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Metamorphic Rocks: Formation and Types

Metamorphic rocks form from existing rock subjected to high heat and pressure, often deep underground or in tectonic collisions at the edges of continents. They make up 12% of the Earth's surface and are classified based on texture and mineral composition. The document provides examples of how sedimentary shale can metamorphose into slate, phyllite, or schist depending on the levels of pressure and temperature experienced. It also explains how granite can transform into the banded gneiss under increased pressure during metamorphism. Metamorphic rocks show evidence of past stress and their formation involves complex interactions between temperature, pressure, and mineral changes in the original rock.

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Amir A. Allam
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31 views2 pages

Metamorphic Rocks: Formation and Types

Metamorphic rocks form from existing rock subjected to high heat and pressure, often deep underground or in tectonic collisions at the edges of continents. They make up 12% of the Earth's surface and are classified based on texture and mineral composition. The document provides examples of how sedimentary shale can metamorphose into slate, phyllite, or schist depending on the levels of pressure and temperature experienced. It also explains how granite can transform into the banded gneiss under increased pressure during metamorphism. Metamorphic rocks show evidence of past stress and their formation involves complex interactions between temperature, pressure, and mineral changes in the original rock.

Uploaded by

Amir A. Allam
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Report about Metamorphic Rocks Explain

the Condition Of Forming, Classification,


Chemical Composition, Properties, Uses
and Commercial Terminology.

MetaMorphic
Rocks
Schist - Gneiss

Sec:3 Group : 1
Metamorphic rocks make up a large part of the Earth's crust and form 12% of the Earth's
land surface .Uplift and Erosion help bring metamorphic rock to the Earth's surface .They
are classified by texture and by chemical and mineral assemblage .They may be formed
simply by being deep beneath the Earth's surface, subjected to high temperatures and the
great pressure of the rock layers above it. They can form from tectonic processes such as
continental collisions, which cause horizontal pressure, friction and distortion .

Formation of Metamorphic Rocks.


Metamorphism * is difficult to understand because there are many combinations of
temperature and pressure that can create
rocks. For example, mud and clay quietly settle
on the ocean floor. As more mud and clay settle
on top of it, the weight of the sediments
squeezes the water from the mud and clay on
the bottom. It becomes cemented together by
chemical interactions and it becomes a
sedimentary rock called shale. The shale is put
under moderate pressure and low temperature
due to burial or plate movements. The new
pressure and temperatures changed the
chemical makeup of the shale into the metamorphic rock called slate.

If not enough heat and temperature were applied another metamorphic rock could have
been formed called phyllite, which is not as hard as slate. However, if the shale was in an
area that was exposed to higher pressures and moderate temperatures, it might have been
transformed into schist. The clay in the shale could have been converted to mica, which
gives schist its shiny look. Granite is a light-colored rock made of quartz, feldspars, mica,
and small amounts of hornblende. The crystals of all these minerals are randomly
arranged. Granite can be metamorphosed into a rock called gneiss (pronounced like
nice). Gneiss has about the same mineral composition as granite, but the pressure of
metamorphism causes the minerals to line up, giving gneiss a distinct banded appearance.
Schist may also be converted into gneiss, if increased pressure and temperature is added.
Metamorphic rocks are a mixed up group that have been under a lot of stress .

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