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Neurocommunications
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1 of 17 20170403 10:21
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1.
The resting membrane potential depends on which of the following
ions:
Potassium ions
Correct
Calcium ions
Un-selected is correct
Chloride ions
Correct
Hydrogen ions
Un-selected is correct
Sodium ions
Correct
2 of 17 20170403 10:21
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0/1
points
2.
A neurons membrane potential:
Is carried by electrons that travel through cell
membranes.
Un-selected is correct
Becomes more positive in response to glutamate acting
on glutamate receptors.
This should be selected
Becomes more negative in response to GABA acting at
GABA receptors.
This should be selected
Peaks at a positive potential, about +20 mV, during an
action potential.
Correct
Sits around a negative potential that is about -60 to -70
mV at rest.
Correct
3 of 17 20170403 10:21
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points
3.
Neurotransmitters:
Must bind to receptors in order to have an eect.
This should be selected
Can lead to excitation but not to inhibition of a neuron.
Un-selected is correct
Are very unique substances that are involved in neuronal
communication but not in any other bodily function.
Un-selected is correct
Are packaged in synaptic vesicles.
Correct
Are diverse, consisting of more than 100 dierent
molecules.
Correct
4 of 17 20170403 10:21
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4.
Synaptic vesicles:
Contain neurotransmitters.
Correct
Are released more in response to Botox.
Un-selected is correct
Fuse with the cell membrane when calcium ions ood into
the synaptic terminal.
Correct
Are docked at the post-synaptic membrane by SNARE
complexes.
This should not be selected
Are released constitutively from the pre-synaptic neuron.
Un-selected is correct
5 of 17 20170403 10:21
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points
5.
For questions 5-11, please choose the order in which these
events take place. For example, for the rst event, choose
answer "1"; for the second event, choose "2".
Double-check that your answers proceed through 1-7.
---
Neurotransmitter diuses out of a synaptic vesicle into the synaptic
cleft.
This should not be selected
6 of 17 20170403 10:21
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points
6.
The membrane potential of the postsynaptic cell changes.
Un-selected is correct
Un-selected is correct
This should not be selected
Un-selected is correct
Un-selected is correct
Un-selected is correct
This should be selected
7 of 17 20170403 10:21
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points
7.
The SNARE pin complex shifts its shape, pushing the vesicular
membrane very close to the cell membrane.
This should not be selected
8 of 17 20170403 10:21
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8.
Calcium ions ood into the pre-synaptic terminal.
Correct
9 of 17 20170403 10:21
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9.
Neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on the post-synaptic
membrane.
Correct
10 of 17 20170403 10:21
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10.
Action potential arrives in the pre-synaptic membrane.
Correct
11 of 17 20170403 10:21
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11.
Neurotransmitter diuses across the synaptic cleft.
This should not be selected
12 of 17 20170403 10:21
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12.
Check every event that is prevented by local Botox administration.
Note that more than one of the following choices are correct:
Acetylcholine diuses out of the synaptic vesicle.
Correct
Review the order of steps involved in neuronal
communication through neurotransmitters. Where do
Clostridial toxins like Botox aect this process?
The SNARE pin complex changes shape, leading the
synaptic vesicle to fuse with the cell membrane.
This should be selected
Calcium oods into the motoneuron terminal.
Un-selected is correct
Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the muscle
membrane.
Correct
Review the order of steps involved in neuronal
communication through neurotransmitters. Where do
Clostridial toxins like Botox aect this process?
A synaptic vesicle containing acetylcholine is docked at the
pre-synaptic membrane.
Un-selected is correct
13 of 17 20170403 10:21
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points
13.
Spinal cord strokes are rare but do happen. Which of the following
symptoms could result from a stroke that damages the entire (both
sides) thoracic spinal cord?
A loss of parasympathetic output to the bladder and
colon, resulting in an inability to void urine or feces.
Correct
If you cut the cord at the thoracic cord, lumbar and sacral
functions will be impacted but cervical ones will not be. So
moving legs will be aected but not moving arms. Then
remember that the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons
are split between the brainstem and the sacral cord. The
brainstem ones will be ne and therefore the
parasympathetic innervation of the eye will be ne. But the
parasympathetic preganglionic neurons in the sacral cord
that innervate the colon and bladder will be cut o and they
will not function normally.
Loss of voluntary movement of both arms.
Un-selected is correct
Loss of voluntary movement of both legs.
Correct
If you cut the cord at the thoracic cord, lumbar and sacral
functions will be impacted but cervical ones will not be. So
moving legs will be aected but not moving arms. Then
remember that the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons
are split between the brainstem and the sacral cord. The
brainstem ones will be ne and therefore the
parasympathetic innervation of the eye will be ne. But the
parasympathetic preganglionic neurons in the sacral cord
that innervate the colon and bladder will be cut o and they
14 of 17 20170403 10:21
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points
14.
Panic attacks could involve which of the following?
High sympathetic tone
Correct
Panic attacks are a highly aroused condition characterized
by high sympathetic tone. Changes from this high emotional
state are likely to alter digestion via eects on the ENS.
A highly aroused emotional state of vigilance
Correct
Panic attacks are a highly aroused condition characterized
by high sympathetic tone. Changes from this high emotional
state are likely to alter digestion via eects on the ENS.
Changes in the activity of the enteric nervous system
This should be selected
High parasympathetic tone
Un-selected is correct
15 of 17 20170403 10:21
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points
15.
Consider a person who has been spending all their time at home in
a state of profound sadness over the death of a longtime pet.
Concerned friends push this person to go skydiving. Which of the
following are likely to occur as the mourning individual jumps out of
a plane (with an instructor who pulls the rip cord)?
A decrease in peristalsis produced by a less active enteric
nervous system
This should be selected
An enhancement of memory formation
Correct
Sky-diving throws a person into an aroused, sympathetic
state. During high sympathetic state, blood shifts away from
guts to skeletal muscles. And memory formation is
facilitated. Check out this blog post: [Link]
/p4e7xm-9B.
A change in emotional state
Correct
Sky-diving throws a person into an aroused, sympathetic
state. During high sympathetic state, blood shifts away from
guts to skeletal muscles. And memory formation is
facilitated. Check out this blog post: [Link]
/p4e7xm-9B.
Sympathetic tone, which was low, will increase
dramatically
This should be selected
16 of 17 20170403 10:21
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17 of 17 20170403 10:21
