Design Parameters

Path Length: 20.5 km

Reliability: 99.999%

Configuration: not protected (1+ 0)

Traffic Capacity: (8xE1)

Site A:

Latitude: 141747.35N

Longitude: 1204732.85 E

Site B:

Latitude: 14952.27N

Longitude: 1205530.61 E

Frequency Band Required:15 GHz

Frequency Range: 14.20 GHz 14.93 GHz

Low Band Range: 14.20 GHz 14.93 GHz

High Band Range: 14.37 GHz 15.37 GHz

Duplex Spacing: 260 MHz

Channel bandwidth for 8xE1: 14 MHz

Frequency Pair for the Actual Computation of the Hop:

No. of Duplex Channels: = 14.93 GHz 14.20 GHz

14 MHz

= 52.14 or 52 channels
Selecting 5 channels spacing above the high band edge

(14 MHz)(5) = 70 MHz

Low Band Frequency:

14.20 GHz + 70 MHz = 14.27 GHz

High Band Frequency:

14.37 GHz + 70 MHz = 14.44 GHz

Minimum Elevation at site A and site B that would clear the Earth Curvature

h = d 2_ where:

1.5 k h = in meters

h = (17.5)2__ d = in km

1.5(4/3) k = 4/3

h = 153.13 meters

Microwave Path Link Budget: TABLE

From the Formula:

Free Space Loss = 92.45 + 20log(Dkm) + 20log(FGHz)

Receive Signal Strength (RSL) =Transmitter output + Gain Losses

Thermal Fade Margin = RSL Minimum Receiver Threshold

From the specification sheet:

Radio Configuration: Indoor Mounted RF Module

Transmitter Output Power: 30 dBm

Minimum Receiver Threshold: -84 dBm

Waveguide loss: 7.81 dB

Connector loss: Typically at 0.5 dB

Antenna Gain: 42.7 dB

I. Basic Thermal Fade Margin:

Free Space Loss:

a. For low band frequency: 14.27 GHz

FSL = 92.45 + 20log (17.5 km) + 20log (14.27 GHz)
FSL =140.3992404 dB
b. For high band frequency: 14.44 GHz
FSL = 92.45 + 20log (17.5 km) + 20log (14.44 GHz)
FSL = 140.5021048 dB

II. Thermal Fade Margin with Rain Consideration

(Rain Fade Margin): TABLE

Rain Attenuation

Frequency KH Kv aV aH

1 0.0000387 0.0000352 0.912 0.880

2 0.0001540 0.0001380 0.963 0.923

4 0.0006500 0.0005910 1.121 1.075

6 0.0017500 0.0015500 1.388 1.265

 7 0.0033100 0.0026500 1.332 1.312

8 0.0045400 0.0039500 1.327 1.310

10 0.0101000 0.0088700 1.276 1.264

12 0.0188000 0.0168000 1.217 1.200

15 0.0367000 0.0335000 1.154 1.128

20 0.0751000 0.0691000 1.099 1.065

25 0.1240000 0.1133300 1.061 1.033

33 0.1870000 0.1670000 1.021 1.000

35 0.2633300 0.2333300 0.979 0.963

40 0.3500000 0.3100000 0.939 0.929

Formula:

M = log f1 log fx

log f1 log f2

Kx = log-1 [log k1 M(log k1 log k2)]

x = 1 M(1 2)

note:

f1<fx< f2

k1<kx<k2

1<x<2

Crane Rain Attenuation

(For Path Length up to about 22.50)

d = 3.8 0.6 ln (Rp)

Rp = crane rainfall rate (taken from the table)

b = 2.3 Rp-0.17

c = 0.026 - 0.3ln (Rp)

= ln (b ecd)/(d)

if PL > d

A = KxRpx [((exd 1) / (x)) ((bcxeMxd) / (cx)) ((bcxeMxD) / (cx))]

Computing for Rainfall Attenuation

For Low Band Frequency: (14.27 GHz)

f1 = 12 GHz 1 = 1.154

f2 = 15 GHz 2 = 1.217

k1 = 0.0335

k2 = 0.0168

M = (log 12 - log 14.27) / (log 12 log 15)

M = 0.7764

Kx = log -1[log 0.0335 0.7764(log 0.0335 log 0.0168)]

Kx = 0.0196

x = 1.154 0.7764(1.154 1.217)

x = 1.2029
For path length up to about 22.5 km

d = 3.8 0.6 [ln (0.00001)]

d = 10.7078

b = 2.3 (0.00001) -0.17

b = 16.2828

c = 0.026 0.03 [ ln (0.00001)]

c = 0.3714

= ln [(16.2828)(e(0.3714)(10.7078))] / (10.7078)

= 0.6320

A = (0.0196)(0.00001) 1.2029 [((e(0.6320)(1.2029)(10.7078) 1) / (0.6320*1.2029)) ((16.2828(0.3714)

(1.2029)
* e(0.7764)(1.2029)(10.7078)) / (0.3714*1.2029)) ((16.2828(0.3714)(1.2029) * e(0.7764)(1.2029)(14)) /
(0.3714*1.2029))]

A = (0.0169*0.00001 1.2029) (4510.9353 171543.7687 3712749.28)

A = |-63.4153 X 10-3| dB/Km

Computing for Rainfall Attenuation

For High Band Frequency: (14.44 GHz)

M = (log 12 log 14.44) / (log 12 log 15)

M = 0.8295
Kx = log -1 [log 0.0335 0.8295 (log 0.0335 - 0.0168)]

Kx= 0.0189

x = 1.154 0.8295(1.154-1.217)

x = 1.2063

A = (0.0189)(0.00001) 1.2063 [((e(0.6320)(1.2063)(10.7078) 1) / (0.6320*1.2063)) ((16.2828(0.3714)

(1.2063)
*e(0.8295)(1.2063)(10.7078)) / (0.3714*1.2063)) ((16.2828(0.3714)(1.2063) * e(0.8295)(1.2063)(14)) /
(0.3714*1.2063))]

A = (0.0189*0.00001 1.2029) (4602.9507 350614.8356 336476.8028)

A = |-6.314277484x10-3| dB/Km

From: Specification Sheet

RADIO CONFIGURATION: Indoor Mounted RF Module

TRANSMIT OUTPUT POWER: (15 GHz) = 30 dBm

MINIMUM RECEIVER THRESHOLD (8XEI) at 15 GHz: -84dBm

WAVEGUIDE INSERTION LOSS: 7.81 dB

Computation for waveguide loss:

Given:

Waveguide attenuation dB / 100m = 15.62 dB/100m

Waveguide length =150m

 Waveguide loss =15.62 dB (150m)

100m

Waveguide loss = 23.43 dB

*see appendix for specification sheet of waveguide attenuation

CONNECTOR LOSS: Typically at 0.5 dB

ANTENNA GAIN: 50.5 dB

COMPUTATION FOR LOW BAND FREQUENCY (14.27 GHz)

PARAMETER VALUE UNIT

Microwave Radio Output 80 dBm

Power
Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Waveguide Loss 23.43 dB

Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Antenna Gain 50.5 dB

Free Space Loss 140.3992404 dB

Antenna Gain 50.5 dB

Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Waveguide Loss 23.43 dB

Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Power Input to Receiver (RSL) - 58.260 dBm

Minimum Receiver Threshold -84 dBm

Thermal Fade Margin 25.74 dBm

For Low Band Frequency: (14.27 GHz)

FSL = 92.45 + 20 log (14.27) + 20 log (17.5)

FSL =140.3992404 dB

RSL = Po+Gt-Lt

RSL = 30 + 50.5 + 50.5 [140.3992404+ 23.43+ 23.43+ (4*0.5)] = -58.260 dBm

Thermal Fade Margin = RSL Minimum Receiver Threshold

Thermal Fade Margin = - 58.260 (-84) = 25.74 dBm

DISPERSIVE FADE MARGIN

The actual dispersive fade margin may be given in the radio specification sheet
itself. However, if both are not given, one may assume the value base on the following
guide.

No equalizer regardless modulation -30db to 50db.

Adaptive transversal equalizer present, modulation 2PSK/QAM

E1 to 4*E1-80db to 90db

4*E1 to 8*E1-70db to 80db

19*E1 to E1-50db to 70 db
 Note: Since the dispersive margin is not given in the radio specification sheet, we
assume that the value will be 40db.

INTERFERENCE FADE MARGIN

Assume no interference.

COMPUTATION FOR LOW BAND FREQUENCY (14.27 GHz)

PARAMETER VALUE UNIT

Microwave Radio Output 80 dBm

Power
Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Waveguide Loss 23.43 dB

Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Antenna Gain 50.5 dB

Free Space Loss 140.3992404 dB

Rain Attenuation 0.211806 dB

Antenna Gain 0.5 dB

 Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Waveguide Loss 23.43 dB

Connector Loss 0.5 dBm

Power Input to Receiver (RSL) - 58.471 dBm

Minimum Receiver Threshold -84 dBm

Rain Fade Margin 25.529 dBm

LOW BAND FREQUENCY (14.27 GHz)

M = 0.8295

Kx = 0.0189

Ax = 1.2063

b = 16.2828

c = 0.3714

d = 10.7078

= 0.6320

Ao = 0.0121032

A = (Ao)(D)

Where:

D = Path Length = 17.5 km

A = (0.0121032dB/km)(17.5 km)

A = 0.211806

HIGH BAND FREQUENCY (14.44 GHz)

M = 0.7764

Kx = 0.0196

Ax = 1.2029

b = 16.2828

c = 0.3714

d = 10.7078

= 0.6320

Ao = 0.0296777 dB/km
Where:

D = Path Length = 17.5 km

A = (Ao)(D)

A = 0.0296777 dB/km)(17.5 km)

A = 0.51936
COMPUTATION FOR HIGH BAND FREQUENCY (14.44 GHz)

PARAMETER VALUE UNIT

Microwave Radio Output 80 dBm

Power
Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Waveguide Loss 23.43 dB

Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Antenna Gain 50.5 dB

Free Space Loss 140.3992404 dB

Rain Attenuation 50.5 dB

Antenna Gain 50.5 dB

Waveguide Loss 23.43 dB

Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Power Input to Receiver - 40. 7839 dBm

(RSL)
Minimum ReceiverThreshold -84 dBm

Thermal FadeMargin 43.2161 dBm

For High Band Frequency: (14.44 GHz)

FSL = 92.45 + 20 log (14.44) + 20 log (14)

FSL = 138.5639 dB

RSL = Po+Gt-Lt

RSL = 30 + 42.7 + 42.7 [138.5639 + 7.81 + 7.81 + (4*0.5)] = - 40. 7839 dBm

Thermal Fade Margin = RSL Minimum Receiver Threshold

Thermal Fade Margin = -40. 7839 (-84) = 43.2161 dBm

DISPERSIVE FADE MARGIN

The actual dispersive fade margin may be given in the radio specification sheet
itself. However, if both are not given, one may assume the value based on the following
guide.
No Equalizer Regardless Modulation -30dB to 50dB

Adaptive Transversal Equalizer Present, Modulation 2PSK/QAM

E1 to 4*E1 80dB to 90dB

4*E1 to 8*E1 70dB to 80dB

19*E1 to E1 50dB to 70dB

Note:

Since the dispersive margin is not given in the radio specification sheet, we assume that
the value will be 40 dB

INTERFERENCE FADE MARGIN

Assume no interference.

RAIN FADE MARGIN

COMPUTATION FOR LOW BAND FREQUENCY (14.27 GHz)

PARAMETER VALUE UNIT

 Microwave Radio Output 30 dBm
Power
Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Waveguide Loss 7.81 dB

Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Antenna Gain 42.7 dB

Free Space Loss 138.4610 dB

Rain Attenuation 0.8878142 dB

Antenna Gain 42.7 dB

Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Waveguide Loss 7.81 dB

Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Power Input toReceiver (RSL) -41.5688 dBm

Minimum ReceiverThreshold -84 dBm

Rain FadeMargin 42.4312 dBm

LOW BAND FREQUENCY (14.27 GHz)

M = 0.7764

Kx = 0.0189

x = 1.2063

b = 16.2828

c = 0.3714

d = 10.7078
 = 0.6320

Ao = 0.0634153 dB/km

A = (Ao)(D)

Where:

D = Path Length = 14 km

A = (0.0634153dB/km)(14 km)

A = 0.8878142 dB

HIGH BAND FREQUENCY (14.44 GHz)

M = 0.8295

Kx = 0.0196

x = 1.2029

b = 16.2828

c = 0.3714

d = 10.7078

= 0.6320

Ao = 0.006314278 dB/km

Where:

D = Path Length = 14 km

A = (Ao)(D)

A = (0.006314278 dB/km)(14 km)

A = 0.088399 dB

COMPUTATION FOR HIGH BAND FREQUENCY (14.44 GHz)

PARAMETER VALUE UNIT

Microwave Radio Output 30 dBm

Power
Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Waveguide Loss 23.43 dB

Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Antenna Gain 50.5 dB

Free Space Loss 140.3992404 dB

 Rain Attenuation 0.51936 dB

Antenna Gain 50.5 dB

Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Waveguide Loss 23.43 dB

Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Power Input to -58.77836 dBm

Receiver (RSL)

Minimum Receiver -84 dBm

Threshold
Rain Fade Margin 25.22164 dBm

Note: Because the path length 17.5km is less than 22.5km, crane rain attenuation is
used.
Computation:

For Low Band Frequency (14.27 GHz)

Rain Fade Margin = RSL Minimum receiver threshold

Where:

RSL = 30 + 42.7 + 42.7 [138.4610+ (2*7.81) + (4*0.5) +

0.8878142]

RSL = -41.5688 dBm

Minimum receiver threshold = -84 dBm

Rain Fade Margin = -41.5688 (-84)

Rain Fade Margin = 42.4312 dBm

For High Band Frequency (14.44 GHz)

Where:

RSL = 30 + 42.7 + 42.7 [138.5639+ (2*7.81) + (4*0.5) +

0.088399]

RSL = -38.8723 dBm

Minimum receiver threshold = -84 dBm

Rain Fade Margin = -39.8211 (-84)

 Rain Fade Margin = 44.1789 dBm

Antenna Misalignment:

(to be added to the thermal fade margin)

Insert 0.5 dB loss overall in the link budget to compensate to misalignment of the
antenna during installation.

Diffraction Losses:

(to be added to the thermal fade margin)

In determining, if there is a need to compute the diffraction losses, find out if any
point along the path come closer than 150% first freznel zone.

Based on the table, there is no need for computing the diffraction losses because
there is no point along the path that closer than 150% first freznel zone.

Clutter Losses:

( to be added to the thermal fade margin)

They have same clearing factor as diffraction, 150% first freznel zone, and they
should be within the near field of the antenna.

Based on the table, there is no need for computing the clutter losses because
there is no point along the path that closer than 150% first freznel zone.

Atmospheric losses:

( to be added to the thermal fade margin)

A. Oxygen Absorption Loss

 Attenuation due to the absorption of radio frequency energy by oxygen molecules
in the atmosphere.

For frequency below 57 GHz

FORMULA:

Ao = [7.19x10-3 + ((6.09) / ((f2 + 0.227) + ((4.81) / (f-57)2) + 1.5] x f2 x 10x10-3 dB/km

Where:

f = frequency (low band and high band frequency) in GHz

Computation for Low Band Frequency (14.27 GHz) at path length of 14km

Ao for 14km = [7.19x10-3 + ((6.09) / (14.272 + 0.227)) + ((4.81) / (14.27-57) 2) + 1.5] x

14.272 x 10x10-3

Ao for 14km = 8.0833x10-3 dB/km (14km)

Ao for 14km = 0.11317 dB

Computation for High Band Frequency (14.44 GHz) at path length of 14km

Ao for 14km = [7.19x10-3 + ((6.09) / (14.442 + 0.227)) + ((4.81) / (14.44-57) 2) + 1.5] x

14.442 x 10x10-3

Ao for 14km = 8.1358x10-3 dB/km (14km)

Ao for 14km = 0.1139 dB

B. Water Vapor Losses:

 Attenuation due to the absorption of radio frequency energy by water vapor in the
atmosphere is given by the formula:

AH2O = [0.067 + ((3) / (f-22.3) 2 + 7.3) + ((9) / (f-183.3) 2 + 6) + ((4.3) / (f-323.8) 2

+10)] x f2 x x 1x10-4 dB/km

Where:

f = frequency (low band and high band frequency) in GHz

= water vapor density in g/m3 should be below 12g/m3

Computation for Low Band Frequency (14.27 GHz) at path length of 17.5km

Awater = [0.067 + ((3) / (14.27-22.3) 2 + 7.3) + ((9) / (14.27-183.3) 2 + 6) + ((4.3) /

(14.27-323.8)2 +10)] x 14.272 x 12 x 1x10-4

Awater = 0.02667 dB/km (17.5km)

Awater = 0.37338 dB

Computation for Low Band Frequency (14.44 GHz) at path length of 17.5km

Awater = [0.067 + ((3) / (14.44 - 22.3) 2 + 7.3) + ((9) / (14.44 -183.3) 2 + 6) + ((4.3) /
(14.44 - 323.8)2 + 10)] x 14.442 x 12 x 1x10-4

Awater = 0.02772 dB/km (17.5km)

Awater = 0.38808 dB

TABLE FOR LOW BAND FREQUENCY (14.27 GHz)

 PARAMETER VALUE UNIT

Microwave Radio Output Power 30 dBm

Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Waveguide Loss 7.81 dB

Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Antenna Gain 42.7 dB

Free Space Loss 138.4610 dB

Rain Attenuation 0.8878142 dB

Atmospheric Loss (Oxygen) 0.11317 dB

Atmospheric Loss(Water Vapor) 0.37338 dB

Antenna Misalignment Loss 0.5 dB

Antenna Gain 42.7 dB

Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Waveguide Loss 7.81 dB

Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Power Input toReceiver (RSL) - 40.681 dBm

Minimum ReceiverThreshold -84 dBm

ThermalFadeMargin 43.5756 dBm

Computation For Low Band Frequency: (14.27 GHz)

FSL = 92.45 +20 log f + 20 log d

FSL = 92.45 + 20 log (14.27) + 20 log (14)

FSL =138.4610 dB

RSL = Po+Gt-Lt
 RSL = 30 + 42.7 + 42.7 [138.4610 + 7.81 + 7.81 + (4*0.5)] = - 40.681 dBm

Thermal Fade Margin = RSL Minimum Receiver Threshold

Thermal Fade Margin = - 40.681 (-84) = 43.319 dBm

Thermal Fade Margin = 43.5756 dBm

TABLE FOR HIGH BAND FREQUENCY (14.27 GHz)

PARAMETER VALUE UNIT

Microwave Radio Output 80 dBm

Power

Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Waveguide Loss 15.62 dB

Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Antenna Gain 50.5 dB

Free Space Loss 138.5639 dB

Rain Attenuation 0.088399 dB

Atmospheric Loss (Oxygen) 0.1139 dB

Atmospheric Loss(Water 0.38808 dB

Vapor)

Antenna Misalignment Loss 0.5 dB

Antenna Gain 7.81 dB

Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Waveguide Loss 7.81 dB

Connector Loss 0.5 dB

Power Input toReceiver -38.8723 dBm

(RSL)

Minimum ReceiverThreshold -84 dBm

 ThermalFadeMargin 43.2161 dBm

Computation for High Band Frequency: (14.44 GHz)

FSL = 92.45 + 20 log (14.44) + 20 log (14)

FSL = 138.5639 dB

RSL = Po+Gt-Lt

RSL = 30 + 42.7 + 42.7 [138.5639 + 7.81 + 7.81 + (4*0.5)] = - 40. 7839 dBm

Thermal Fade Margin = RSL Minimum Receiver Threshold

Thermal Fade Margin = -40. 7839 (-84) = 43.2161 dBm

Flat Fade Margin

Calculation for the Flat Fade Margin is given by the formula:

FMFLAT = -10log [10(-FM THERMAL/10 + 10(-FM ADJ CHANNEL/10) + 10(-FM INT/10) + 10(-FM DIFF/10)]

In cases when External Interference Fade Margin (FM INT) and Adjacent Channel Fade
Margin (FM ADJ CHANNEL) is not given, then term which contains these values in the
exponent is omitted. In this case only the Thermal Fade Margin is computed.

FMFLAT = -10log [10(-FM THERMAL/10]

For Low Band Frequency (14.27 GHz)

 FMFLAT = -10log [10(-43.5756/10]

FMFLAT = 43.5756 dBm43.5756

For High Band Frequency (14.44 GHz)

FMFLAT = -10log [10(-43.2226/10]

FMFLAT = 43.2226dBm

Composite Fade Margin:

Calculation of the composite fade margin is given by the formula:

FMeff =-10log [10(-FM FLAT/10) + Rd * 10(-FM DSP/10)]

Where: Rd is the fade occurrence factor with an average value of 3.

Computation for Low Band Frequency (14.27 GHz)

FMeff =-10log [10(-43.5756/10) + Rd * 10(-40/10)]

FMeff = 34.6357 dBm

Computation for High Band Frequency (14.27 GHz)

FMeff =-10log [10(-43.2496/10) + Rd * 10(-40/10)]

FMeff = 34.5927 dBm

RELIABILITY CALCULATION

Based on the Effective Fade Margin of the link, the Link Reliability Can be
calculated.
o KQ Factor
o KQ Factor with Terrain Roughness
o Vigant Barnett
o CCIR Recommendation 59.33

The calculation for the Fade Probability in the K-Q Reliability Calculation is given
by the formula:
U = K-Q * fb* dc * 10(-FMeff/10)

Where:

K-Q = 1x10-9; b =1.2; c =3.5

Unavailability for Link

For Low Band Frequency (14.27 GHz)

ULB = 1x10-9 * 14.271.2 * 17.53.5 * 10(-34.6357/10)

ULB = 187.2284915-9

For High Band Frequency (14.44 GHz)

UHB = 1x10-9 * 14.441.2 * 17.53.5 * 10(-34.5927/10)

UHB = 189.9082371-9
Unfaded Reliability

For Low Band Frequency (14.27 GHz)

RLB = (1 187.2284915x10-9)*100

RLB = 99.99998128%

For High Band Frequency (14.44 GHz)

RHB = (1 189.9082x10-9)*100

RHB = 99.99998101%

Using the same value for K-Q = 1x10 -9; b =1.2; c =3.5, the unavailability and
reliability for the link due to rain can be calculated.

Rain Fade Margin

Rain Fade Margin = Effective Fade Margin Rain attenuation

For Low Band Frequency (14.27 GHz)

Rain Fade Margin = 34.6357 - 0.088399

RFM = 34.547301dBm

For High Band Frequency (14.44 GHz)

Rain Fade Margin = 34.5927 - 0.088399

 RFM = 34.5043dBm

Computation for unavailability due to Rain Fade Margin

For Low Band Frequency (14.27 GHz)

ULB = 1x10-9 * 14.271.2 * 17.53.5 * 10(-33.74789/10)

ULB = 229.6957X10-9

For High Band Frequency (14.44 GHz)

UHB = 1x10-9 * 14.441.2 * 17.53.5 * 10(-34.5043/10)

UHB = 232.9833x10-9

Unfaded Reliability due to Rain Attenuation

For Low Band Frequency (14.27 GHz)

RLB = (1 - 105.1884x10-9)*100

RLB = 99.999998948%

For High Band Frequency (14.44 GHz)

RHB = (1 - 89.6394x10-9)*100

RHB = 99.99999104%

K Q factor with terrain roughness

Based on the effective fade margin of the link, the reliability with terrain roughness
factor can be calculated:

U = (K-Q) / S 1.3 x f b x 10(fmeff /10)

Where:

K Q factor: w = 1 x 109

S = Terrain roughness factor = 40.136

b = 1.2 , c = 3.5

Computation of unavailability for link

For low band frequency: (14.27GHz)

ULB = (1x10-9 / 40.1361.3) x 14.271.2 x 17.53.5 x 10(-34.6357/10)

ULB = 1540.9112 X 10-12

For high band frequency: (14.44)

UHB = (1x10-9 / 40.1361.3) x14.441.2 x 143.5 x 10(-34.5043/10)

UHB = 1610.9775 X 10-12

Unfaded Reliability:

For low band frequency (14.27GHz)

RLB = (1 1540.9112 X 10-12) X 100

RLB = 99.99999985%

For High band Frequency (14.44 GHz)

 RHB = (1 1610.9775 X 10-12) X 100

RHB = 99.99999984%

Using the same value for K-Q = 1x10 -9; b = 1.2; c= 3.5, the unavailability and reliability
for link due to rain can be cancelled.

Rain fade margin = Effective fade margin- rain attenuation

For Low Band Frequency (14.27 GHz)

Rain Fade Margin = 34.6357 - 0.8878142

RFM = 33.74789dBm

For High Band Frequency (14.44 GHz)

Rain Fade Margin = 34.5927 - 0.088399

RFM = 34.5043dBm

Computation for unavailability due to rain fade margin with terrain roughness
factor

For low band frequency: (14.27GHz)

ULB = (1x10-9 / 40.1361.3) x 14.271.2 x 17.53.5 x 10(-34.6357/10)

ULB = 1540.9112 X 10-12

For high band frequency: (14.44)

UHB = (1x10-9 / 40.1361.3) x14.441.2 x 143.5 x 10(-34.5043/10)

UHB = 1610.9775 x 10-12

Unfaded Reliability Due to Rain Attenuation with Terrain Roughness

For low band frequency (14.27GHz)

RLB = (1 1540.9112 X 10-12) X 100

RLB = 99.99999993%

For High band Frequency (14.44 GHz)

RHB = (1 1610.9775 X 10-12) X 100

RHB = 99.99999992%

Vigants :Barnete calculation

Base on the effective fade margin of the link, the link reliability using vigantsbarnete
calculation can be calculated using formula

C= Cf x (S / 15.2)-1.3

Where :

C= C-factor value Cf= 0.25: mountains and dry land

Cf = climate factor 0.25 Cf = 1: average terrain and climate conditions

S = roughness = 40 .136 Cf = 2: over water oath, gulf,and coastal areas

Note : We use the climate factor of 1, because the average terrain is more dominated
than mountaneous

C= 1x (40.136/15.2)-1.3

C = 0.2830
Computation for unavailability link

Using formula:

U = 6.0 X 10-7 x C x f x d3 x 10(-Fmeff /10)

For low band frequency (14.27 GHz)

ULB = 6.0 X 10-7 x C x f x d3 x 10(-Fmeff /10)

ULB= 6.0 X 10-7x 0.2830 x 14.27x 17.53 x 10(-34.6357/10)
ULB = 4.4659x10-6

For High band frequency (14.44GHz )

UHB = 6.0 X 10-7 x C x f x d3 x 10(-Fmeff /10)

UHB = 6.0 X 10-7 x 0.2830 x 14.44 x 17.53 x 10(-34.5043/10)
UHB = 4.6579 x 10-6

Unfaded reliability

For low Band Frequency (12.27 GHz)

RLB = (1 4.4659x10-6) x 100

RLB = 99.99955%

For High band frequency (12.44 GHz)

RHB =(1 4.6579 x 10-6) x 100

RHB = 99.99953%

Vigants: Barnette calculation

Rain Fade margin = Effective fade margin rain attenuation

For Low Band Frequency (14.27GHz)

Rain Fade Margin = 34.6357 - 0.8878142

RFM = 33.74789dBm

For High Band Frequency (14.44 GHz)

Rain Fade Margin = 34.5927 - 0.088399

RFM = 34.5043dBm

Unfaded reliability

For low Band Frequency (12.27 GHz)

RLB = (1 2.2965x10-6) x 100

RLB = 99.99978%

For High band frequency (12.44 GHz)

RHB =(1 2.3848 x 10-6) x 100

RHB = 99.99977%

CCIR Recommendation 530

A: Path inclination
 = 1000 x Tan -1 ( |h 1h 2| ) /1000 x d) milliradian

Where:

h1and h2 = Antenna Height above sea level in (m)

d= Distance from site A to site B (km)
h1 = 90 m, h2 = 170 m, d = 14km

Computation for path inclination ()

= 1000 x Tan -1 (I505-470I / 1000 x 13)

= 2.916658milliradian

B: Average grazing angle ()

m = d2 /[3400 x (h1 + h2)

c = (( |h 1h 2| ) / (h1 + h2))

b= 2 x
1
+
3 3( ) {( )
cos
3c
2
x
[ 3m
( m+1 )3]}
}

{ [(m+ 1)/3 m]}x cos {

e = [(h1 + h2) / d] x [(1-m)(1+b2)]

Computation:

m = 142 / [34000 x (505 + 470)]

m = 0.147692

c= ((I505-470I) / (505+470))

c= 0.035897
 1
+
3 3
cos ( ) {(
3 x 0.05387575
2
x
[
3 x 0.053875758
)
( 0.05387575+ 1 )3
}
]}
b=2x

0.05387575+1
{ [ ]} x cos {
3 x 0.053875758

b = 0.0335126

e = [(505+470) / 17.5] x [(1-0.147692)(1+0.035897^2)]

e = 69.17234 milliradians

Computation for CCIR recommendation 530 unavailability

C : Geo-Climatic factor

k = 10-5.4 x PL1.5 : for over land paths

k = 10-6 x PL 1.5 : for mountainous paths

k = 10-4.9x PL1.5 : for over water paths

Computation for CCIR recommendation 530 unavailability

u = k x (1+ ) -11x e -1.2 x f0.93 x d3.3 x 10(-Femff/10)

Note : we use geo climatic facto k = 10-5.4 x PL1.5 (over land path)

k = 1x 10 -5.4 x 151.5

k= 231.2794 x10-6

For Low band frequency( 14.27 GHz)

 ULB = 4.4659x10-6 X(1+2.916658)-1.1 x 69.17234-1.2 x 14.270.93 x 17.53.3 x10(-
38.5043/10)

ULB = 13.0314 x 10-6

For High band Frequency (14.44 GHz)

UHB = 231.2794 x10-6x (1+5.71422)-1.1 x 19.2344-1.2 x 14.440.93 x 17.53.3 x10(-

38.5043/10)

UHB = 13.1757 x 10-6

Unfaded Reliability

For low band frequency(14.27GHz)

RLB = (1 - 13.0314 x 10-6) x 100%

RLB = 99.99917023%

For Low band Frequency (14.44 GHz)

RHB = (1 - 13.1757 x 10-6) x 100%

RHB = 99.99916105%

Rain Fade Margin

Rain Fade margin = Effective fade margin Rain Attenuation

For Low Band Frequency (14.27GHz)

Rain Fade Margin = 38.0134 - 0.8878142

RFM = 37.9250 dBm

For High Band Frequency (14.44 GHz)

Rain Fade Margin = 38.2334 - 0.088399

RFM = 38.1450dBm

Computation for unavailability due to rain fade margin

For low band frequency (14.27 GHz)

ULB = 231.2794 x10-6x (1+5.71422)-1.1 x 19.2344-1.2 x 14.270.93 x 17.53.3 x10(-

37.9250/10)

ULB = 9.481657 x 10-6

For High band frequency (14.44GHz )

UHB = 231.2794 x10-6x (1+5.71422)-1.1 x 19.2344-1.2 x 14.440.93 x 17.53.3 x10(-

38.1450/10)

UHB = 9.11312785 x 10-6

Unfaded reliability

For low Band Frequency (12.27 GHz)

RLB = (1 9.481657 x 10-6) x 100%

RLB = 99.999052%

For High band frequency (12.44 GHz)

RHB =(1 9.11312785 x 10-6) x 100%

RHB = 99.999089%
 PATH RELIABILITY

A: K-Q

Unfaded Reliability

For Low band frequency: 99.99999143%

 For High band Frequency: 99.99999122%

Rain Reliability

For Low band frequency: 99.99999104%

For High band Frequency: 99.999998948%

B: K-Q with terrain roughness factor

Unfaded Reliability

For Low band frequency: 99.99999993%

For High band Frequency: 99.99999993%

Rain Reliability

For Low band frequency: 99.99999993%

For High band Frequency: 99.99999993%

C: Vigants: Barnete calculation

Unfaded Reliability

For Low band frequency: 99.99978%

For High band Frequency: 99.99977%

Rain Reliability

For Low band frequency: 99.99999992%

For High band Frequency: 99.99999993%

D: CCIR recommendation 530

Unfaded Reliability

For Low band frequency: 99.99917023%

For High band Frequency: 99.99916105%

Rain Reliability

For Low band frequency: 99.999052%

For High band Frequency: 99.999089%