LA CONSOLACION COLLEGE-ARFIEN DEPARTMENT

CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter includes Research design, Population and Respondents of the study,

Research Instruments and Statistical Treatment of Data

A. RESEARCH DESIGN

This study employed a Descriptive Method of Research to determine Site

Collection, Site Development, Building Function, Building and Landscape Aesthetic,

Building Strength and Durability, and Building Utility System. These factors which

exist at present and are relevant to the above considerations were described, recorded,

analyzed and interpreted in this study in order to formulate a solution that will be most

fit to the problem. This was done with the use of various instruments such as library,

internet, observation, survey and interviews.

To complete the study the proponent conducted actual survey and interview to

acquire information needed for each major area in architectural design. It shall be done

with observation, site visitation and inspection, direct documentation and other related

information through photographs.

B. POPULATION AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

To further cater the direct needs of a Hotel, the people of Bacolod city

specifically travelers, foreign and domestic guests together with the business sectors and

the local government will be considered.

They shall provide the primary source of data, and shall answer the survey

according to their expertise and knowledge of the field. Certain people in the field of

construction, design and development of a Hotel and project of like will also be of great

importance in the course of data gathering

C. RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

This section outlines the data gathering procedures hereby taken to collect data

from reliable sources. The data and information may be obtained from observation,

interviews, questionnaires, library and other official records or documents.

OBSERVATION

This shall be used to acquire all the presently existing data such as the site

description, the modes of transportation of the residents, tourists, and prospect clients
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around the proposed project. The profiles and features of the site, of the community, and

of the prospective end users of the proposed Hotel.

SURVEY QUESTIONAIRE

This will be used by the researcher to aid in finding solutions on building

function, site location, and building aesthetics. These will also be used for gathering of

pertinent data and reaction to residents of the City of Bacolod.

LIBRARY RESEARCH

The library is the depository of knowledge, facts, and data in print Medias, such

as books, magazines, dictionaries, periodicals, encyclopedias, and research journals, as

well as digital media. These are useful especially for Architectural studies, such as the

researcher presently conducts. Useful architectural and engineering references and

standards, latest trends in various designs, layouts, and technologies which are

fundamental in project studies, are made available and accessible through library

research.

INTERVIEW

An interview is a data gathering method from one`s point of view it may be

considered as an oral type of questionnaire wherein the researchers gathers the

information from the subjects verbally and directly. It is another tool for research, which
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is commonly used in fields and survey. The researcher prepared some guide questions

for formal interview.

COMPUTER RESEARCH

The researcher used the internet and computer technology as a tool for

conducting research. Information which cannot be seen in the old edition of the book

can be found here with the latest revision of data, standards and building technology.

D. VALIDATION OF SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

The survey questionnaire were checked and validated by five (5) Professional

Experts in their chosen field before it was distributed to the respondents. Below are the

names of these experts:

1. _____________________

2. _____________________

3. _____________________

4. _____________________

5. _____________________
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The content and validity of the questionnaire were then rated by the jury using the

following standard:

5 ---------------------------- Excellent

4 ---------------------------- Very Good

3 ---------------------------- Good

2 ---------------------------- Fair

1 ---------------------------- Poor

The mean rating of the jury was computed and interpreted using the following:

Mean Score Range Interpretation

4.21 - 5.00 Excellent

3.41 - 4.20 Very Good

2.61 - 3.40 Good

1.81 - 2.60 Fair

The results were to get the mean range of the questionnaire which is 4.25 or an equivalent to

Excellent.
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INTER
CRITERIA FOR E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 MEAN
PRETA
VADILITY
TION

1. The questionnaire is short

enoughva that the

respondents respect it and

would not take too much of

his/her time.

2. The questionnaire is

interesting and has a far

appeal such that the

respondents will be included

to respond to it and

accomplish it.

3. The questionnaire can

obtain some depth to the

response and avoid

superficial answer.

4. The items/questionnaire

and their alternative

responses are not too

suggestive or too

stimulating.

5. The questionnaire can

elicit responses which are

forced.

6. Questions and items are

stated in such a way that the

responses will not be

embarrassing to the persons

concerned.

7. Questions and items are

formed in such a manner to

avoid suspicion on the part

of the respondents

concerning hidden responses

to the questionnaire

8. The questionnaire is not to

narrow nor restrictive or its

limited to its philosophy.

questionnaire, when taken as

a whole, could answer the

basic purpose for which the

questionnaire is designed

and therefore considered

valid.

TOTAL:
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E. RELIABILITY

Reliability refers to the consistency of scores obtained by the same persons

when they are re-examined with the same test on different occasions or with the

different sets of equivalent items or under other variable examining conditions (Anastasi

and Urbina, 1997).

After the validation of the survey questionnaire, it was completed and reviewed

by the experts. The researcher improved, revised and finalized the survey questionnaire

taking into consideration the corrections and suggestion of the juries.

The researcher conducted a preliminary assessment of the validated survey

questionnaire for its reliability using the split-half method. This method treats the two

halves of the measure as alternate forms. The halves reliability estimates using the

Spearman rho taking into consideration the ranked data gathered from the questionnaire,

which is then stepped up to the full test length using the Spearman-Brown prediction

formula.

Spearman rho and Spearman-Brown Formulas:

rht = 1 (6 d2 / N) (N2 1)

rwt = 2rht / 1 + rht

where:
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rht = reliabilty of the Half Test

rwt = reliabilty of the Whole Test

d2 = sum of the squared differences between ranks of scores

N = total number of respondents

The reliability coefficient was interpreted using the following scale:

100 Perfect Correlation

0.80 - 0.99 Very High Correlation

0.60 - 0.79 High Correlation / Highly Reliable

0.40 - 0.59 Moderate Correlation / Moderately Reliable

0.20 - 0.39 Low Correlation

0.10 - 0.19 Very Low Correlation

The computed correlation coefficient or reliability of the whole test is 0.90

which indicates that the survey questionnaire has a high reliability.

F. METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

From researching reliable sources from the internet and by reading books and

magazines, the researcher formulated a thesis problem of a Hotel. The researcher also

asked some documents and interviewed some personnel from land use and zoning
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office. The researcher then followed the thesis advisers instructions and time tables for

the study.

G. STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

A statistical tool is used to determine the items where the group ranked most and

which are not. In determining the number of frequency of the respondents and their

answer to Part I and Part II of the survey questionnaire, the percentage distribution

formula will be used:

Where:

P = percentage

f = frequency

N = number of respondents

For Part III of the survey questionnaire, ratios and ranking will be used to verify

the comparative value of importance of the given variables usually indicated with the

following: rank 1, rank 2, rank 3, rank 4, rank 5 and is usually determined through

weighted means. This means and weight levelling is determined which suits according

to the answer of the respondents.

wx = (wx)
n
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Where:

wx = the weighted mean

w = the weight of each item

x = the item values

n = the population size

The statistical tool was used in the first and second part of the survey

questionnaire to determine the frequency of respondents and their answers. The

proponent used the percentage distribution formula in this part of the survey

questionnaire. With this kind of data treatment the proponent have easily determined the

results by which the respondents have given. Data about their profile, frequency of male

versus female and even their professional status were treated with this statistical tool.

Ratios and ranking was applied on the third part of the survey questionnaire

which is about suggesting amenities and spaces where the statistical tool was used to

verify the comparative value of importance of the given variables by giving ranking

from one to five (1 - 5) and one (1) as the highest.