TRAINING MODULE N° M 001 TITLE: TYPES OF PUMPS. Purpose: To know the different pumps and their utilities In the petroleum industry different types of pumps are used. 1- Centrifugal pumps 2- Positive displacement pump 3 - Diaphragm pump 4 - Rotary pump 5 - Gear pump 41- Centrifugal force given to a liquid by a rotating element is converted into kinetic energy. 1-4 Use centrifugal pump Centrifugal pumps are used in the petroleum industry for applications where large volumes of fluids must be moved, In the field, you wil find centrifugal pumps performing such diverse jobs as emptying storage tanks, pumping oil out of the ground or reinjecting fluid into a well for enhanced recovery. In gas plant, centrifugal pumps are used for moving process fluids, providing emergency firewater, and Circulating cooling tower water ete. 4-2 Centrifugal pump (description) ‘The major parts of centrifugal pumps are the casing, impeller, shaft, coupling, bearings and seals or packing. ‘See annex drawing N.L The coupling which connects the driver to the pump, transmits power from the driver shaft to the pump shaft. Coupings must be able to with-stand sudden changes in pump load or stop-page of the driver. They must be flexible enough to handle misalignment between the shafts as well as changes in the speed of the driver. The shaft is connected to a driver (e.g, electric motor, engine, or steam turbine) and turns the impeller. The shaft is usually made of steel and rotates at the speed of the drive. See annex drawing N.2 When a centrifugal pump is started, the impeller begins to rotate. The impeller blades stir the fluid causing the fluid to rotate with the impeller. This circular notion generates force that moves the fluid away from the center of the center of the impeller. Bearings support the shaft and reduce the friction as the shaft rotates in the casing. They also control the forward and backward movement (thrust) of the shaft, and control the side to side (radial) movement of the shaft so that rotating parts will not rob against the pump casing, Bearings may be contained in the pump ceasing on small process pumps or in special housings on larger pumps. Seals or packing are used to prevent or reduce fluid leakage around the shaft. Most centrifugal pumps in the petroleum industry use mechanical seals. A mechanical seal has a stationary ring secured in a seal gland that is boited to the casing and a rotating ring attached to the shaft. Packing is composed of a series Of pliable rings tightly pressed around the shaft in the stuffing box. For many applications, a single-stage pump with one impeller is sufficient to raise pressure. However. There are applications where itis necessary to raise discharge pressure higher than is normally possible with a single impeller. Although higher pressures can be obtained by increasing the rotation speed of the impeller or by using a large impeller, design and material limitations generally dictate that a third option be used, mult-staging + 19/10700 DATRAINING\Mmodu\timodudtTRAINING MODULE N° M.001 TITLE : TYPES OF PUMPS Purpose: Annex drawing N. 1-2 Drawing n. 1 TYPICAL CENTRIFUGAL PUMP _49r oAIvER TYPICAL CENTRIFUGAL PUMP Drawing n. 2 SINGLE- STAGE PUMP PACKING 4 sean FECENS 1/08/00 D:ATRAINING \Mmodu\Mmodu001TRAINING MODULE N° M 001 TITLE: TYPES OF PUMPS Purpose: ro know the different pumps and their ut 1-3 Multi-stage pump Sometimes, one impeller is not sufficient to increase the pressure. In this case, a multi-stage pump is used. This pump has several impellers on a single shaft an in single casing, See annex drawing N3 The pressure increase at each impeller. E4g,, 1* impeller increase the pressure from 0 b. to 5 b. ‘The 2” impeller increase the pressure from 5 b. to 10 b. etc, Each impeller increases the pressure of 5 b. 1-4 Bearings Bearings support the shaft and reduce friction as the shaft rotates in the casing. As previously discussed, bearings de two other important things: they control the forward and backward movement (thrust) of the shaft, and they control the side to side (radial) movement of the shaft Essentially, there are two kinds of bearings used in centrifugal pumps: ball bearing and sleeve bearing See annex drawing N.4 Ball bearings are circular rings of smooth metal balls which are free to roll as the shaft rotates. Ball bearings are usually lubricated with either oil or grease. When oil is used, slinger rings throw oil from the oil reservoir onto the bearings. Sieeve bearings are stationary, smooth metal cylinders in which the shaft rotates. A thin film of oil between the bearing surface and the shaft lubricates and cools the bearings. The oil is brought to the sleeve bearings either by a ring oiler, which transfers oil from an oil reservoir to the pump shaff, or under pressure by a lube-pump, 1-5 Vertical and horizontal pumps Vertical and horizontal refer to the position of the shaft during normal operation of the pump. In vertical pumps, the shaft is perpendicular to the ground with the driver usually positioned above the pump. In horizontal pumps, the shaft is paralfel to the ground with the driver usually positioned beside the pump. See annex drawing N.S 1-6 Multiple connections. (booster pump) Ifa higher discharge pressure is required than a single pump can cope with given the two pumps may be connected in series, Under this arrangement the discharge from pump one feeds the inlet to pump two. See annex drawing N.6 2- Positive displacement pump Theory The principle of a positive displacement pump is the fact that liquids are virtually incompressible. So ifa force is applied to a liquid which is free to move then it will be displaced. The volume of liquid so moved depends on the displacement of a solid body transmitting the applied force. Such pumps are called positive displacement because a fixed volume of liquids is displaced in a pump cycle. This volume is equal to the amount sucked in during the same cycle. The transmission is continuous. This class of pumps is further categorized according to the method by which the force is applied. There are reciprocating and rotary positive displacement pumps. See annex drawing N.7 2 19/0100 DATRAININGIMmodu¥amodudtTRAINING MODULE N° M.001 TITLE : TYPES OF PUMPS Purpose: Annex drawing N. 3-4-5 Drawing n. 3 MULTI-STAGE PUMP Drawing n. 4 Beaana HOUSING BALL BEARINGS BALL BEARINGS Drawing n. 5 HORIZONTAL VERTICAL 15/08/00 DATRAINING \Mmodu\Mmodu001TRAINING MODULE N° M.001 TITLE : TYPES OF PUMPS Purpose: Annex drawing N. 6-7 Drawing n. 6 MULTIPLE CONNECTIONS Ex; AS 0,36 4sb i i T do © N [een at a ol ed sie yeast 2 Lt) (ee ote Drawing n. 7 POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP )_ <— ue oS BACKWARD STROKE, FORWARD STROKE, 15/08/00 DATRAINING \Mmodu\Mmodu001TRAINING MODULE N° M 001 TITLE: TYPES OF PUMPS Purpose: To know the different pumps and their utilities 2-4 Application The positive displacement pump cannot be throttled. For each cycle of the pump, no matter what that cycle is, a set quantity of liquid is delivered to the outlet valve. Such pumps are therefore used where measured quantities of liquid must be delivered on a regular basis such as chemical injection or metering pumps Piston or ram type pumps can produce very high pressures. A system such as a mud kill system on a well would use a ram type positive displacement pump. In this situation pressures in excess of 3000 psig can be produced. ‘A major disadvantage of a ram or piston type pump is that it produces a pulsating flow. This can be reduced by the use of multiple ram pumps where two or three rams are set on a crank at spaced angles thus reducing the pulse effect. See annex drawing N.8 3— Diaphragm pumps Theory Ita pump is to be used to transmit highly corrosive liquids there is a special type of plunger pump which has been designed to do this. Itis called a diaphragm pump. A plunger displaces a hydraulic fluid which in turn moves a diaphragm as can be seen of figure, The diaphragm is made of corrosion resistant material such as rubber. Its movement displaces the corrosive liquid. The pump is also useful for pumping sludge. See annex drawing N.9 Applications Diaphragm positive displacement pumps are used where small, critical volumes of liquid are important to the process such as chemical injection Safety: Before you work of this pump, you cleaned the chamber. 4- Rotary pumps. Liquid can be displaced with rotary motion instead of reciprocating motion 4-1 Lobe pumps Two types of rotary lobe pumps are shown. Each pump has two rotors, each of which has two or more lobes. The rotors are mounted on separate shafts and rotate in opposite directions. After entering, the liquid is trapped between the wall of the casing and the rotating lobes, and the lobes then displace the liquid into the discharge port. As some clearance is required between the lobes and the casing, some liquid slips backward in a lobe pump. As this slippage increases at higher pressures lobe pumps are used for relatively low-pressure service See annex drawing N.10 3 19/0/00 DATRAININGIMmodultémogudtTRAINING MODULE N° M.001 TITLE : TYPES OF PUMPS Purpose: Annex drawing N. 8-9-10 Drawing n. 8 Application positive displacement pump PACKING i3 Drawing n. 9 DIAPHRAGM PUMPS = 8 HYDRAULIC FLUID PUMP LIQUID. » DIAPHRAGM (~~ PLUNGER Drawing n. 10 ROTARY PUMPS ’ LOBES SOX CASING ROTORS 15/08/00 DATRAINING \Mmodu\Mmodu001TRAINING MODULE N° M 001 TITLE: TYPES OF PUMPS Purpose: To know the different pumps and their u 5 - Gear Pumps 419710100 ‘The are many types of gear pumps, in principle the gear pump is similar to the lobe pumps in that the liquid is displaced by two gears which mesh and which rotate in opposite directions. On like lobe pumps, gear pumps can be designed for high-pressure service. See annex drawing N.11 ‘Applications ‘Gear pumps and sliding vane pumps have no such valves and are particulary reliable. Engines lubrication, Hydraulic system DATRAINING\Mmodultmodu03TRAINING MODULE N° M.001 TITLE : TYPES OF PUMPS. Purpose: Annex drawing N. 11 Drawing n. 11 GEAR PUMPS 15/08/00 DATRAINING \Mmodu\Mmodu001