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Core Electronics Course: Attenuator Notes

The document provides notes from a core electronics course on resistor applications in 1-L-section attenuators. It explains that an attenuator must have an equivalent input resistance equal to the source/load resistance to maximize power transfer and minimize reflections. Formulas are derived showing that given an attenuation ratio K and source/load resistance R, the resistor values are R1 = R(K/(K-1)) and R2 = R(K-1).

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6 views6 pages

Core Electronics Course: Attenuator Notes

The document provides notes from a core electronics course on resistor applications in 1-L-section attenuators. It explains that an attenuator must have an equivalent input resistance equal to the source/load resistance to maximize power transfer and minimize reflections. Formulas are derived showing that given an attenuation ratio K and source/load resistance R, the resistor values are R1 = R(K/(K-1)) and R2 = R(K-1).

Uploaded by

profvip
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ECTL Labs

Electronics and Computers Training Labs


=========================================================
//) ) ) ) ))
) ) ) @_@) Core Electronics Course Day 1 Notes
((( = ) [July 2010]
) ) ) - (_ __
/ `-'\\ /,\\\`
=========================================================

Core Electronics Course


Resistor Applications: 1-L-Section Attenuator

The schematic:
The attenuators properties:
1-Input Resistance [Equivalent Resistance between the two
terminals of the attenuator when connected to the load must =R

Where R is the Source Resistance= Load Resistance

Why? to make the [L-section + The Load] receives the maximum


power from the source + minimize the reflections of the
radiation come out from the source [ Reflections in the light
occurs due to passing through different materials , in
electromagetic circuits ;it is occurred when passing through
different resistances[Impedance in general]

2-The ratio between the output voltage to the input voltage is the
attenuation ratio =1/k
K=Inverse of the attenuation ratio.
=> In dB [Decibel] notation
dB=10*log (Power Ratio)
or
dB=20*log (Voltage Ratio)
Pin Vin2 /RSource
[As 10*log = 10*log
Pout Vout2 /RLoad
{Here RSource =RLoad and generally we do
Resistance normalization (Assume that R=1) }
Pin Vin2 Vin
So 10*log = 10*log = 20*log ]
Pout Vout 2
Vout
Applying KCL @ the input node:
IRg =IR1
IRg =current through the source resistance
IR1 =current through the first attenuator resistance
Vg -Vin Vin -Vout
So : =
R R1
as Vg =2Vin so the numenator in
the first fraction =Vg -Vin = 2Vin -Vin =Vin
Vin Vin -Vout V -V V
So = So R1 =R* in out But K= in
R R1 Vin Vout
So dividing both numenator and denumenator by Vout
k-1
R1 = R*
k
Applying KCL @ the output node:
IR1 = IR2 +IRout
IR1 =current through the first attenuator resistance
IR2 =current through the Second attenuator resistance
IRout =current through the load resistance
Vin -Vout Vout Vout
So : = +
R1 R2 R
Vin
But K=
Vout
So dividing both sides by Vout
k-1 1 1
= +
R1 R2 R
k-1
But R1 =R* So
k
k-1 1 1
= + then
k-1 R2 R
R*
k
K 1 1 K-1 1 R
= + So = So R2 =
R R2 R R R2 K-1

The final deduction : Given values of k[1/Attenuation


factor] and R[ source=load resistance]
Then
K-1 R
R1 =R * and R2 =
K K-1
The homework
[for those who don’t get the hardcopy material]
Prove for a [L-Section Type B] attenuator as shown in the following figure;

Values of R1 and R2 are ;represectively ; equal =>


K
R1 =R ( )
K-1
R2 =R (K-1)
where K=Inverse of the attenuation ratio.
Vin
K= =10 dB = 3.16 Absolute.
Vout
and R= Load Impedance = Source Impedance=50 Ohm.

Then verify for attenuation value=10dB


R1= 73.12 Ohm
R2=108.11 Ohm

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