CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

An Electronic Patient Management System is any tool used to assist in the delivery

of clinical care from point of care initiation to completion. Tools include computer

based attendance scheme for patient, payment processing software and information

technology systems, blood group and genotype to avoid test result mismatch of

data. Electronic based attendance scheme for Patients is used by hospital to create

process and record their attendance sc is used to calculate the nurse punctuality of

the hospital management.

Duty is a term that conveys a sense of moral commitment to someone or

something. The moral commitment is the sort that results in action, and it is not a

matter of passive feelings or mere recognition. When someone recognizes a duty,

that person commits himself/herself to the cause involved without considering the

self-interesting courses of actions that may have been relevant previously. This is

not to suggest that living a life of duty precludes one from the best sort of life, but

duty does involve some sacrifice of immediate self-interest.

From the root idea of obligation to serve or give something in return, involved in

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the conception of duty, have sprung various derivative uses of the word; thus it is

used of the services performed by a minister of a church, by a soldier, or by any

employee or servant. Nurses today have a broad scope of responsibility as health

care providers that require them, under some circumstance, to exercise independent

professional judgment. When nurses exercise their judgment negligently, they may

be held liable because courts hold them to a correspondingly higher level of

accountability. Nurses have been held liable for their failure to monitor and/or

promptly respond to patients by informing physicians of significant changes in

patients condition.

Usage of Information Technology (IT) remained comparatively very less in Health

sectors that other sector despite having more potential. Health Institution, which is

an important sector, should encourage IT usage resulting better productivity,

effectiveness, efficiency and economics leading to better health care of all. This

paper tells a success of implementation of ICT (Information Communication

Technology) in monitoring of medicine in health institution. System work on low-

end resources and E-mail (Electronic mail) based data transfer from District Head

Quarter to State Head Quarter. Implementation of Med-Centre in all the district of

Enugu result in checking on pilferage (the act of stealing amounts or small articles)

for medicine, increase in availability of medicine at Government institution,

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increase in attendance of patients/doctor in health institution, optimal utilization of

medicine and data capturing at source, resulting in availability of error-free data at

Head Quarter.

Electronic Patient Management System is a certified automated payment

processing software. It is used by hospitals to input, process and display their

patient information. This system is used to manage and maintain electronic

medical records, patient information, prescriptions, lab reports etc. It is an effective

tool in the hand of the hospital management. Shonahan Hospital, Nsukka, Enugu

which is the case study, has patients whose fees are to be collected after treatment.

Shonahan Hospital, Nsukka, Enugu is one of the biggest and well equipped

hospitals in Nigeria. It has nine (9) training schools/programmers in the hospital.

From the studies carried out by the researcher, initial means the of recording was

manual from automated system to computerized system which lacked some

features such as patients and nurses records.

The Hospital is a very important part of our society and it is imperative for

healthcare providers to do their jobs in an efficient and effective manner. Each day

hundreds of thousands of patients enter healthcare facilities challenging the

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administration to run the show smoothly. The employees have to manage and

integrate clinical, financial and operational information that grows with the

practice. Information technology has made a significant impact on the healthcare

sector. The past decade has witnessed the foray of numerous information systems

and their resultant products into the hospital scenario. The number of investments

in computers and types of hospital systems has increased. This is because paper

medical records are cumbersome, bulky to use and difficult to manage. On the

other hand digital records are much easier to handle and improve the workflow

efficiency by integrating various tasks. The ultimate objective therefore, is to build

a network of interdependent centers such as the clinical laboratory, radiology

department, pharmacy, and so on in order to effectively meet the needs arising

within the hospital. Despite the fact that these individual centers are autonomous,

they are interdependent in terms of delivering services and to ensure effectiveness

of providing care.

A patient is any person who receives medical attention, care or treatment. The

person is most often ill or injured and in need of treatment by a physician or any

other medical professional whereas an outpatient is a patient who is not

hospitalized for 24 hours or more but who visits a hospital, clinic, or associated

facility for diagnosis or treatment. Treatment provided in this fashion is called

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ambulatory care.

This Electronic Patient Management System is necessary to ensure the medical

practitioner to maintain its operations in an organized and well-coordinated

manner. These solutions save time and run the operations using the best

mechanisms against liabilities. This system is especially helpful in organizing and

keeping patient records up-to-date. Patient names, records of treatment and

medicine given records are well maintained. Maintaining patient records is really

helpful when you are allowed to refer to the patient's old history. Say for example,

you want to refer your old patients for mouth cancer or jaw piece ulcers and

cancers, you may be able to locate such records on the basis of their symptoms or

conditions as you had entered in the database in the past. By law hospitals are

required to record in the outpatient information register once at the beginning of

the morning session and once during the afternoon whether the pupil is present,

absent, engaged in an approved, or unable to attend due to exceptional

circumstances as defined in regulation. If compulsory hospital patients are absent

the register must show whether the absence is authorized or unauthorized. It must

also record the nature of any approved activities. By using this Electronic Patient

Management System, the department will provide the patients with convenience

and security of having their payment records been stored automatically into the

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database for further processing. This automated method is the most advanced and

Least expensive.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Prior to the problem encountered with pat treatment, the nurses) over laxity to

their duties, the (the need arose to develop a software that will be able to solve the

problem. The problem caused by the use of manual method of keeping outpatient

information and the use of manual method of keeping attendance scheme for

patients can only be solved by computerizing the hospital attendance scheme for

patients and computerizing the hospital outpatient information system. The

problems that this project is set to solve in the manual method of keeping

outpatient information are:

1. Improper documentation of patient payment record.

2. Difficulty in retrieving patient payment record.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The primary purpose of this project is to enhance the reliability, security, and

convenience in the administration of Shonahan Hospital, Nsukka, Enugu, and to

have a database that contains complete and comprehensive details of patient

departmental payment records as well as a computer based attendance scheme.

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The subsidiary objectives of this project are:

1. To improve checkup and treatment load functionality: Staffing level and

appropriate skill-mix per shift can be more easily determined by the shift

modules. This leads to less time spent in designing and amending roasters.

2. Better care planning: Time spent on care planning is reducing, while the

quality of what is recorded improved. This makes for more complete care

plans and more complete assessments and evaluations.

3. To facilitate diagnosis of patients thereby reducing patients wasting time

4. To exploit the use of ICT as a platform for medical services

5. To better drugs administration

6. For better maintenance of duty rosters

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

A patient management system works best as an early intervention; more success

was reported when targeted at more entrenched cases. While some patients care is

usually required, the check up nursing and treatment include supervise setting up

checkup and treatment schedules, assigning checkup and treatment to a nursing

staff, and ensuring that each member of the nursing team is adequately trained.

This means that they must ensure that nursing records are correctly maintained,

that report is correctly given at each shift change that patient data are up to date

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and that equipment and other supplies are in stock. Among these, other areas where

this project work is significant include:

1. Reducing mortality rate arising from important administration in

the medical service.

2. Helping to determine how computerized of hospitals has contributed to easy

medical services.

Furthermore, this work will serve as a reference work to students who are carrying

research on this topic.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this study is centered on designing an Electronic Patient management

system for patients. In fact it involves all parts of medical field in terms of record

keepings for patients records. However, this project and all has been limited to

GOPD (General OutPatient Department) which includes the following areas:

1. Recording of patient health record

2. Acceptance of patient/personal symptom and compliant

3. Provisional prescription and treatment.

1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Computer: This is an electronic device that can accept data information of inputs,

process the data and it have the ability to store the data and also retrieves it for

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future use.

Database: This is the collection of related files.

Doctors: These are those that give medical aid to patients.

Duty: This is a term that conveys a sense of moral commitment to someone or

something.

Hospital: This is a health facility where people who are ill or injured are given

medical treatments and care.

Management: This is the process of getting activities completed efficiently with

and through other people.

Nursing: This is a profession focused on assisting individuals, families and

communities in attaining, maintenance, and recovering optimal health and

functioning. Modern definition of nursing defines it as a science and an act that

focuses on promoting quality of life as defined by persons and families, throughout

their life experiences from birth to care at the end of life.

Records: These are collection of related fields.

Software: This is an application or program that can be run on computer.

Storage: This is a processing of storage data and information using storage media.

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1.7 Project Work Organization

The report is explained in details from Chapter 1, which contains the preliminary

part of the project that discuss the procedures/methods used in carrying out the

research.

Chapter two discuss the literature review of various researchers in the field and

their analysis.

Chapter Three discuss the system design and methodology that explains the

methods used.

Chapter Four explains the system analysis, Implementation and Integration that

delivers the implied system of the work

Chapter Five discussed the summary, recommendation and conclusion of the

project 25

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 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

According to David (1992),an electronic based attendance scheme for patients

provides the information necessary to begin an effective attendance management

program, which will yield long-term results. The electronic based attendance

scheme for patients is intended to be a guide rather than` an instruction manual or

policy. To make an attendance management program truly successful, it will

require insight into the special dynamics present in my work place. It will require

two-way communication, as both the needs of the employees and of management

must be met if good attendance is too achieved.

Attendance is the responsibility to everyone, especially those who directly manage

the human resources of my [Link] is not only an expectation;

employers have the right to receive good attendance. Each and every employee has

a contractual obligation to attend work regularly. All levels of management must

believe in, be committed to, and communicate their expectations of good

attendance. If a specific number of sick days are considered acceptable per

employee, at best that will be the result. Employees will live up to the expectations

that will set for them. Expectations must be clear to both management programs to

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get maximum results. Goals must be tangible. Attendance expectations must be

clearly communicated and followed.

According to Sandra (2007), the patients registration regulations govern the

admissions and attendance registers that all hospitals must keep. They also regulate

the power of special hospitals and maintained hospitals to grant leave of

[Link] the law, hospitals are required to record in the attendance register once

at the beginning of the morning session and once during the afternoon whether the

patient is present, absent, engaged in an approved, supervised activity off-site, or

unable to attend due to exceptional circumstance as defined in regulation. If a

compulsory patient is absent the registers must show whether the absence is

authorized or unauthorized. It must also record the nature of any approved,

supervised activities. Reduced patients absence and persistent absence to

treatment and checkup is a vital and integral part of hospitals and local authorizes

work to:

Promote patients welfare and safeguarding.

Ensure every patient has access to the full-time to which they are entitled.

Ensure that patients succeed whilst at hospital.

Ensure that patients have access to the widest possible range of opportunities

when they leave school.

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According to Charles Bugger (2000), nursing attendance scheme for patients

information system are computer systems that manage clinical data from a variety

of healthcare environment, and made available in a timely and orderly fashion to

aid patients in improving patient care. To achieve this, most nursing attendance

scheme for patients information systems are designed using a database and at least

one nursing classification language such as North American Nursing Diagnosis

(NANDA), Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) and Nursing Diagnosis

Extension and Classification (NDEC).

2.1 PATIENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

According to [Link], An Electronic Patient Management System (PMS) is

a comprehensive, integrated information system designed to manage the medical,

administrative, financial and legal aspects of a hospital and its service processing.

It can be composed of one or a few software components with specialty-specific

extensions as well as of a large variety of sub-systems in medical specialties, e.g.

Laboratory Information System (LIS), Radiology Information System (RIS) or

Picture archiving and communication system (PACS).

An ElectronicPatient Management System is essentially a computer system that

can manage all the information to allow health care providers to do their jobs

effectively. These systems have been around since they were first introduced in the

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1960s and have evolved with time and the modernization of healthcare facilities.

The computers were not as fast in those days and they were not able to provide

information in real time as they do today. The staff used them primarily for

managing billing and hospital inventory. All this has changed now, and today

hospital information systems include the integration of all clinical, financial and

administrative applications.

Modern Electronic Patient Management Systems includes many applications

addressing the needs of various departments in a hospital. They manage the data

related to the clinic, finance department, laboratory, nursing, pharmacy and also

the radiology and pathology departments. The hospitals that have switched to

electronic Patient Management System have access to quick and reliable

information including patients records illustrating details about their

demographics, gender, age etc. By a simple click of the mouse they receive

important data pertaining to hospital finance systems, diet of patients, and even the

distribution of medications. With this information they can monitor drug usage in

the facility and improve its [Link] an area of medical informatics, the

aim of an Electronic Patient management System is to achieve the best possible

support of patient care and outcome and administration by presenting data where

needed and acquiring data when generated with networked electronic data

processing. 29

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2.2 TYPES OF AN ELECTRONIC PATIENT MANAGEMENT

INFORMATION SYSTEM

2.2.1 Nursing Information Systems (NIS)

These computer based information systems are designed to help nurses provide

better patient care. A good NIS can perform a number of functions and deliver

benefits such as improving staff schedules, accurate patient charting and improve

clinical data integration. The nursing department can have a better managed work

force through schedule applications enabling managers to handle absences and

overtime. The solution can also be used to monitor staffing levels and achieve

more cost-effective staffing. Patient charting applications allow users to enter

details regarding patients vital signs. Nurses also use it for admission information,

care plan and all relevant nursing notes. All important data is securely stored and

can be retrieved when required. All these features in NIS ultimately lead to a

reduction in planning time and better assessments and evaluations. The chance of

prescribing the wrong medication also decreases since there is always a reference

for electronically prescribed drugs.

2.2.2 Physician Information Systems (PIS)

As the name suggests, PIS systems aim to improve the practice of physicians and

are also recommended by the government for deployment. Physicians can avail

themselves of the Federal Government stimulus package aimed to provide better

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medical care. Various packages are available to suit different budgets and can be

implemented to increase efficiency, cut costs and deliver high quality patient care.

Physician information systems are delivered through computers, servers, networks,

and use widely deployed and popular applications such as, electronic medical

records (EMRs), electronic health records ( EHRs), and more. Most of these

services have 24/7 remote support that allows hospital staff to troubleshoot

problems occurring during system usage.

2.2.3 Radiology Information System (RIS)

These systems are also popular for their ability to provide radiology billing

services, appointment scheduling as well as reporting and patient database storage.

The radiology practice has become more complex with advances in technology and

more hospitals now turn to RIS to manage the business side of their practices.

2.2.4 Pharmacy Information Systems (PIS)

Designed to address the demands of a pharmacy department, PIS helps pharmacists

monitor how medication is used in hospitals. PIS helps users supervise drug

allergies and other medication-related complications. The system allows users to

detect drug interactions and also helps administer the proper drugs based on the

patients physiologic factors. 31

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2.3 BENEFITS OF AN ELECTRONIC PATIENT MANAGEMENT

INFORMATION SYSTEM

An Electronic Patient Management Information systems have become very

advanced and new innovations are continuously being introduced. But an

Electronic Patient management System is useless if it confuses the hospital

employees. The system must be user friendly and should include training by the

vendors. A good Hospital Information System offers numerous benefits to a

hospital including but not limited to the delivery of quality patient care and better

financial management. The Hospital Information System should also be patient

centric, medical staff centric, affordable and scalable. The technology changes

quickly and if the system is not flexible it will not be able to accommodate hospital

growth. Modern hospital information systems typically use fast computers

connected to one another through an optimized network. These computers are

programmed to collect, process, and retrieve patient care and administrative

information ensuring better ROI and delivery of service. If the hospital authorities

have more relevant information they can make better decisions.

Patient Management Systems leverage a highly optimized core library that ensures

the delivery of operational and administrative information required by users. A

centralized information system can be customized according to the specific

requirements of a hospital. A hospital can tell the solution provider its needs and

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the applications can then be molded to deliver exactly what was demanded. An

effective Electronic Patient management System delivers benefits such as:

Easy Access to Patient Data: This is vital, so as to generate varied records,

including classification based on demographic, gender, age, and so on. It is

especially beneficial at ambulatory (out-patient) point, hence enhancing continuity

of care. As well as, Internet-based access improves the ability to remotely access

such data.

Structured Information: Information captured in Hospital Information System is

well organized, thus making it easier to maintain, and quicker to search through for

relevant information. The information is also legible, making it less likely that

mistakes would be made due to illegible writing.

Decision Support System: It helps as a decision support system for the hospital

authorities for developing comprehensive health care policies.

Efficient Administration: Efficient and accurate administration of finance, diet of

patient, engineering, and distribution of medical aid.

Improved monitoring of drug usage, and study of effectiveness: This leads to

the reduction of adverse drug interactions while promoting more appropriate

pharmaceutical utilization.

Information Integrity: Enhances information integrity, reduces transcription

errors, and reduces duplication of information entries.

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2.4 DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE OF ELECTRONIC PATIENT

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Patient electronic medical records can be seen on two levels. These levels are

represented through hospitals and centralized system of health care. Taking into

account this fact, and the current state of development of information systems,

which represents a reference hospital, we can say that for the introduction of

electronic medical records in this hospital, initial preconditions were made in terms

of building communications infrastructure and implementation of laboratory and

radiology information system which made the first steps toward creating a unique

patient records. Electronic patient record created like this is a good basis for

achieving better results in terms of providing services for patient, but also in terms

of business planning, further analysis of group data, and ultimately achieve

business excellence of Shonahan Hospital. However, this electronic process is

applicable only in the mentioned hospital facility, given that at present there is no

centralized integrated health information system which would include all electronic

records of patients, irrespective of which medical facility they are treated in.

However, looking only at Shonahan Hospital, it can be concluded that the basic

version of the electronic patient records already exist and that the data

manipulation and storage of these confidential information could be further

improved by introducing the information system for management of patient 34

19
records which would be integrated into the Shonahan Hospital management

System.

2.5 FEATURES OF ELECTRONIC PATIENT MANAGEMENT

INFROMATION SYSTEM

1. Patient Charting: A patients vital signs, admission and nursing assessments,

care plan and nursing notes can be entered into the system either as structured or

free text. These are stored in a central reposition and retrieved when needed.

2. Staff Schedules: Patients can self-schedule their shifts using scheduling rules

provided in shift modules. The shifts can later be confirmed or changed by a

scheduling coordinator or manager. Shift modules are designed to handle absences,

overtime, staffing levels and cost-effective staffing.

3. Clinical Data Integration: Here, clinical information from all the disciplines

can be retrieved, viewed and analyzed by nursing staff and then integrated into a

patients care plan.

4. Decision Support: Decision support can be added to Nursing Information

System, and they provide prompts and reminders, along with guides to diseases

linkages between signs/symptoms, etiologies/related factors and patients

populations, online access to medical resources can also be made available.

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 CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEMANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 METHODOLOGY

Research Methodology is the idea within which research is arranged or done

according to plan. This methodology is on the basis of critical examination

undertaken, with the act to find new facts and information that would enhance

patient empowerment and improve the quality of care in terms of efficiency and

[Link] methodology used examines the methods that are necessary to

achieve these required subjects, facts and other relevant information connected to

the project research with reduced expenses on effort, time and money.

3.2 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

The source of data collection used for this project work are categorized into

primary and secondary source of data collection.

3.2.1 Primary Source

These are method of data collection collected from the doctors and nurses in

Shonahan Hospital, Nsukka, Enugu. Also more data from patient, attendants and

patrons of the hospital including personal interviews and observation. Some of the

staffs were interviewed to share their feelings and experiences about the manual 36

21
system of planning and processing workers and patient care duty. They stressed

that the manual system has not helped them much.

3.2.2 Secondary Source

This includes the use of several newspapers,magazines,journals and surfing the

internet with related articles on electronicpatient management system downloads to

enlighten my understanding with aclearer view or picture.

3.3 ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

The electronic patient management system is a system that is been carried out in

terms of manual operation, a system in which all the methods of hospital

administration is a manual approach. The approach is such that the hospital staff

will record duty information on a paper or register and kept in a file. Critical

analysis of this system reveals that it is a system prone to a lot of errors and it is

not effective. Searching for workers duty information is time consuming and

boring. The system is in such a way that the office is full of files. This tends to

make the office untied. Careful analysis also shows that because of the

complexities of the manual system, information stored is difficult to [Link]

because of the inconsistency of the manual system, at times files are lost because

of mismanagement.

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The organization chart of Shonahan Hospital is a function that shows the direction

and chain of command from the top to the least in office and who is responsible

and answerable to each other to enhance effective communication in the hospital

for delivery of an effective and efficient policy.

3.3.1 Input Analysis

This deals with the process used to feed data to the system for processing. Here the

inputs to the system are through staff record form, and attendance scheme for

patients [Link] these are through which data are supplied to the system which are

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Employee name, employee number, sex, age, marital status, address, phone

number, L.G.A, state, job description, salary, qualification, starting time, ending

time, date, work description, and remark (if any).

3.3.2 Process Analysis

Once the inputs are collected, the obtained data are processed properly for effective

use. The data/information processed is stored in the computer for subsequent use.

3.3.3 Output Analysis

This involves the resultant documentation generated after the processing of

data/information supplied to the system. The output here can be:

1. Printed roster card

2. Store nurses data

3.4 Limitations of the Existing System

A lot of problems are associated with the existing system. The existing system

involves the use of manual method to store duty data/[Link] system has

proved defective as the objective of the system has also failed. Among the

problems associated with the existing system include the following:

1. Time wasted in searching/sorting for workers duty information.

2. Poor security and protection.

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3. Misplacement and mismanaging of checkup and treatment files.

4. A lot of time being wasted by patient while on queue.

3.4.1 Justification for the New System

It is expected that the introduction of the new system, a lot of positive changes will

be noticed. The numerous problem associated with the manual system will be

minimized, if not totally put to an [Link] hospital staff that previously had

difficulties in carrying out their work will now have to appreciate [Link] nurses

supervise nursing activities in a variety of settings. While some patient care is

usually required, the nursing supervisors new duties to a nursing staff, and

ensuring that each member of the nursing team is adequately [Link] nurses

are ultimately responsible for the performance of the nurses on their team. This

means that they must ensure that ensure that nursing records are correctly

maintained, that report is correctly given at the shift change, and that equipment

and other supplies are in stock.

3.5 System Design

Files are necessary in monitoring of patients record since there are many patients

whose records must be kept for references purpose. This fact has given rise to the

25
creation and maintenance of several files within the company. Below are various

files and their uses:

Request File: This file contains the request from customers who wish to buy

drugs specifying the amount and quantity they need.

Consumer File: this is the file that contains information about sales in the

company. This file is used specifying the quantity that was sent to different

individuals and depots.

Return File: After the drugs must have been sent to individuals and depot in

particular, return forms are sent back specifying the amount of crates and cartons

that was received in each depot whether there are breakages, fail and empties. They

are all filed here.

Complaint File: this file used to help all complaints from customers,

individuals and depots. This helps the company to make necessary amendments.

41

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3.5.1 Input Design and Specification

The input to the system comes from about 48 forms. Each of these forms has the

function of collecting specific data from the doctors, staff and patients as the case

may be. The first form is the admission form details that enables the system to

prompt the Doctors to fill a form that requires details from the patient concerning

personal and health. The others are for doctors, employee, bed management,

patient in and out, etc. are solely intended for the administrative use for the staff.

Here, the staff can add patients, doctors etc. that can include the services render by

the hospital and change other things.

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The patient form is a table to fill patient personal data to be able to gain admission

into the hospital for proper registration process both for inpatient and

[Link] Patient Form is an important prerequisite for patient diagnosis in the

Hospital programme. As can be seen from the form above, the Doctor will provide

details from personal interrogation. This record will help the Hospital staff to

monitor, supervise and pay close attention to patients even after they have been

discharged.

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The Add Doctors form, as mentioned earlier, is primarily used by the hospital

administrators to add Doctors that are employed with the hospital, and can accept

patients for proper treatment and admission. Looking at the form above, there has

been provision made for personal details of the Doctors and specialization before

saving to the database.

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The Add Employee form, as mentioned earlier, is primarily used by the Hospital

staff to add employees that are accepted into the hospital, and can perform basic

function in areas of quality of care to patients depending on their varying

departments as they are added to the database.

30
The Add Hospital Service form is mainly used to add more hospital services that

patients must come for them to be able to get efficient care and treatment in case

there be a new service that is mostly needed and can be guaranteed.

31
The Add Bed form is used to add Bed credentials for rooms to be able to know

which room or bed is available for in patients. Also as can be seen from the form

above, the type of bed is required.

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The Information Flow Chart shows how the information are kept and transferred to

various department heads for easy accessibility.

3.6 DATABASE DESIGN

Microsoft Access database was used for this system because of its simplicity and

easy to use and since my project is not a commercial as well as the language

programme used is attached with it already. It consists of 48 tables. As it would be

are described below:

1. Patientform: a table to fill patient personal data to be able to gain admission into

the hospital for proper registration process both for inpatient and outpatient.

2. Employeeform: a table to fill employees personal data to be able to be gainfully

employed into the hospital management staff list in the database.

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