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Magnetic Moment and Magnetization Analysis

The document summarizes the magnetization of a system of magnetic moments in an external magnetic field. It shows that the energy of a single magnetic moment is proportional to the magnitude of the magnetic field. Each moment can have two orientations, resulting in a partition function that is the sum of exponential terms. The average magnetic moment is then derived as the magnetic moment multiplied by the tanh of the ratio of energy to thermal energy. Finally, the magnetization of the system is given as the average magnetic moment per unit volume, proportional to tanh of the energy ratio.

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RaghuRam
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8 views2 pages

Magnetic Moment and Magnetization Analysis

The document summarizes the magnetization of a system of magnetic moments in an external magnetic field. It shows that the energy of a single magnetic moment is proportional to the magnitude of the magnetic field. Each moment can have two orientations, resulting in a partition function that is the sum of exponential terms. The average magnetic moment is then derived as the magnetic moment multiplied by the tanh of the ratio of energy to thermal energy. Finally, the magnetization of the system is given as the average magnetic moment per unit volume, proportional to tanh of the energy ratio.

Uploaded by

RaghuRam
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

In the uniform external magnetic field, the energy of a interaction of a single magnetic moment is,

  mB
Here, m is magnetic moment and B is magnitude of external magnetic field.

Each magnet has two allowed orientations in a uniform magnetic field. So,
  mB
The partition function of the system is,
 s
Z  e 

s
mB mB

e  e 

 mB 
 2 cosh  
  

The average value for the magnetic moment of a single magnet is


 mB 
mB

m e   e  
m   
Z

 mB 
Substitute 2 cosh   for Z
  
 mB 
2sinh  
m m   
 mB 
2 cosh  
  
 mB 
 m tanh  
  

The magnetization M is defined as magnetic moment per unit volume.


2s m
M
V

If n is the number of spins per unit volume.


M n m
 mB 
Substitute m tanh   for m .
  
 mB 
M  nm tanh  
  
 mB 
Therefore, the magnetization of the magnetic moment in a model system is nm tanh   .
  
The average alignment of neighbors of electric dipole, in the mean field approximation is


si  tanh  n s 
Here, s is the average dipole alignment over the entire system and Here, n is the
number of nearest neighboring dipole and  is the interaction energy.

e n s  e  n s
si 
e n s  e  n s

Multiply and divide the above equation with e   n s and simplify,


e n s  e  n s e  n s
si 
e n s  e  n s e  n s

n s
kT

 tanh 1 s

n s  kT tanh  s 1

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