10/13/2016 Electrocoagulation
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Electrocoagulation Overview
Electrocoagulation
Electrocoagulation Overview
Electrocoagulation Technology
Variable Electro Precipitator
100 GPM Portable System
200 GPM Portable System
300-400 GPM Portable System
Electro vs Chemical
Coagulation
Electrocoagulation Water Test
Applications & Benets
General Capabilities
Electrocoagulation (EC), the passing of electrical current through water, has proven very eective in the removal of
Additional Applications
contaminants from water. Electrocoagulation systems have been in existence for many years (Dieterich, patented
1906), using a variety of anode and cathode geometries, including plates, balls, uidized bed spheres, wire mesh, Case Studies
rods, and tubes. F&T Water Solutions technology has taken a quantum leap in rening the EC process to increase
removal rates and to lower capital and operating costs.
F&T Water Solutions
Systems are:
The electrocoagulation processis based on valid scientic principles involving responses of water contaminants
to strong electric elds, currents, and electrically induced oxidation and reduction reactions. Depending on the
Skid mounted for the smallest Available in portable or
solution matrix, this process is able to take out over 99 percent of some heavy metal cations and also appears to be
possible footprint based units
able to disrupt cell wall or cell membrane of microorganisms in the water. It is also able to precipitate charged
colloids and remove signicant amounts of other ions, colloids, and emulsions . When the system is in place, the
operating costs including electric power, replacement of electrodes, pump maintenance, and labor can be less than
$1 per thousand gallons for many applications. Potential applications to agriculture and quality of rural life include
removal of pathogens and heavy metals from drinking water and decontamination of food processing wash
Partnered with other water Meets or exceeds water re
waters.
remediation professionals adding quality standards
pre and post treatment integrated
Coagulation is one of the most important physiochemical operations used in water treatment. This is a process solutions
used to cause the destabilization and aggregation of smaller particles into larger particles. Water contaminants
such as ions (heavy metals) and colloids (organics and inorganics) are primarily held in solution by electrical
charges. Schulze, in 1882, showed that colloidal systems could be destabilized by the addition of ions having a
charge opposite to that of the colloid (Beneeld et al., 1982). The destabilized colloids can be aggregated and What we oer
subsequently removed by sedimentation and/or ltration.
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Coagulation can be achieved by chemical or electrical means. Chemical coagulation is becoming less acceptable
F&T will control the
today because of the higher costs associated with chemical treatments (e. g. the large volumes of sludge generated,
operation of the technology
and the hazardous waste categorization of metal hydroxides, to say nothing of the costs of the chemicals required
to insure that each unit is
to eect coagulation).
operated in a competent
manner and in accordance
Chemical coagulation has been used for decades to destabilize suspensions and to eect precipitation of soluble
with the desires and
metal species, as well as other inorganic species from aqueous streams, thereby permitting their removal through
directions of our customers
sedimentation or ltration. Alum, lime, and/or polymers have been the chemical coagulants used. These processes,
however, tend to generate large volumes of sludge with high bound water content that can be slow to lter and
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dicult to dewater. These treatment processes also tend to increase the total dissolved solids content of the
euent, making it unacceptable for reuse within industrial applications.
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Electrocoagulation can often neutralize ion and particle charges, thereby allowing contaminants to precipitate,
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reducing the concentration below that possible with chemical precipitation, and can reduce or replace the use of
expensive chemical agents (metal salts, polymer).
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10/13/2016 Electrocoagulation
Although the electrocoagulation mechanism resembles chemical coagulation in that the cationic species are
responsible for the neutralization of surface charges, the characteristics of the electrocoagulated oc dier
dramatically from those generated by chemical coagulation. An electrocoagulated oc tends to contain less bound
water, is more shear resistant, and is more readily lterable.
Electrocoagulation has reduced contaminated water volume by 98% and lowered the treatment cost by 90% for
bilge water containing heavy metals and oil emulsions (Gilmore 1993).
Electrocoagulation performance for water treatment may vary because of the individual
chemistry of process waters, a few examples of water treated by electrocoagulation include:
F&Ts Variable Electro Precipitator (VEP) delivers electrocoagulation through reaction
chambers and produces several distinct electrochemical results independently. These observed
reactions may be explained as:
F&Ts Variable Electro Precipitator (VEP) uses separate reaction chambers in series to produce
distinct electrochemical results in each chamber. The Variable Electro Precipitator process is
optimized by controlling reaction chamber anode and cathode materials (iron, aluminum,
titanium, graphite, etc.), amperage, voltage, water ow rate, and the pH of the water. The
technology handles mixed waste streams (oil, metals, bacteria), very eectively. Variables such as
temperature and pressure typically have little eect on the process. Typically separate
performance testing is conducted on each wastestream prior to deployment.
The electrocoagulation fundamentals:
Cost: The operating costs of electrocoagulation vary greatly as a function of the chemical makeup of the specic
water to be treated. For example, municipal sewage water was treated for $0.00024/ gallon, and steam cleaner
water containing crude oil, dirt and a high concentration of heavy metals was treated for $0.05/gallon.
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