THEORETICAL/CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

When dealing with Social School of Criminological Theories,

there are three main categories of theory developed on the

subject. The American society we live in is filled with social

strata, caused by the imbalanced distribution of wealth and

power in a capitalist system (Siegel, 2010). These theories are

comprised of Social Structure Theories, which asserts that the

main cause of crime is belonging to the underprivileged poor

class of society, Social Process Theories, which claim that the

main cause of crime is because of interactions that people have

with associations, institutions of society, and various

procedures within that society. The last theory is the Social

Control Theory, which maintains that crime is caused; by

peoples ties that bind, those to societal rules become

weakened.

Social Structure, Social Process, and Social Control were

the theories used by the researchers in this study. These give

details and idea in what the researchers were trying to find

out.

Social Structure Theories

The main tenet of social structure theories maintains that

crime is committed because they are poor (Siegel, 2008). These

theories consist of the Social Disorganization Theories, the

Strain Theories, and the Cultural Deviance Theories. While all

of the theories contained under the heading of social structure

theories maintain that crime is committed because they belong to

the poverty-stricken poor classes they all differ on some

principles. The socioeconomic structure of American society is

the root cause of crime for all of the theories in this section.

Today, more than 37 million Americans live in destitution,

populating the lower class neighborhoods. These neighborhoods

are filled, with insufficient housing, poor quality health care,

dysfunctional family life, more depression, less employment,

less desire to achieve, and more prone to producing people more

inclined to immediate gratification. These values are given

from older members of the neighborhood, down to the youngest,

which in turn, does the same. (Siegel, 2010)

Social Process Theories

These theories reflect that people having negative

relationships with people and institutions they are around daily

cause crime. Family relationships play a critical role in

determining criminality. If the relationships are positive then

people can succeed within the boundaries of the law. It is when

these relationships are not positive that the criminal element

is formed. Since they cannot realistically succeed in the

conventional way, criminal measures may be the only practical

way to achieve success. This subgroup of theories include,

social learning, differential association theory, neutralization

theory, and social reaction theory. (Siegel, 2008)

Social Control Theory

Social control theorists believe that any person has the

tendency to commit crime. The theory goes on further to state

that crime is attractive and profitable. Criminologists ask the

question when using this theory why not commit crime. The

answer that they have come up with is that some people obey the

rules because of a sense of morality, while others conform to

the socialization of society, and obey the rules out of a sense

of commitment to that conformity. Earlier versions of social

control theory claim that people with weak egos, low self-

esteem, and no self-control commit crimes. (Siegel, 2008)

Input-process-output was the structural framework used for the study
as shown in figure 1. The input is Index crime analysis in metro
Angeles to Mabalacat: A comparative study. The process to be utilized
is through conducting a survey by using set of questionnaires which
will be answering by the Police force in both Angeles and Mabalacat
City Police Stations. Finally, using this process the output of the
study will be helpful for the researchers to suggest a responsive
recommendation which may lessen the Index crime rate in both Angeles
and Mabalacat City.

Research Paradigm

Figure 1

INPUT
INDEX CRIME ANALYSIS IN METRO ANGELES-MABALACAT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

PROCESS
Conducting interviews in both Angeles
Survey Questionnaire
and Mabalacat City

OUTPUT
The result of the survey will be the It may lessen the commission of the
basis for the recommendations will be Index crimes through the
given by the researchers recommendations and suggestion given
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First and foremost to our ALMIGHTY GOD for the blessing and

guidance that make the researchers strong whenever the problems

are never ending. Without Him this study would never be possible

and for the profuse help and mercy that he has always given us

even the time that we fell short in doing our obligation as his

servant.

We wish to express our sincere thanks to Atty. Manuel M.

Feliciano, President of the school for providing us with all

necessary facilities for the research. We place on record, our

sincere thanks to Rommel K. Manwong, Dean of the Institute of

Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement, for the continuous

encouragement. We are also thankful to Ms. Karen D. Macapagal

and Mr. Christian G. Domingo, the lecturers in the same

Institute. We are extremely thankful and indebted to them for

their effort in sharing their expertise, sincerity and valuable

guidance.

We take this opportunity to express our gratitude to all of

the Institute faculty members who showed help and support. We

also thank our parents for the continuous encouragement,

financial support, and attention. We are also grateful to our

unremembered friends who help us finishing this research. A

heart felt gratitude to all of you.

 Abstract

The main focus of this research is to study the Index Crime

Analysis in Metro Angeles-Mabalacat: A Comparative Study. A

crime is considered as an act or omission punishable by law.

Crime is the main problem in the community that we need to

resolve. Crime is divided into 2 classifications such as Index

crime and Non-index crime. Index crimes are considered as crimes

inherently criminal in nature such as; murder, homicide,

physical injury, rape, robbery, theft, carnapping, and cattle

rustling. On the other hand, Non-index crimes are crimes which

are illegal logging and local ordinances. However, the

researchers only focus in comparing those recorded index crimes

from January to May 2017 in both Angeles and Mabalacat City.

This study was conducted to determine which between Angeles and

Mabalacat city transpired the most number of index crimes in

their area of jurisdiction and formulate some suggestions and

recommendations to their police force which may be useful to

prevent or lessen the index crimes in both cities. In order to

solve and analyze the problem, the researchers gathered all

available references, either books or journals which may be used

for better understanding about the problem. Through the guidance

of the research adviser, the researchers conducted and

disseminate their survey questionnaires. The result of the

survey will give a certain number of index crimes in both cities

that have transpired from January to May 2017. The researchers

would give possible suggestions in order to strengthen the

effectiveness of the police personnel in preventing index crimes

in both cities.