4c j ASC Infratech Pvt. Ltd.

Client: Public Works Department, B&R

REHABILITATION Branch, Govt, of
& UPGRADATION OFPunjab
NH-64 FROM KM TO ^ (ZIRAKPUR TO
Project: PATIALA SECTION} IN STATE of PUNJAB Project No.: P151004
Title: TECHNICAL NOTE ON PILE LOAD TEST (VERTICAL & HORIZONTAL) FOR ROB AT CH 31+226 Document No.: DN-TP10 Rev.: 0

j\ J V .. J £$ > ^ Design Director —: Revision Details:

)r
0 23-06-2016 First submission SPD SG AS
Init. Sign. Init. Sign. Init. Sign.
Rev. Date Details
Prepared Checked Approved

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................................3

2 Codes and Practices...................................................................................................................... 3

3 Location for Test Piles.................................................................................................. 3

4 Design Parameters............................................................................. 3

5 Design of Test Pile..................................................................................................................................4

5.1 Pile Details.........................................................................................................................................................4

5.2 Test Load............................................................................................................................................................4

5.3 Structural Design of Pile...............................................................................................................................4

5.3.1 Check for Vertical Test Load..........................................................................................................4

6 Specifications for Initial Vertical Load Test..................................................................................5

6.1 Pile Testing........................................................................................................................................................5

6.2 Test Load............................................................................................................................................................5

6.3 Maintained Load Test on Piles...................................................................................................................5

6.4 Plant and Equipment.....................................................................................................................................8

6.5 Records................................................................................................................................................................8

6.6 Acceptance Criteria........................................................................................................................................8

LIST OF TABLES

Table 6-1 Loading and Unloading Sequence for the Vertical Load Test Pile 1 & 2......................6

LIST OF ENCLOSURES
Annexure- A

1. Typical Calculation of Vertical Pile Capacity for ROB at ch 31+226

Annexure -B

1. Borelog Report

LIST OF FIGURES

SKETCH SK-001: INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (VERTICAL) for ROB at ch 31+226

1 Introduction

Punjab Public works department is planning to widen/construct/ reconstruct some bridges

[Major & Minor] / ROBs / VUPs over stretch from Zirakpur to Patiala. This note gives the
design basis, design calculations and specifications for conducting initial load tests on piles
of 1000 mm dia with pile length 25 m for ROB at chainage 31+226.

2 Codes and Practices

The following codes and practices of the BIS have been adopted.

• IS : 2911 (Part 1/Sec 2] : 2010, Code of Practice for Design and Construction of Pile
Foundations, concrete piles, Bored Cast in-situ piles, including Amendment No.3

• 15:2911 [Part 4], Load tests on piles

3 Location for Test Piles

The initial load tests for vertical and horizontal capacities will be conducted on test piles at
proposed ROB at chainage 31+226 m. The exact location of the test pile shall be approved
by Chief Project Manager.

4 Design Parameters

The design calculations are done for one borehole of the abutment locations (BH : 1
respectively].

The design parameters for different layers in the bore log are selected based on the
laboratory test results and are as listed below:

BH: 1
 Cohesion (t/m2) Angle of friction,
Soil Type From RL (m) ToRL (m) density t/mJ
degrees

Clay Silt with Gravel 0 10 3.5 25 1.9

Fine Sand 10 18 0 31 1.95
Clayey silt 18 26 4.8 22 1.98
Silty sand 26 31 0 31 2
Fine Sand 31 40 0 31 2

The Boreholes are attached herewith this [Link] the purpose of estimating the
safe theoretical capacity of pile foundations, the following other parameters as given in IS
2911 are used.

K value for sandy soil =1.25

Wall friction, 8 = <(>

Factor of Safety = 2,5

5 Design of Test Pile

5.1 Pile Details

The details of the pile are as given below:

Maximum Working Load

(Loads will be verified in detailed design)

Dia. of Pile
Concrete grade
Pile length below cut-off level

5.2 Test Load

The design load on the pile will be limited to this load of 270.0 t. The pile is required to be
tested to a load of 2.5 times the design load. i.e. 2.5 x 270 and say 675 L

5.3 Structural Design of Pile

5.3.1 Check for Vertical Test Load

Ultimate Vertical load capacity "N" = 0.4x fCk x Ac+ 0.67x fy x As

Where, fCk = 35 N/sqmm

Ac = 776168 sqmm
fy = 500 N/sqmm
As = 8831.25 sqmm

Substituting "N" = 1382 t > 675 t

With 1.13% steel, the section is safe.

Typical Pile design calculations are provided in Annexure - B

Provide Ast = 8831 sq mm (18 nos. of <p 25)

Spiral Reinforcement

= % dia of main steel

= Or 8mm

= 270 T

= 1000 mm
= M 35
= 25 m

Provide 12mm dia spirals.

Pitch

Concrete grade

= 150 C/C
= M35

Hence provide 12 mm dia. spiral reinforcement at 150mm pitch. The above design is carried
out with only vertical load due to self weight of pile at the critical section at depth of fixity
on the pile. Hence the above reinforcement provided is only for the test pile.

Test pile shall be casted near corresponding chainage & bore hole which are mentioned
above.

For the reinforcement detailing of the test pile refer Sketch ROB021.

6 Specifications for Initial Vertical Load Test

6.1 Pile Testing

The load testing on piles shall be conducted as per IS: 2911 (Part 4] -1985.

6.2 Test Load

The Safe vertical Load at cut off level = Vl

Maximum Test load =2.5Vl

The initial load test has to be carried out by maintained load method using anchor pile
system as per IS: 2911 (Part 4].

6.3 Maintained Load Test on Piles

The load shall be applied by means of hydraulic jacks reacting against a symmetrically
placed platform supported by anchor piles which shall be capable of transferring 1.25 times
the maximum test load on the pile. The hydraulic jack shall be of adequate capacity and
shall have a pressure gauge and remote control pump.

The testing agency shall arrange all the necessary equipment and the anchor pile system
well in advance of the load test. Detailed proposal together with a sketch for the load test
arrangement shall be furnished by the testing agency to the Engineer for the latter’s
checking and approval.

The pile to be tested shall be chipped and dressed to a well-levelled surface. It is important
that reinforcing bars of the pile do not project beyond the top surface of the levelled pile
top.

A circular steel plate of suitable thickness and of bigger diameter than the diameter of the
pile shall be placed over a fine layer of sand spread over the top of the pile.

One or two jacks, depending on the capacity of the jacks and the ultimate test load shall be
used. The jacks should preferably be connected and operated by one pump. Hydraulic jacks

shall be selected such that the maximum hydraulic oil pressure should not exceed 300
kg/cm2 under the maximum test load.

The testing agency shall submit calibration charts showing the correctness of the calibration
of the pressure gauges and the jacks before use. All jacks will be fitted with locking devices.
Another plate of suitable thickness shall be placed over the ram of the jack, which is later
raised by operating the hydraulic pump so that the plate on the top of the ram butts against
the bottom flange of the main R.S.J ‘s of the platform.

Reading of settlement and rebound shall be recorded with the help of two (preferably four]
dial gauges of 0.01 mm sensitivity and resting on diametrically opposite ends of the pile cap.

The dial gauges shall be fixed to a support at least 3 times the diameter of the pile or a
minimum of 1.50 m away clear from the edge of pile. Readings on the dial gauges are to be
observed immediately before and after application of loads, and immediately before and
after release of loads.

The loading shall be applied in increments of 20 % of the estimated safe load.

The sequence of loading shall be as described below

Table 6-1 Loading and Unloading Sequence for the Vertical Load Test Pile 1 & 2

Loading Pattern Stage Starting Load Final Load

(% of Safe vertical (% of Safe vertical
Load VL) Load VL)
Loading I 0 20
Loading II 20 40
Loading III 40 60
Loading IV 60 80
Loading V 80 100
Loading VI 100 120
Loading VII 120 140
Loading VIII 140 160
Loading IX 160 180
Loading X 180 200
Loading XI 200 220
Loading XII 220 240
Loading XIII 240 250
Unloading XIV 250 0

Each stage of loading shall be maintained until any of the following criteria occurs first:

• The rate of movement of the pile top is 0.1 mm in first 30 minutes

• The rate of movement of the pile top is 0.2 mm in first 60 minutes

• Till 2 hours

During the unloading stages, the load on the pile shall be maintained for a minimum of 15
minutes and the subsequent elastic rebound in the pile shall be measured accurately by dial
gauges.

The final load shall be maintained for 24 hrs. and the corresponding settlement shall be
observed. Rebounding shall be recorded after the entire load is released.

The pile test data shall be suitably presented by curves drawn between variables namely
load and displacement and safe loads shown on the graphs including field observations.

The readings for settlement and rebound shall be entered in the following formats

Load Time Dial Gauge Reading Settlement Mean Remarks

Gauge 1 Gauge 2 Gauge 1 Gauge 2 settlement
The dial gauge readings shall be taken for the following time intervals in minutes of 1, 2,4,8,15, 30,60 and 120.

6.4 Plant and Equipment

All temporary work plant and equipment for supplying the load and all necessary
instruments for measurements of loads, deflection etc. shall be provided by the testing
agency. The equipment provided shall be capable to apply slowly and smoothly and to
maintain the load at any required value. The load shall be measured by a single load cell /
proving ring or a similar device calibrated in divisions not exceeding 5 t. All increments of
load shall be maintained to 5 t. A spherical seating of appropriate size shall be used to avoid
eccentric loading.

6.5 Records

The testing agency shall keep the following records of the tests

• Make and specification of the jacks, pressure gauges and dial gauges.

• Calibration of pressure gauges and dial gauges.

• Description of location and identification marks of piles.

• The table of load - settlement data

• A plot of the load - settlement curve indicating the load for 10 mm settlement and that
for 10% of pile diameter, if achieved.

6.6 Acceptance Criteria

The Safe Capacity of Piles is considered to be the least of the following as per IS: 2911, (Part

4)

• 2/3rd of the load corresponding to 12 mm settlement

• 50 % of the load corresponding to a settlement of 10% of pile diameter, i.e. 100 mm.

Typical Pile Capacity at CH:31+226 (at Pier P2 location) Normal Case

Pile Diameter 1,000 mm Factor of Safety for Shaft Friction

Earth Pressure
Coefficient, Ks , ’ 1.25 Factor of Safety for Base Resistance
Max. Eff, Overburden
Pressure at pile tip 20.00 t/m2 Adhesion Factor, a
1.00 d/f = Unit wt of soil (t/m3)
Pile Cap Depth (m) 1.50 UnitwtofConrete (t/m3)
4

depth from GL to
bottom of Pile cap
(m)
2.00
Pile Fixity condition
at top a Fixed (Fixed or Free)
Pile Bottom Level = 263.207 m
Pile cutoff Level ■ 263.257 m
Grade of Concrete ■ 35.0 N/mm2
Modulus of subgrade
reaction at fixity
zone E 5250.0 kN/m3
Type of soil in fixity =
zone Medium Sand (Sand or Clay)
Unsupported Length
of Pile, LI ft 0.00 m
Allowable
displacement of pile
at head ■ 10.0 mm
(For Horizontal
capacity)

2.5

2.5

0.4

1.0

2.5

TOTAL LENGTH OF PILE BELOW

25.0 m

Eff, Resist, PDU = A„ * ([Link] + [Link] + O.S.g.l

Reduced level Effective Overburd Based on Mayerhoffs eqn.
Thickness of Layer Angle of Unit wt, of en
Angle of Shearing
S. No from below Pile cap Cohesion, C (t/m2) Wall soil Pressure P„U (in
From To Resistance, f Nq n6 [Link] [Link]
(m) friction, d (t/m3) at tip 0.5.g.B tonnes)
(t/m ]2 ■ N
«
Overburden 2.00
1 2.0 3.0 1.0 3.5 25.0 25.0 0.90 2.90 9.00 10.00 10.88 31.50 29.00 4.90 51.4
 2 3.0 6.0 3.0 3.5 25.0 25.0 0.95 5.75 9.00 10.00 10.88 31.50 57.50 5.17 74.0
3 6.0 10.0 4.0 3,5 25.0 25.0 0.97 9.63 9.00 10.00 10.88 31.50 96.30 5.28 104.5
4 10.0 14.0 4.0 0.0 31.0 31.0 0.98 13.55 9.00 24.60 27.53 0.00 333.33 13.49 272.4
5 14.0 18.0 4.0 0,0 31.0 28.0 0.99 17.51 9.00 24.60 27.53 0.00 430.75 13.63 349.0
6 18.0 26.0 8.0 4.8 22.0 22.0 1.00 20.00 9.00 10.00 5.39 43.20 200.00 2.70 193.1
7 26.0 27.0 . 1.0 0.0 31.0 31.0 1.00 20.00 9.00 24.60 27.53 0.00 492.00 13.76 397.2

0'

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. ut

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Design'

>Dirs

CtGf

SUMMARY OF DESIGN I PADS FOR TEST PILE

Pile dia Length of 1000 mm 25 m

pile

Vertical Load Test

Vertical pile capacity
required = Vertical
test load =
270 t 675 t

Horizontal Load
Test Horizontal load
required =
Horizontal Test load
= Self wt of pile =
Bending moment at
fixity level =
6 t 15 t 11.63 t 55.67 t
ULS design loads p
=1.0*11.6;= M
=2.5*55.6; = 11.6 t 139.2 t
Reinforcement req. dia 18 nos in first layer

% rein = 1.13%

Rife Design

Service Condition

BASIC DATA:

D Diameter of the section 1 m

Ap Area of c/s 0.79 m2
p Axial Thrust 11.63 tons
Mres Resultant Moment 56 tm
e Eccentricity 4.787 ni
m Modular Ratio 10
c Clear Cover 75 mm
Providing 25 f 18 nos in one layer

As Total Steel Area 8835.73 mm2

1.13 > 0.4056
%age of steel Hence OK
<
Assumed Dist of NA 0.280 m
A Area of the sector = 0.1797 m2
X Centroid of sector from circle center = 0.34
m
Ixx Moment of Inertia = 0.00097 m'1
fck 35 Mpa
fy 500 Mpa
Transformed Steel Area 79521,6 mm1
■Aeir Effective Area 0.259 m2
For Cg,rr taking moment about the physical centroid of the whole section
C&rfT.C’ 0.1797*0.34/0.259 = 0.233 m
e -e‘ 4.79-0.23 * 4.555 m
x - e’ 0.34-0.23 3 0,103 rn
Urr 0.0144 m'1
0.012 m (U/tArf'tc-
Distance of NA below e' e1)))
CHECK 0.012 m (+- -1 0.000(Goal seek
this value to 2ero
by chancing assumed NA

MAXIMUM COMPRESSIVE STRESS IN CONCRETE

17 Km 11.63/0,259 = 44.87 t/m2

P(e-e')(D/2-e')/U« 11.6295976977172*(4.787-0.23)*(l/2-0.23 1 986,6498 t/m2

fc 44.87+986.65

Permissible compressive stress in concrete, fc

MAXIMUM TENSILE STRESS IN STEEL

P/ A„,

P(e-e') 11.63*4.555

d 1-0.075

d-D/2+e' 0.925-1/2+0.233

1031.52 t/m2
1563.333 t/m2

44.87 t/m2
• 52.968 t-m

= 0.925 m

= 0.658 m

ft 10* (44.87-(52.97*0.658/0.0144))

Permissible tensile stress in steel, fs

-23805.8 t/m2
-24464.83 t/m2

Ductile Rein forcemeht

AG

AK

(AG/AK’l)

Fitch

Area of Steel Required for hoop

Provide 8 Dia Bar

TT:
f*.

4906250

4334749

0.131842

ISO mm
42.258 mm*2
113.04 nm*3

irector

OK

OK

OK

5,0 Summary of Calculations

Pile Diameter

Pile Length

Safe Vertical Capacity

Horizontal capacity for a Displacement of

10.0 mti

1 in
25 ;ii
270 Tons
16 Tons

pY u/v

•"O

110

-V-t
c-.

sf.

Of.

cs

to

3.0 Minimum Pile Length for lateral Capacity

Minimum Pile Length for flexible pile, Lmin

Where, T = Relative stiffness factor

Let us consider a minimum length of pile, Lmin = 4.0 times T

4.0 Moment calulatuions for pile reinforcement

a) For Free Head Pile

Pile fixity condition at top

The horizontal capacity, H

Where, y = Diaplacement of pile at head

Type of Soil in fixity zone

Modulus of subgrade reaction at fixity zone, K

Relative Stiffness factor, T = (EI/K)A(l/5)

Ratio of Ll/T or Ll/R

Lf/T or Lf/R * (From Graph orTable of values]

LI = Unsupported length of pile

Lf = Fixity length of pile

Safe
Horizontal
capacity for
free head

condition h = 16.0 Tons

Design

Horizontal

capacity

required , „

6.0 tons

Test load is taken 2.5 times design horizontal force

Max Test horizontal force H

Free head moment H(L1+Lf)

Reduction Factor
Bending Moment for test pile

>4T

3.12 m
12.47 m

free

3*E*I*y / (Ll+Lf)A3
0.01 m
Medium Sand
5250.0 kN/m2
3.12 m
0.48118
1.9

1.5 m
5,92 m

12 ton
89 T-m
0.5

45 T-m
 Thickness of Layer Total Ult. due to Bearing
Shaft (Tonnes Safe Load Pile
—ETTTUVFF' burden Shaft Friction Psu -( S([Link]).Asl „[Link]) Load after
from below Pile cap Capacity,
S. No Pressure at e g of the A , (m2) Length deduction of
(m) ([Link],.Tan d). Asj a.c-As Pn, P u Frictio ) (Tonnes) (m)
layer 'Pdl' s pile self
(Tonnes] n
1 1,000 2.45 3.14 4.49 4.40 8.88 60.2 3.6 20.5 24.1 1.0 23.6
2 3.000 4.33 9.42 23,76 13.19 45.84 119.8 18.3 29.6 47.9 4.0 46.0
3 4.000 7.69 12.57 56.33 17.59 119.76 224.3 47.9 41.8 89.7 8.0 85.94
4 4.000 11.59 12.57 109.39 0.00 229.15 501.5 91.7 109.0 200.6 12.0 195.0
5 4.000 1S.53 12.57 129.71 0.00 358.86 707.9 143.5 139.6 283.1 16.0 275.6
6 8.000 20.00 25.13 253.86 48.25 660.97 854.1 264.4 77.3 341.6 24.0 330.3
7 1.000 20.00 3.14 47.19 0.00 708.16 1105.4 283.3 158.9 442.2 25.0 430.4
8 0.000 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 708.16 708.2 283.3 0.0 283.3 25.0 271.5
9 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 708.16 708.2 283.3 0.0 283.3 25.0 271.5

al Length of the Pile capacity is = 270

■ 25.0 say the
vertical

2.0 Fixity Depth

Calculation

Modulus of subgrade
reaction at fixity
zone, K = 5250.0 kN/m3
Where, fck = 35 N/mm2
Characteristic
strength of concrete

Elastic modulus of = 31,500 N/mm2

concrete, Ec = 5000 *
SQRT(fck)
= 32000000 kN/m2
D = Diameter of the = m
pile 1
Moment of inertia of - 0.04909 m4
Pile, 1 3.14/64*DA4

Relative Stiffness = 3.12 m

factor,T =
(El/K)A(l/5)

Unsupported length - 0.0 m

of pile, LI
=
0
Ratio of Ll/T or Ll/R
Lf/T or Lf /R =
(From Graph or = 2.1
Table of values)
Therefore, Fixity - 6.55 m
Depth, Lf=
Fixity depth, in terms = 6.55 Times the diameter
of diameter of pile

PV

irector