MONOGRAPH EATING DISORDERS
STUDENT:
GUANILO NEYRA KATHERINE ESTEFANI
MISS:
PLASCENCIA MARIL
CYCLE
CONVERSATION 01
NUEVO CHIMBOTE PER
2015
INDEX
Introduction....1
About Eating Disorders........................................................................................................2
Causes of Eating Disorders..................................................................................................3
Anorexia.................................................................................................................................4
Bulimia...................................................................................................................................4
The Effects of Eating Disorders...........................................................................................5
Warning Signs.......................................................................................................................6
If You Suspect an Eating Disorder......................................................................................7
Treating Eating Disorders....................................................................................................8
Preventing Eating Disorders................................................................................................8
Conclusion....9
INTRODUCTION
It is difficult in a society to prevent to people from falling into diseases and disorders
related to self-esteem, image and fashion, which created myths, speculations and
complications about the simplest things.
Eating disorders as its name say revolve around food, so it is difficult to fight because
eating is the core of our culture, eating is necessary for the body, but unfortunately many
myths have been created around food. In every culture there is a concept of beauty, for
example in some African tribes women with long necks and thick lips are the most
attractive, formerly in Chinese women with small feet and short walk were considered sex
symb.
In the West we have developed the concept of beauty is thinness. Currently more than a
third of young people want to lose weight, due to the pressure exerted on this medium.
Anorexia causes the life of those suffering turn around food but not to consume, it makes it
unbearable to live with. Eating disorders are propagated with the effectiveness of a virus
although they are not.
To the extent that science progresses and new technology appear both physical and mental
illnesses and ignoring many of its causes and consequences. The issue of eating disorders
generated many questions, because sometimes those can be confused with a healthy
lifestyle through fashion, beauty, health and beauty cases that are reflected in different
professions like acting, modeling, ballet and practice sports.
The AMERICAN ASSOCIATION PSYCHIATRIC revealed in a 1994 study that
prevalence among teenage girls who meet all the diagnostic criteria was 0.5 to 1% and the
possibility of death was triggered in low, currently the anorexia and bulimia nervosa have
become the second leading cause of death for teenagers in the world. The novelty of this
issue is not about the disorder, if not the increase that has been generated in men, women
and children because even a few decades ago we talked about fashion and beauty in
women, now just as occurs in men showing that the famous liberation development in both
sexes.
1
A BOUT E ATING D ISORDERS
Generally, eating disorders involve self-critical, negative thoughts and feelings about body
weight and food, and eating habits that disrupt normal body function and daily activities.
While more common among girls, eating disorders can affect boys, too. They're so common
in the U.S. that 1 or 2 out of every 100 kids will struggle with one, most commonly
anorexia or bulimia. Unfortunately, many kids and teens successfully hide eating disorders
from their families for months or even years.
People with anorexia have an extreme fear of weight gain and a distorted view of their
body size and shape. As a result, they strive to maintain a very low body weight. Some
restrict their food intake by dieting, fasting, or excessive exercise. People with anorexia try
to eat as little as possible, and take in as few calories as they can, frequently obsessing over
food intake.
Bulimia is characterized by habitual binge eating and purging. Someone with bulimia may
undergo weight fluctuations, but rarely experiences the low weight associated with
anorexia. Both disorders can involve compulsive exercise or other forms of purging food
eaten, such as by self-induced vomiting or laxative use.
Although anorexia and bulimia are very similar, people with anorexia are usually very thin
and underweight but those with bulimia may be a normal weight or even overweight.
Binge eating disorders, food phobia, and body image disorders are also becoming
increasingly common in adolescence.
It's important to remember that eating disorders can easily get out of hand and are difficult
habits to break. Eating disorders are serious clinical problems that require professional
treatment by doctors, therapists, and nutritionists.
Unfortunately, for a number of kids and teens, that concern can lead to an obsession that
can become an eating disorder. Eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia
nervosa cause dramatic weight fluctuation, interfere with normal daily life, and can
permanently affect their health.
Parents can help prevent kids from developing an eating disorder by building their self-
esteem and encouraging healthy attitudes about nutrition and appearance. If you become
worried that your son or daughter might be developing an eating disorder, it's important to
step in and seek proper medical care.
C AUSES OF E ATING D ISORDERS
2
The causes of eating disorders aren't entirely clear. However, a combination of
psychological, genetic, social, and family factors are thought to be involved.
For kids with eating disorders, there may be a difference between the way they see
themselves and how they actually look. People with anorexia or bulimia often have an
intense fear of gaining weight or being overweight and think they look bigger than they
actually are. Also, certain sports and activities (like cheerleading, gymnastics, ballet, ice
skating, and wrestling) that emphasize certain weight classes may put some kids or teens at
greater risk for eating disorders.
There is also an increased incidence of other problems among kids and teens with eating
disorders, like anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Sometimes, problems
at home can put kids at higher risk of problem eating behaviors.
Some research suggests that media images contribute to the rise in the incidence of eating
disorders. Most celebrities in advertising, movies, TV, and sports programs are very thin,
and this may lead girls to think that the ideal of beauty is extreme thinness. Boys, too, may
try to emulate a media ideal by drastically restricting their eating and compulsively
exercising to build muscle mass.
Concerns about eating disorders are also beginning at an alarmingly young age. Research
shows that 42% of first- to third-grade girls want to be thinner, and 81% of 10-year-olds are
afraid of being fat. In fact, most kids with eating disorders began their disordered eating
between the ages of 11 and 13.
Many kids who develop an eating disorder have low self-esteem and their focus on weight
can be an attempt to gain a sense of control at a time when their lives feel more out-of-
control.
A NOREXIA
3
People with anorexia have a real fear of weight gain and a distorted view of their body size
and shape. As a result, they eat very little and can become dangerously underweight. Many
teens with anorexia restrict their food intake by dieting, fasting, or excessive exercise. They
hardly eat at all and the small amount of food they do eat becomes an obsession in terms
of calorie counting or trying to eat as little as possible.
Others with anorexia may start binge eating and purging eating a lot of food and then
trying to get rid of the calories by making themselves throw up, using some type of
medication or laxatives, or exercising excessively, or some combination of these.
B ULIMIA
Bulimia is similar to anorexia. With bulimia, people might binge eat (eat to excess) and
then try to compensate in extreme ways, such as making themselves throw up or exercising
all the time, to prevent weight gain. Over time, these steps can be dangerous both
physically and emotionally. They can also lead to compulsive behaviors (ones that are hard
to stop).
To have bulimia, a person must be binging and purging regularly, at least once a week for a
couple of months. Binge eating is different from going to a party and "pigging out" on
pizza, then deciding to go to the gym the next day and eat more healthfully
People with bulimia eat a large amount of food (often junk food) at once, usually in secret.
Sometimes they eat food that is not cooked or might be still frozen, or retrieve food from
the trash. They typically feel powerless to stop the eating and can only stop once they're too
full to eat any more, or they may have to go to extreme measures (like pouring salt all over
a dessert to make it inedible) in order to get themselves to stop eating. Most people with
bulimia then purge by vomiting, but also may use laxatives or excessive exercise.
Although anorexia and bulimia are very similar, people with anorexia are usually very thin
and underweight, but those with bulimia may be an average weight or can be overweight.
T HE E FFECTS OF E ATING D ISORDERS
4
While eating disorders can result from serious mental and behavioral health conditions, as
well as trauma (for example, sexual abuse), they can lead to very serious physical health
problems. Anorexia or bulimia may cause dehydration and other medical complications like
heart problems or kidney failure. In extreme cases, eating disorders can lead to severe
malnutrition and even death.
With anorexia, the body goes into starvation mode and the lack of nutrition can affect the
body in many ways:
a drop in blood pressure, pulse, and breathing rate
hair loss and fingernail breakage
loss of periods
lanugo hair, a soft hair that can grow all over the skin
lightheadedness and inability to concentrate
anemia
swollen joints
brittle bones
With bulimia, frequent vomiting and lack of nutrients can cause:
constant stomach pain
damage to the stomach and kidneys
tooth decay (from exposure to stomach acids)
"chipmunk cheeks," when the salivary glands permanently expand from throwing
up so often
loss of periods
loss of the mineral potassium (this can contribute to heart problems and even death)
W ARNING S IGNS
5
It can be a challenge for parents to tell the difference between kids' normal self-image
concerns and warning signs of an eating disorder.
While many kids and teens girls in particular are self-conscious, compare themselves
with others, and talk about dieting, this doesn't necessarily mean they have eating disorders.
Kids with eating disorders show serious problems with their eating and often have physical
signs.
Someone with anorexia might:
become very thin, frail, or emaciated
be obsessed with eating, food, and weight control
weigh herself or himself repeatedly
count or portion food carefully
only eat certain foods, avoid foods like dairy, meat, wheat, etc. (of course, lots of
people who are allergic to a particular food or are vegetarians avoid certain foods)
exercise excessively
feel fat
withdraw from social activities, especially meals and celebrations involving food
be depressed, lethargic (lacking in energy), and feel cold a lot
Someone with bulimia might:
fear weight gain
be intensely unhappy with body size, shape, and weight
make excuses to go to the bathroom immediately after meals
only eat diet or low-fat foods (except during binges)
regularly buy laxatives, diuretics, or enemas
spend a lot of time working out or trying to work off calories
withdraw from social activities, especially meals and celebrations involving food
I F Y OU S USPECT AN E ATING D ISORDER
6
If you suspect your son or daughter has an eating disorder, it's important to intervene and
help your child get diagnosed and treated.
Kids with eating disorders often react defensively and angrily when confronted for the first
time. Many have trouble admitting, even to themselves, that they have a problem.
Sometimes getting a family member or friend who has been treated for an eating disorder
can help encourage someone to get help. A fear of being fat or overweight is a core problem
for anyone with an eating disorder. So it's understandable that kids with eating disorders
don't want to go to a clinic and "get fat."
Trying to help when someone doesn't think he or she needs it can be hard. Still, getting the
professional assistance needed, even if your child resists, is essential. Enlist help from
friends and family that your son or daughter trusts and loves people known to have your
child's best interests at heart.
Your child may be more receptive to a conversation if you focus on your own concerns and
use "I" statements rather than "you" statements. For example, steer clear of statements like
"you have an eating disorder" or "you're too thin," which may only prompt anger and
denial. Instead, try "I'm worried that you have lost so much weight so quickly." Cite
specific things your child has said or done that have made you worry, and explain that you
will be scheduling a doctor's appointment to put your own mind at ease.
If you still encounter resistance, talk with your doctor or a mental health care professional
about other approaches.
T REATING E ATING D ISORDERS
7
Treatment focuses on helping kids cope with their disordered eating behaviors and establish
new patterns of thinking about and approaching food. This can involve medical
supervision, nutritional counseling, and therapy. The professionals will address a child's
perception about body size, shape, eating, and food.
Kids who are severely malnourished may require hospitalization and ongoing care after
their medical condition stabilizes.
Generally, the earlier the intervention (ideally, before malnutrition or a continual binge-
purge cycle starts), the shorter the treatment required.
P REVENTING E ATING D ISORDERS
You can play a powerful role in your child's development of healthy attitudes about food
and nutrition. Your own body image can influence your kids. If you constantly say "I'm
fat," complain about exercise, and practice "yo-yo" dieting, your kids might feel that a
distorted body image is normal and acceptable.
At a time of great societal concern about obesity, it can be tricky for parents to talk with
their kids about their eating habits. It's best to emphasize health, rather than weight. Make
sure your kids know you love them for who they are, not how they look.
It's OK to appreciate attractiveness in celebrities if your kids (and you!) feel fine about
how they look, it won't prompt them to try to change to be like someone else. Getting the
message that they're great as they are and that their bodies are healthy and strong is a
wonderful gift that parents can give their kids.
Try to avoid power struggles regarding food if your teen wants to "go vegetarian," be
supportive even if you're an avid meat-eater. Teens frequently go through trendy eating
periods, so try to set good limits, encourage healthy eating, and avoid fighting over food
issues. Kids can catch on pretty quickly if their parents panic over one skipped meal. Try to
gain perspective and talk to your kids about what's going on if they don't want to eat with
the family.
8
Finally, take an active role in creating a healthy lifestyle for your family. Involve your kids
in the preparation of healthy, nutritious meals. Let them know that it's OK to eat when
hungry and refuse food when they're not. Also, make exercise a fun, rewarding, and regular
family activity.
Developing your own healthy attitudes about food and exercise will set an excellent
example for your kids.
CONCLUSION
At the end of this work, I can conclude that it was an interesting topic, if I had the
opportunity to return to the beginning of my practice would choose this subject again,
the theme was very interesting, I learned much more than I had planned, I fulfilled my
goals successfully . One of the most important things not to initial parts of my goals is
to have learned the methodology of an investigation or inquiry.
Although we know that this disease affects women in greater numbers, as there now no
restricts sex or age because today men, adolescents and adults suffering from this
disease due to different causes.
I could identify what are the factors that influence the development of the disease.
To avoid this, parents should have better communication with their children properly
advise and be aware of the various changes that could be seen in them.
Identify that children do not suffer from low self-esteem, or being a victim of bullying,
as this is often the main cause of eating disorders.