How to interface RFID with 8051 microcontroller (AT89C51)
An RFID (Radio-frequency identification and detection) reader is a device which is used to
communicate with RFID tags by receiving and transmitting signals. These signals use
radio waves for wireless [Link] tag is applied to products, individuals or
animals to identify and track them. The identification is done through a unique serial
number. This topic covers the interfacing of a passive RFID system with AT89C51. The
code of RFID tag is also displayed on an LCD interface.
Description:
An RFID (Radio-frequency identification and detection) reader is a device which is used to
communicate with RFID tags by receiving and transmitting signals. These signals use radio
waves for wireless communication. RFID tag is applied to products, individuals or animals
to identify and track them. The identification is done through a unique serial number. This
topic covers the interfacing of a passive RFID system with AT89C51. The code of RFID tag is also
displayed on an LCD interface. The free source code for the program is available in
C. An RFID module basically consists of two parts, namely, a tag and a reader. A typical RFID
system consists of an antenna, a transceiver and a transponder (RF tag). The radio
frequency is read by the transceiver and the information is transferred to a device for
further processing. The information (the unique serial number) to be transmitted is stored
in the RF tag or transponder. The transponder contains a chip and an antenna mounted on a
substrate. The chip transmits the relevant information through antenna.
An RFID module basically consists of two parts, namely, a tag and a reader. A typical RFID
system consists of an antenna, a transceiver and a transponder (RF tag). The radio
frequency is read by the transceiver and the information is transferred to a device for
further processing. The information (the unique serial number) to be transmitted is stored
in the RF tag or transponder.
The transponder contains a chip and an antenna mounted on a substrate. The chip
transmits the relevant information through antenna. The antenna also receives the
electromagnetic waves sent by the RFID reader.
Different RFID tags work on different frequencies. Here low frequency, 125 kHz, RFID tags
have been used. These tags work within a range of 10 cm. When an RFID tag comes in
this range, the reader detects it and sends a unique code of the tag serially. This serial
code, consisting of 12 bytes, is received by the microcontroller.
A serial level converter is required for AT89C51 to receive these serial signals. IC MAX232
has been used for this purpose to interface the RFID reader with microcontroller. The
circuit connections are as follows:
Receiver1 (R1) of MAX232 has been used for the serial communication. The receiver pin
of RFID reader is connected to R1IN (pin13) of MAX232. R1OUT (pin 12) of MAX232 is
connected to RxD (P3.0) of microcontroller.
Pins 1-3 of port P1 (P1.0, P1.1 & P1.2 respectively) of AT89C51 are connected to the
control pins 4-6 LCD. The unique identification code of RFID tag is displayed on the LCD.
In the program, Timer1 is configured for serial communication. The baud rate is set to
9600bps for data transmission. The LCD is initialized to display the code. When a card/tag
comes in the proximity of RFID reader, the microcontroller reads the code and sends it to
the LCD module.
Block diagram:
Components Required:
LCD: LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide
range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly
used in various devices and circuits.
AT89C51 Microcontroller: AT89C51 is an 8-bit microcontroller and belongs to Atmel's 8051
family. ATMEL 89C51 has 4KB of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory
(PEROM) and 128 bytes of RAM. It can be erased and program to a maximum of 1000
times.
MAX232: The MAX232 IC is used to convert the TTL/CMOS logic levels to RS232 logic
levels during serial communication of microcontrollers with PC. The controller operates at
TTL logic level (0-5V) whereas the serial communication in PC works on RS232 standards
(-25 V to + 25V). This makes it difficult to establish a direct link between them to
communicate with each other.
Circuit Diagram:
Code:
//Program to interface RFID with 8051 microcontroller (AT89C51) #include<reg51.h>
unsigned int data_out,command=0x80,temp;
sfr lcd_data_pin=0xA0; //P2 port
sbit rs=P1^0; //Register select
sbit rw=P1^1; //Read/Write
sbit en=P1^2; //Enable pin
unsigned char card_id[12];
void delay(unsigned int count) //Function to provide delay
{
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<count;i++)
for(j=0;j<1275;j++);
}
void lcd_command(unsigned char comm) //Lcd command funtion
{
lcd_data_pin=comm;
en=1;
rs=0;
rw=0;
delay(1);
en=0;
}
void lcd_data(unsigned char disp) //Lcd data function
{
lcd_data_pin=disp;
en=1;
rs=1;
rw=0;
delay(1);
en=0;
}
lcd_string(unsigned char *disp) //Function to send string
{
int x;
for(x=0;disp[x]!=0;x++)
{
lcd_data(disp[x]);
}
}
void lcd_ini() //Function to initialize the LCD
{
lcd_command(0x38);
delay(5);
lcd_command(0x0F);
delay(5);
lcd_command(0x80);
delay(5);
}
void recieve() //Function to recieve data serialy from RS232
{
unsigned char k;
for(k=0;k<12;k++)
{
while(RI==0);
card_id[k]=SBUF;
RI=0;
}
}
void main()
{
int l;
TMOD=0x20; //Enable Timer 1
TH1=0XFD;
SCON=0x50;
TR1=1; // Triggering Timer 1
lcd_ini();
lcd_command(0x81); //Place cursor to second position of
first line
lcd_string("UNIQUE CARD ID:");
delay(200);
while(1)
{
recieve();
lcd_command(0xC1); //Place cursor to second position
of second line
for(l=0;l<12;l++)
{
lcd_data(card_id[l]);
}
}
}