USMCA2015
The 14th International Symposium on New Technologies for Urban Safety of Mega
Cities in Asia
October 29-30, 2015
Radisson Hotel, Kathmandu, Nepal
Exploration of Different Retrofitting Options for RC
Frame Buildings in Kathmandu
Jointly Organized By: Sponsored by
National Society for Earthquake Technology-Nepal (NSET) The Foundation for the
International Center for Urban Safety Engineering (ICUS) Promotion of Industrial Science,
Institute of Industrial Science (IIS) Japan
The University of Tokyo
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Introduction
(Source: Earthquake Protection)
Various study reports reveal more than 60% of the buildings
in Kathmandu Valley are unsafe at MMI IX intensity
earthquake
NSET experience in assessing hundreds of buildings
indicates most of the masonry Buildings and 36% of RC
buildings are unsafe
Gorkha earthquake shows many buildings damaged even at
MMI VI and MMI VII Intensity earthquake
NO OTHER OPTION THAN STRENGTHENING EXISTING
VULNERABLE BUILIDNGS
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Various Retrofitting Techniques
Implemented in Kathmandu for RC Frame
Buildings
Minimum thickness 100mm on all sides
Walls surrounding the columns need to be
Demolished
Suitable for important buildings or need
to add storey
Generally beam strengthening is not
required
Foundation strengthening is generally
required
1. RC Jacketing of
Columns
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Jacketing of Columns
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RC Jacketing of Columns/ Beams
5 Storey
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[Link] Profile Jacketing
Does not increase stiffness but increases
Flexural capacity
Feasible only if column size is at least
300mm X300mm
Beam passing through the center of column
Only few required columns can be
strengthened
External Steel Caging...
3 Storey
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[Link] Wing Wall
The most suitable if the
thickness
In one side is 9
Lateral stiffness and strength
can be
increased
Adequate connection between
column
And wall need to be ensured
Less intervention
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Adding Wing Wall
Addition of Walls Addition of Micro-concreting on
adjacent to Reinforcing mesh the reinforced surface
Columns
2 Storey
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[Link] of Infill Masonry Walls
When columns are lean and non
Ductile
If infill walls are 9 thick contributio
Of wall can be considered
Reinforcements are provided
Only at critical locations in Splint
And Bandage method
Wall jacketing is done if walls have
Low strength
Splint and Bandage
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Strengthening of Infill Masonry
Walls
Jacketing of wall
Splint and Bandage Technique
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Criteria for Retrofit Design
Minimum Life Safety at MMI IX Shaking
Maximum 30% of New Construction Cost
Enhancement of minimum 2/3rd life
period of similar new buildings
For all Options!!!
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Conclusions
Many Buildings Vulnerable: Need for Seismic
Retrofitting
Retrofitting options: Depend on existing
conditions and expected performances
Appropriate Seismic Retrofitting Option:
Technically Feasible
Cost Effective(20-30% cost)
Local Available Materials can be used
Socially acceptable
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Thank You!
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