Borobudur is Hindu - Budhist temple.
It was build in the nineth century under
Sailendra dynasty of ancient Mataram kingdom. Borobudur is located in
Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia.
Borobudur is well-known all over the world. Its construction is influenced by the
Gupta architecture of India. The temple is constructed on a hill 46 m high and
consist of eight step like stone terrace. The first five terrace are square and
surrounded by walls adorned with Budist sculpture in bas-relief. The upper three
are circular. Each of them is with a circle of bell shape-stupa. The entire adifice is
crowned by a large stupa at the centre at the centre of the top circle. The way to
the summit extends through some 4.8 km of passage and starways. The design of
borobudur which symbolizes the structure of universe influences temples at
Angkor, Cambodia.
Borobudur temple which is rededicated as an Indonesian monument in 1983 is a
valuable treasure for Indonesian people.
Analyzing the Text
Generic Structure Analysis
Identification; identifying the phenomenon to be described in general; Borobudur
temple
Description; describing the Borobudur temple in parts; eight terraces of
Borobudur temple and its characteristics
Language Feature Analysis
Using adjective and classifiers; valuable
Using simple present tense; Borobudur is well-known,The temple is constructed,
etc
[Link]
[Link]
Sydney Opera House
The Sydney Opera House is a multi-venue performing arts centre on
Bennelong Point in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was conceived and
largely built by Danish architect J?rn Utzon, who in 2003 received the Pritzker
Prize, architecture's highest honour.[1] The citation stated There is no doubt that
the Sydney Opera House is his masterpiece. It is one of the great iconic buildings
of the 20th century, an image of great beauty that has become known throughout
the world – a symbol for not only a city, but a whole country and continent.
The Opera House was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site on 28 June
2007.[2] It is one of the 20th century's most distinctive buildings, and one of the
most famous performing arts centres in the world.
The Sydney Opera House is situated on Bennelong Point in Sydney
Harbour, close to the Sydney Harbour Bridge. It sits at the north-eastern tip of the
Sydney central business district (the CBD), surrounded on three sides by the
harbour (Sydney Cove and Farm Cove), and neighboured by the Royal Botanic
Gardens.
Contrary to its name, the building houses several separate venues rather
than a single opera theatre, the two main venues, the Opera Theatre and the
Concert Hall, being housed in the two larger sets of shells. The Sydney Opera
House is a major presenting venue for Opera Australia, The Australian Ballet, the
Sydney Theatre Company and the Sydney Symphony, as well as hosting many
touring productions in a variety of performance genres, and is a major tourist
attraction. It is administered by the Sydney Opera House Trust, under the New
South Wales Ministry of the Arts.
The Sydney Opera House is a modern expressionist design,with a series of
large precast concrete 'shells',[3] each composed of sections of a hemisphere of
the same radius, forming the roofs of the structure, set on a monumental podium.
The building covers 1.8 hectares (4.5 acres) of land, and is 183 metres (605 ft)
long and 120 metres (388 ft) wide at its widest point. It is supported on 588
concrete piers sunk as much as 25 metres below sea level. Its power supply is
equivalent to that of a town of 25,000 people, and is distributed by 645.5
kilometres (401 miles) of electrical cable.[citation needed]
The roofs of the House are covered in a subtle chevron pattern with
1,056,006 glossy white and matte cream colored Swedish-made tiles from H?gan?
s AB,[4] though from a distance the shells appear a uniform white. Despite the
tiles' self-cleaning nature, they do require periodic maintenance and replacement.
[citation needed]
The Concert Hall is located within the western group of shells, the Opera
Theatre within the eastern group. The scale of the shells was chosen to reflect the
internal height requirements, with low entrance spaces, rising over the seating
areas and up to the high stage towers. The minor venues (Drama Theatre,
Playhouse, and The Studio) are located beneath the Concert Hall, as part of the
western shell group. A much smaller group of shells set to one side of the
Monumental Steps houses the Bennelong Restaurant. Although the roof structures
of the Sydney Opera House are commonly referred to as shells (as they are in this
article), they are in fact not shells in a strictly structural sense, but are instead
precast concrete panels supported by precast concrete ribs.
[Link]
[Link]
The Eiffel Tower
The Eiffel Tower (French: Tour Eiffel, [tu? ?f?l]) is a 19th century iron
lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris that has become both a global
icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world. The Eiffel
Tower, which is the tallest building in Paris, is the single most visited paid
monument in the world; millions of people ascend it every year. Named after its
designer, engineer Gustave Eiffel, the tower was built as the entrance arch for the
1889 World's Fair.
The tower stands at 324 m (1,063 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81-
story building. It was the tallest structure in the world from its completion until
1930, when it was eclipsed by the Chrysler Building in New York City. Not
including broadcast antennas, it is the second-tallest structure in France, behind
the Millau Viaduct, completed in 2004. And while the Eiffel Tower is a steel
structure, and weighs approximately 10,000 tonnes, it actually has a relatively low
density, weighing less than a cylinder of air occupying the same dimensions as the
tower.
The tower has three levels for visitors. Tickets can be purchased to ascend
either on stairs or lifts to the first and second levels. The walk to the first level is
over 300 steps, as is the walk from the first to the second level. The third and
highest level is only accessible by lift. Both the first and second levels feature
restaurants.
The tower has become the most prominent symbol of both Paris and
France. The tower is a featured part of the backdrop in literally scores of movies
that take place in Paris. Its iconic status is so established that it even serves as a
symbol for the entire nation of France, such as when it was used as the logo for
the French bid to host the 1992 Summer Olympics.
The metal structure of the Eiffel Tower weighs 7,300 tonnes while the
entire structure including non-metal components is approximately 10,000 tonnes.
Depending on the ambient temperature, the top of the tower may shift away from
the sun by up to 18 cm (7.1 in) because of thermal expansion of the metal on the
side facing the sun. As demonstration of the economy of design, if the 7300
tonnes of the metal structure were melted down it would fill the 125 meter square
base to a depth of only 6 cm (2.36 in), assuming a density of the metal to be 7.8
tonnes per cubic meter. The tower has a mass less than the mass of the air
contained in a cylinder of the same dimensions, that is 324 meters high and 88.3
meters in radius. The weight of the tower is 10,100 tonnes compared to 10,265
tonnes of air.
More than 200,000,000 people have visited the tower since its construction
in 1889, including 6,719,200 in 2006, making it the most visited paid monument
in the world.