AIM
DETERMINATION OF SURFACE TENSION OF LIQUID THROUGH :
1. DROP WEIGHT METHOD
2. DROP NUMBER METHOD
DROP WEIGHT METHOD
Drop formation of liquid by capillary tube is step which depends upon the surface tension of that
liquid. The size of falling off from end of capillary tube depends upon the S.T. fo the liquid and the size
of capillary end which provides the line of attachment of the drop. Thus when a liquid is allowed to fall
through the capillary tube, a drop will increase in size up to an extend or lot and fall off. The total S.T.
supporting the drop 2r where r is radius of the frop. Circumference of the capillary tube. It is alone this
line that the liquids glass and air meets and force of S.T. operates. The drop will fall when its weight (w)
just exceed the weight (Force) along the circumference of external wall of capacillary tube. If we have
two liquids such as :
w 1 r1
W 1 2 rr1 and 2 rr2 then
w 2 r2
Thus the drop weight method can be explained (applied) for the comparing the surface tension of
two liquids. If r1 for any liquids is known as r2 for the other liquid can be found at without needing a
measurement of r1, the radius of the dropping end of the capillary tube.
DROP NUMBER METHOD
With two different liquids weight of volume are perpendicular to their dimensions of densities. If
v
n and n be the number of droops provided by some volume of two weight of single drop d and for
n
second drop of liquid than the liquid 2.
v
rr d
n
r nd
r nd
Where r and r are the surface tension of the liquids of densities of d and d respectively. One of
the liquid is usually water and its surface tension at different temperature are easily available.
PROCEDURE
Cleaned the trabues stalaomometer by chromic and then
OBSERTATIONS
Room temperature = 29 C
Surface tension of water at 29 C = 71.35 dyne/cm
Weight of bottle = 15.40 gm
Density of water = water 5 CC divided by 5 ie
4.9790
Density of water = 0.9958 g/cc
5
Density of water at 29C = 0.9958 g/cc
DROP WEIGHT METHOD
[Link] Liquid Wt. of weig Wt. of 10 Surface tension
bottle + 10 drop of in dyne / cm
drop of liquid (gm)
1. Benzene 15.7100 0.3010 27.49
2. Chloroform 15.6978 0.0897 26.50
3. Tolune 15.7090 0.3000 27.40
4. Ethylacetate 15.6576 0.2486 22.72
DROP NUMBER METHOD
Sn Wt of weig Wt of 5 CC Density of No of liquid St in
Bottle +5CC of liquid liquid in drops dyne/cm
of liquids in gms gms in fixed
volume
1. 19.7740 4.3650 0.8730 365 Benzene 27.83
2. 22.7650 7.3560 1.4712 629 Choloroform 26.37
3. 19.7649 4.3605 0.8721 363 Tolune 27.01
4. 20.0425 4.6335 0.9267 427 Ethyacetate 24.58
.
CALCULATIONS
Room temperature
S.T. of water at 29 C = 71.35 dyne/cm
DROP WEIGHT METHOD
S.T. OF Benzene Wt of 10 drops of Benezene
1.
S.T. of water Wt of 10 drops of Water
R1 W1 W1 0.301071.35
r1 R 2 = 27.49
R 2 W2 W2 0.7810
27.49 dynes/cm
2. S.T. of Tolune
W1 r2 0.2897 71.35
r1 27.40 dynes/cm
W2 0.7810
3. S.T. of Chloroform
w1 r2 0.2897 71.37
r1 26.50 dynes/cm
w2 0.7810
4. S.T. of Ethylacetate
W1 r2 0.2486 71.35
r1 22.72 dynes/cm
W2 0.7810
DROP NUMBER METHOD
r1 = S.T. of liquid used
r2 = S.T. of water. No. of drops in 5 CC of water = 157
n = Number of drops in fixed volume.
S.T. of Benzene
157 .8730 71.35
r1 =
367 .9959
Log r1 = (log 157 + log .8770 + log 71.35) log (367 + 0.9959)
= (2.1959 + 3.9410 + 1.8534) (2.5641 + 3.9982)
Log r1 = 1.4374
R1 = Anti log 1.4374
R1 = 27.38
S.T. of benzene = 27.38 dynes/cm
S.T. OF Tolune
n2d1 r2
r1 =
n1d2
157 .8721 7.35
r1 =
362 .9959
Log r1 = (log 157 + log .8721 + log 71.35) log(363 + 9957)
= (2.1959 + 3.9405 + 1.8534) (2.5594 + 3.9982)
Log r1 = 1.4315
r1 = Anti log 1.4315
r1 = 27.01 dynes/cm
S.T. of Toluene = 27.01 dynes/cm
S.T. of Chloroform
n2d1 r2
r1=
n1d2
157 .4712 71.35
r1 =
629 .9959
Log r1 = (log 157 + log 1.4712 + log 71.35) log (629 + 9959)
= (2.1959 + 0.1676 + 1.8534) (2.7989 + 3.9982)
Log r1 = 1.4315
r1 = Anti log 1.4315
r1 = 27.01 dynes/cm
S.T. of chloroform = 27.01 dynes/cm
S.T. of Ethylacetate
n2d1 r2
r1 =
n1d2
157 .9267 71.35
r1 =
424 .9959
Log r1 = (log 157 + log .9167 + log 71.35) log (424 + 9959)
= (2.1959 + 3.9669 + 1.8534) (2.6274 + 3.9984)
Log r1 = 1.3906
r1 = Anti log 1.3906
r1 = 24.58 dynes/cm
S.T. of Ethyl acetate = 24.58 dynes/cm
RESULT
1. In case of drop method the S.T. of Benzene, toluene chloroform and ethyl acetate are 27.49. 26.8
2. In case of drop number method S.T. Benzene, toluene and Ethyl acetate are 27.38, 26.37, 27.01
and 27.58 dynes/cm.
PRECAUTIONS
1. Washing of stalgonometer should be done thoroughly. So that these may not remain any stain of
grease in the capillary particularly on its end.
2. After washing and drying, great care must be taken to ensure that tip of the stalgnometyer does
not come in contact with hands or working table. A straight line of grease will after very much
the size of the drops.
3. One should also see the note of dropping does not exceed 5 drops per minutes. Drops must fall
only under the Wt. force and should not be punished away. It is best to have one drop per minute.
4. When counting the drops. The apparatus should not be disturbed.