jQuery - Introduction

Welcome to the odyssey with jQuery!

jQuery is a popular JS library developed by John Resig. In this journey we will explore
the basics of jQuery that includes,

Selectors and Filters

Event Handling
DOM Manipulation
AJAX
Utilities
Animations
Plugins
jQueryUI and jQuery mobile

What is jQuery?

jQuery is a JavaScript library. It is a free, highly featured, open source software

designed to make client-side programming of HTML simple with easy-to-use API .

The generic principle of jQuery is

Find something and do something to it using pre-writtern Javascript

How to find something? What can we do to it? All this will be discussed in upcoming
cards.

Advantages of jQuery
Cross Browser compatibility including IE6.
Open source and offers a lot of free plugins.
Light weight(<100KB) and can be easily included in any application.
 Simplified client side scripting that updates UI instantly in response to user
action (e.g: fadeIn ,fadeOut, ...).
AJAX Support enabling exchange of data with server and update a part of the
webpage without refresh.
Animations and a lot of effects to play with.

Using jQuery - Method 1

There are two methods to include jQuery in your page.

Method 1: The whole jQuery library is present in a single .js file. Download the jQuery
.js file from the official website and include it in your page inside the script tag.

Example:

<script src="C:\Users\JQuery\[Link]"> </script>

//Include the path of the js file in src attribute.

Using jQuery - Method 2

Instead of downloading the .js file, you can also include the .js file from CDN(Content
Delivery Network). There are a lot of famous CDN available.

Example :

Google CDN:
<script src="[Link]
pt>
Microsoft CDN:
<script src="[Link]

Advantage of using CDN is that, the user might already have the js file in the cache.
Hence the browser will load the js file from cache instead of downloading. This
makes the page load fast.

Now you might have a question... Where should I code?

You can include jQuery code inside the script tag of html file or create a .js file with the
code and include that file in the html page using script tag.
jQuery Basic Syntax
The syntax for writing a jQuery code is:

$(selector).action()

$ - used to access jQuery.

selector - identifies the HTML element on which action needs to be performed.
action() - jQuery event call that will perform a specific task.

All the jQuery code must be executed only after the page loads completely. Else,
the selector will not be able to find the required HTML element from the page.

All the jQuery code will be written inside following function, as it executes only after the
page loads completely.

$(document).ready(function(){//some code});

Quick Fact

The ready function can also be writtern by simply

using
$(function(){
//some code
});

By now you must be familiar with jQuery syntax but wondering how to use Selector?

There are three ways to use selector:

Element selector
Id selector
Class selector

All selector should have a $ and a parentheses. However, each method has its own
advantage and usage. Let's discuss each of these in detail in next few cards.

Element Selector and ID Selector

Element selector

Consider you want to select all paragraph elements in a page and do something, in this
case element selector can be used. Any valid HTML tag, can be used inside the
parentheses.

Example: $("p")
ID selector

If you want to select only a particular element in a page, you can go for Id selector. ID
must be unique throughout the page.

Example: $(#matrix) //to select div tag with id matrix

Class Selector
If you want to select a group of elements with a particular class name, use class
selector.

Examples:

To select all tags with class fresco - $(".fresco")

To select all the elements, you can use * as a selector, - $("*")

To use combination of more than one selector - $("p, #matrix, .fresco")

In addition to these basic selectors there are also selectors with special functionality.
You can find them at [Link]

Now think of a situation where you want to select only the first anchor tag in a
page or the last <p> tag of the page that has no id or class.

jQuery has a collection of filter functions for this scenario.

After selecting something from the page, you can filter them based on a condition. Let
us see the usage of some filters.

first()
eq()
filter()
not()
eq()
Every tag in the HTML page has a index that starts from zero. Take a look at the
following code to get a better understanding of indexing in tags

<div> //index 0 - div tag

<p>Fresco Play</p> //index 0 - p tag
<p>Fresco Talk</p> //index 1 - p tag
</div>
<div>index //index 1 - div tag
<p>Fresco games</p> //index 2 - p tag
</div>

Usage: If you want to select a the third <p> tag then, use $("p").eq(2)

slice() and first()

slice()

This is similar to eq() but selects a range of elements using their index

Usage To select all the <p> tags between the index 2 and 5 :$("p").slice(2,5)
first()

This is used when there is a need to select only the first element from a selected
group of elements.

Usage: $("div").first()

Similarly last() is used to filter only the last element

filter()
filter()

This will take a parameter as the filter condition and apply filter to it based on the
parameter. The selection would result in elements that matches the condition

Usage
Take a look at the following code. If you need to select only the <p> tags with class new,
then the select statement will be $("p").filter(".new")

<div class="new">
<p>Fresco Play</p>
<p>Fresco Talk</p>
</div>
<div>index
<p class="new">Fresco games</p>
</div>

If you need to select only the <p> tags without class new, then the select statement will
be $("p").not(".new")

Event Handling in jQuery

Events are actions that are performed by the user or the browser in a web
page.
For example a mouse click, keypress are the events performed by a user and
page load is an event that is performed by the browser.
Events do the real magic in making the web page dynamic.
Event handlers are the functions that are executed when an event occurs.

Are you excited to know how does jQuery handles events? Keep going.

You can associate any element in a HTML document with an event.

Just choose the target element with the help of selector and then use the
required event using dot operator
Some frequently used events are: click(), focus(), blur(), hover(), etc

jQuery Events - Usage

To add a click event to an element with id "fresco":

$("#fresco").click()

Now you should specify what should happen when the event occurs. This should be
done by passing a function to the event
$("#fresco").click(
function(){
[Link]("This is an event");
});

Let us explore some important methods related to events in upcoming cards.

on() Method
Consider a scenario where you want to perform multiple actions on single
element. This is where on() method comes into play. It helps in adding one or more
event handlers to an element.

Syntax :

$(anyElement).on( events [, selector ] [, dataForHandler ], handlerFunction )

Here the parameters are not mandatory. This will attach the on() method to the
corresponding parent element and the selector parameter will be a child element.

on() Method - Examples

Single event handler

$("div").on("click", function(){
[Link]("using on() with single event handler");
});

Multiple event handler

$("p").on({
click: function(){
[Link]("This is click event");
},
mouseover: function(){
[Link]("This is hover event");
}
});

In on() method, if the selector is not passed then it is called Direct event else it
is called Delegate event.
Event Delegation is the process of adding an event to a parent element which
will be fired only when the selector parameter in on() function matches with
the child elements(decendence).
Advantage of using this is that the event handler will not only be appended to
the existing decendence but also to all the decendence that will be added
in future

Event Delegation - Example

This example will demonstrate how event delegation in resourceful. Codepen-
Event Delegation
Here there are only two elements in the list initially and the on method will add
event handlers to them.
A new item is added only after the on() method executes but still the jQuery
appends the event handler to the newly added elements.

This explains the advantage of using the event delegation in webpages.

off() Method
Now you know how to add a event handler to an element, what if you want to remove a
event handler from an element?

Here comes off() method which will do that job.

Usage

This method accepts three parameters, the event name, selector and the event
handler. These parameters are not mandatory.

$("body").off( "click", "#fresco", myfunction );

You can also use $("body").off() to remove all the event handlers associated with the
selector.

Similarly $("body").off("click"); will remove all the click events.

preventDefault()
Some elements in HTML have default behavior attached to them, such as a
anchor tag opening an url in the browser.
In case you want to override that behavior in your page then jQuery helps
you with preventDefault() method.
This method has no parameters.
Just call the method wherever required and the default action of that element will
be terminated.

For the complete set of events and methods available in jQuery refer jQuery-Events

Now you must be familiar with event handling concepts of jQuery. Let us move to
another important aspect of jQuery, the DOM manipulation.

jQuery allows you to add, update, read and delete DOM elements. Well, the good
aspect is all these functions can be performed with less amount of coding in jQuery.

You will explore the usage of some important DOM manipulating methods in next few
cards.

html()
This method is used to read the content of any element in the HTML document
and return the text including the markup tags .

Usage: On clicking a button, and alert message "<p>Welcome to <b>jQuery</b>

course</p>" will be displayed. Even the markup tages are displayed as it is.

//script
$("button").click(function(){
alert($("p").html());
});
//HTML
<button>Click me</button>
<p>Welcome to <b>jQuery</b> course!</p>

In case you want only the text, not the markup then use text() method.
These methods can be used not only to read but also to set values to elements.

val()
This method can be used to read from or write to a form element in the
webpage. val()method used without any parameter will read values and the same can
be used to write when used with a parameter.

Usage

To read: On button click, val() will return the value present inside the input tag and
display in console

$("button").click(function(){
var s = $("input").val();
[Link](s);
});

To write: On button click, val() will set the parameter value to input element

$("button").click(function(){
$("input").val("Winter is comming");
});

append()/prepend()
Just like the name states, these are used to add content to the HTML
elements. append()will add the content to the end and prepend() will add content to
the beginning.

Usage: This will add new content at the beginning and end of the <p> element.

//script
$("p").append("<b>new content at end</b>. ");
$("p").prepend("<b>new content at beginning</b>. ");
//HTML
<p>Existing text</p>
remove()
This is used to delete the selected element and all its child element If you need to delete
only the child element then use empty() method.

Usage: $("#button_1").remove();

jQuery is equiped with a lot of animations that can make your page divine. There are a lot of
ready made methods that helps in handling effects. Let us take a look at some of them here

Fade animation
Fading is one of the most commonly used animation in webpages. jQuery offers four
types of fading animations, they are:

fadeIn(): The element is initially hidden and then made visible to user.

fadeOut(): The element is initially visible and then hidden from the view.

fadeToggle(): This is used to switch between fadeIn and fadeOut.

fadeTo(): This is used to specify how much the element should fade (opacity).

Check out the usage of Fade animation at [[Link]](Usage:

[Link] Fork the pen and play with the animation
effects.

Slide Animation
Slide is again another commonly used animation. There are three built in slide
animation:

slideIn()
slideOut()
slideToggle()

Check out the Usage of slide annimation at [Link]

stop() Method

In case you want an animation to stop in the middle of execution this method can be
used.
delay() Method

You can also use multiple effects to a single element. They will be executed in a queue
fashion. To add time interval between two effects in a queue, this method can used.

Usage: $( "div ).slideUp( 500 ).delay( 600 ).fadeIn( 300 );

Animate()
On top of ready to use animations, jQuery allows creating your own animation
using animate() method

Usage : $(selector).animate({parameter},animationSpeed,callbackMethod);

parameter is mandatory and mentions the css property that has to be animated.
animationSpeed method is optional and takes values like slow,
fast, or milliseconds.
callbackMethod is optional and specifies the function that has to be executed
after the animation ends.

You can also manipulate multiple css properties at a time. Just call multiple
animate() methods and jQuery will execute them in queue fashion.

Relative values for css properties can also be used. e.g: to increase the height by
10px relative to existing height, then use height+=10px.

Consider you want have a piece of text that is to be displayed to the users. But it has a
lot of blank space at the beginning and end.

Instead of writing separate code for that, you can make use of jQuery's utility
function $.trim().

In order to help the developers with coding jQuery offers a number of utility
methods.
They are methods without any selectors. Syntax: $.nameSpace
They help in reducing regular programming labor.
Utililty Functions
Let us see some of the commonly used utility functions

$.isArray() will return wheather the given variable is a arrray or not.

$.isPlainObject checks is the object is created using new keyword or not.

$.merge() combines two array elements into one.

$.each() used to iterate over arrays and objects.

Method $.noConflict()
This is one of the important utility method used widely.
Nowadays developers user more than one stack to create a page.
Some other stack might make use of the $ symbol of jQuery which might result in
conflict.
To avoid such conflict, use the $.noConflict() utility method.
This allows you to replace the $ with keyword jQuery in the script

$.noConflict();
jQuery( document ).ready(function( $ ) {
// JQuery code. Here note that $ is replace by jQuery in ready function
});

AJAX Stands for Asynchronous JAvaScript and XML

This helps in interchanging data with the server without page reload.
Popular websites like Gmail and facebook uses AJAX.
With the help of jQuery and AJAX, you can load text, HTML, JSON and XML
files from the server directly into the page.
There are three important AJAX methods used in jQuery: - load(), get(),
and post().

load()
This is used to load a text or html file from remote server and directly append
them to the page.

Usage:
$(selector).load(URL,data,callback);

URL is the mandatory field, which is file location address.

data and callback are optional parameters. They specify what function to be
executed after the file load.
The callback fuction can have three parameters
o responseTxt - contains resulting data from server
o statusTxt - call status: success/fail
o xhr - XMLHttpRequest object: Eg: 404 error

get()
This method also retrieves data from server just like the load method. While load will
directly inject the retrieved data into DOM, get() just retrieves the data and allows
user to manipulate it.

get() is more generic method while load is restricted to a selector.

load can handle only text or html files where as get() does not have that
restriction.

Usage:

$.get(URL,callback);

URL is the mandatory field, which is file location address.

callback is an optional function which will execute after file load. The callback
method has 2 optional parameters. They are:
o data which has the content of the file loaded from the server.
o status which states whether the load is a success or fail.

post()
This method is also used to send request to server, along with some data.

Syntax:

$.post(URL,data,callback);
 URL is the mandatory field, which is file location address.
data is the information sent along with the request.
callback is an optional function which will execute after file load. This too has
data and status as parameters.

You can take a look at all the available ajax jQuery methods here: jQuery-AJAX
methods

jQueryUI Introduction
jQueryUI is also a javascript library built on top of jQuery. It has a rich set of
plugins for the developers to make a highly interactive website with less effort.

To include jQueryUI library in your page download the .js file and .css
file from the jQueryUI website or use CDN links. The same procedure you
followed for jQuery which you must be familiar by now.
Once you include the jQueryUI in your page, you have access to the big pool
of plugins the jQueryUI offers.
You will be introduced to some basic plugins and their demos in next few cards.
Interaction is something that makes an activity fun, let it be a presentation or a
website.
jQueryUI offers some built in plugins for interactions such as selectable,
sortable, droppable, resizable and draggable.
Let us see the usage of some of these plugins in next few cards.
Interaction is something that makes an activity fun, let it be a presentation or a
website.
jQueryUI offers some built in plugins for interactions such as selectable,
sortable, droppable, resizable and draggable.
Let us see the usage of some of these plugins in next few cards.

draggable() and resizable()

draggable()

If you want to make a element dragable in the page then use this plugin.

Syntax:

$.(selector).draggable(parameters)
Parameters are key value pairs that may or may not be added to a draggable element
Eg: appendTo: "body", scroll: "false" etc.

Check out the usage at: [Link]

resizable()

Similarly to make an element resizable, this plugin is used.

Syntax:

$.(selector).resizable()(parameters)`

Parameters are key value paires such as: maxWidth:20px, maxHeight:50px, etc.

Animation Effects - jQueryUI

jQueryUI offers few special animation plugins. Using these plugins, you can add visual
effects to your page with less coding effort. Some jQueryUI effects are addClass(),
switchClass(), removeClass(), easing(), etc.,
addClass()

This effect adds a class to an element and animates all the changes that the element
undergoes.

Syntax:

$(selector).addClass( "className",parameter );

The parameters include, duration , callbackfunction, etc. Similarly, you can

use removeClassto remove any class and animate the changes.

Widgets - tabs()
This widget allows you to add tabs to your pages.
All the tab heading should be included within an <ol> or <ul> list.
Each tab "Heading" should be included in <li> and wrapped by <a> with an href
attribute that points to content.
The content of tab can be any HTML element and the id should be associated
with the <a> tag's href.
Syntax:$(selector).tabs();

Method - effect()
This method allows you to access a variety of custom effects such as bounce, scale,
size, [Link] can be added to an element using selector.

Syntax:

$(selector).effect( effectName,options);

Options can be duration of animation, function that will execute after

calling effect() etc.

Check the Usage at: [Link]

These effects can be combined with methods such as show, hide and toggle to
get some custom effects.

Appart form this you can also create your own widget in jQueryUI and use them in you
website. Follow this guide to create your own widget: jQuery - create widget