anaesthesics.
[Link] of local anaesthetics.
64.i.v Lignocaine.
[Link] and upper limits of flammability.
[Link].
Diabetes Mellitus.
[Link].
[Link] ureas.
[Link] insulins.
CVS Drugs.
[Link] & Vasodilators.
[Link].
72.Ca2+ Channel Blockers.
[Link].
[Link] Nitroprusside.
[Link] isoproterenol, dopamine, dobutamine.
[Link].
[Link].

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

78.Β-blocker –toxicity, intra op management of pt on B-blockers.

79. - Blockers.
[Link] glycerine.
Haematology.
[Link].
[Link] coagulant.
Others.
83.NaHCo3
84.MgSO4
[Link].
[Link].
[Link] term steroid therapy.
[Link].
[Link].
[Link] of muscle relaxants in situations other than OT.
[Link].
[Link] of Soda-bicarb therapy.
[Link] resistant curarisation.
[Link] relaxants in infants.
[Link].
[Link].
[Link] Thyroid Drugs.
[Link].
[Link].
100. Recurarisation.
101. Non narcotic analgesics.
102. MAO inhibitors – anaesthetic considerations.
103. Digitalis.
104. Dantrolene.
105. Dual block.
106. Elimination halflife.
107. Prostaglandin.
108. Enzyme induction.
109. Hoffman elimination.
110. Cisatracurium.
111. Mannitol.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

112. Phase II block.

113. Etidocaine.
114. Non anaesthetic use of xylocaine.
115. Antiemetics.
116. Bronchodilators.
117. Metaprolol.
118. Amithocaine.
119. Diltiazem.
120. Diffusion Hypoxia.
121. Second gas effect.
122. Heparin.
123. Vd of drugs.
124. Preparations & use of corticosteroids.
125. Mannitol.
126. Isoproterenol.
127. Polygeline.
128. Nifedipine.
129. Dissociative Anaesthesia.
130. Labetolol.
131. ACE inhibitors.
132. Gelatins.
133. Amiadarone.
134. Pralidoxime. (PAM).
135. Compare neostigmine & edrophonium.
136. Respiratory stimulant drugs.
137. Hydroxy ethyl starch.
138. Dexamethonium.
139. Opiod withdrawl syndrome.
140. Tricyclic antidepressant- anaesthesia implication and over dosage.
141. Vasopressin.
142. Levobupivacaine.
143. Clopidogrel.
144. Perioperative glucocorticoid replacement therapy.
145. Fentanyl.
146. COX-2 inhibitors.
147. Cytokines.

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 Anaesthesia Questions 2011

148. Lithium – Anaesthetic implications.

149. Immunosuppressant drugs & interaction with anaesthetics.
150. Role of NSAIDS in anaesthesia.
151. Effects of antibilotics on NM blockade caused by clinically used
relaxant.
152. Compare neostigmine and edrophonium
153. Perflurocarbons.
154. Steroids in septic shock.
155. Transfusion triggers.

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