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Understanding Modals: Obligation & Permission

The document summarizes different English modal verbs: 1) Obligation modals like "must" and "have to" indicate requirements or duties, whether from rules/laws or another person. 2) Lack of obligation modals like "don't have to" show when something is not necessary or required. 3) Recommendation modals like "should" and "ought to" provide advice or good ideas. 4) Prohibition modals like "mustn't" and "can't" indicate things that are forbidden or not allowed. Permission is also discussed using modals like "can" and "may."

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36 views9 pages

Understanding Modals: Obligation & Permission

The document summarizes different English modal verbs: 1) Obligation modals like "must" and "have to" indicate requirements or duties, whether from rules/laws or another person. 2) Lack of obligation modals like "don't have to" show when something is not necessary or required. 3) Recommendation modals like "should" and "ought to" provide advice or good ideas. 4) Prohibition modals like "mustn't" and "can't" indicate things that are forbidden or not allowed. Permission is also discussed using modals like "can" and "may."

Uploaded by

celeste
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MODALS

SILVIA DAVILA SILVESTRE


Obligation
have to
I _______________ show my passport before getting on the plane
must
have got to (informal) The
obligation
comes from
the speaker
The obligation
comes from
another
HAVE TO VS MUST
person Rules /
Laws

have to
I _____________ do some homework tonight My teacher says so

must
I _____________ study a lot this semester if I want to pass Internal
obligation
must
Drivers___________ obey traffic signals Laws / Rules
SILVIA DAVILA SILVESTRE
The
a)
b) obligation
comes from
the speaker
The obligation
comes from
another
HAVE TO VS MUST
person
Rules /
c) Laws

must
a) I ___________ remember to buy a newspaper on my way home.

have to
b) The doctor says I ___________try to take more exercise.

must
c) All cars ___________ be left in the car part, not on the road.

SILVIA DAVILA SILVESTRE


Recommendation
I ____________
should take lots of warm clothes to the Antartic
ought to

Good idea / Bad idea

shouldnt
oughtnt to
SILVIA DAVILA SILVESTRE
Lack of obligation
dont have to
I _______________ wear a uniform at USIL
dont need to

Not necessary!

You dont have to smoke at USIL cant


You dont have to run near the swimming pool. Its dangerous!
mustnt SILVIA DAVILA SILVESTRE
Prohibition
mustnt
You _____________________ smoke at USIL.
cant
(are) not permitted to
(are) not allowed to

SILVIA DAVILA SILVESTRE


Permission
_______________
Can I go to the toilet?
Could (polite)
May (formal)

can
I _____________ watch TV until 11pm

am allowed to watch TV until 11pm


I ________________
am permitted to
SILVIA DAVILA SILVESTRE
GIVES
Permission
Let
someone
Allow

let
My parents __________ me watch TV until 11pm
allow me to
lets
Our teacher __________ us use a dictionary in class
allows us to

doesnt let us use a mobile phone in class


Our teacher ____________
SILVIA DAVILA SILVESTRE
OBLIGATION LACK OF ADVICE PROHIBITION
OBLIGATION
must dont have to should mustnt
have to dont need to shouldnt cant
have got to ought to be not allowed to
need oughtnt to be not permitted to

SILVIA DAVILA SILVESTRE

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