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Key Mathematical Formulas Explained

This document contains important mathematical formulas in several categories: 1) Algebraic formulas for expanding and factorizing expressions with two or more terms like (a + b)(a - b) and (a + b + c)2. 2) Formulas for exponentiation like (a ± b)3, an + bn, and (a ± b)2n. 3) Other number theory rules like n(n + l)(2n + 1) being divisible by 6 and 32n leaving a remainder of 1 when divided by 8. 4) Geometric formulas like the minimum value of a2sec2θ + b2cosec2θ and the largest area for

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217 views2 pages

Key Mathematical Formulas Explained

This document contains important mathematical formulas in several categories: 1) Algebraic formulas for expanding and factorizing expressions with two or more terms like (a + b)(a - b) and (a + b + c)2. 2) Formulas for exponentiation like (a ± b)3, an + bn, and (a ± b)2n. 3) Other number theory rules like n(n + l)(2n + 1) being divisible by 6 and 32n leaving a remainder of 1 when divided by 8. 4) Geometric formulas like the minimum value of a2sec2θ + b2cosec2θ and the largest area for

Uploaded by

gopalmyneni
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Important Mathematical Formulas
  • Mathematical Properties

Important Mathematical Formulas

Maths Formulas
1. (a + b)(a b) = a2 b2

1. (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)

1. (a b)2 = a2 + b2 2ab

1. (a + b + c + d)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + 2(ab + ac + ad + bc + bd + cd)

1. (a b)3 = a3 b3 3ab(a b)

1. (a b)(a2 + b2 m ab) = a3 b3

1. (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 -ab bc ca) = a3 + b3 + c3 3abc =

1/2 (a + b + c)[(a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2]

1. when a + b + c = 0, a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc

1. (x + a)(x + b) (x + c) = x3 + (a + b + c) x2 + (ab + bc + ac)x + abc

1. (x a)(x b) (x c) = x3 (a + b + c) x2 + (ab + bc + ac)x abc

1. a4 + a2b2 + b4 = (a2 + ab + b2)( a2 ab + b2)

1. a4 + b4 = (a2 2ab + b2)( a2 + 2ab + b2)

1. an + bn = (a + b) (a n-1 a n-2 b+ a n-3 b2 a


b3 +.. + b n-1)
n-4

(valid only if n is odd)


1. an bn = (a b) (a n-1 + a n-2 b + a n-3 b2 + a n-4 b3 + + b n-1)
{where n N)
1. (a b) is always positive while -(a b) is always negative, for
2n 2n

any real values of a and b

1. (a b)2n = (b a)2 and (a b)2n+1 = (b a)2n+1

1. if and are the roots of equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, roots of cx +


bx + a = 0 are 1/ and 1/.
if and are the roots of equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, roots of ax2
bx + c = 0 are - and -.
1.
n(n + l)(2n + 1) is always divisible by 6.

32n leaves remainder = 1 when divided by 8


n3 + (n + 1 )3 + (n + 2 )3 is always divisible by 9

102n + 1 + 1 is always divisible by 11

n(n2 1) is always divisible by 6

n2+ n is always even

23n-1 is always divisible by 7

152n-1 +l is always divisible by 16

n3 + 2n is always divisible by 3

34n 4 3n is always divisible by 17

n! + 1 is not divisible by any number between 2 and n


(where n! = n (n l)(n 2)(n 3).3.2.1)
for eg 5! = [Link].1 = 120 and similarly 10! = [Link].1=
3628800

1. Product of n consecutive numbers is always divisible by n!.

1. If n is a positive integer and p is a prime, then np n is divisible by


p.

1. |x| = x if x 0 and |x| = x if x 0.

1. Minimum value of a2.sec2 + b2.cosec2 is (a + b)2; (0 < < 90)

for eg. minimum value of 49 sec2 + 64.cosec2 is (7 + 8)2 = 225.


2. among all shapes with the same perimeter a circle has the largest
area.

1. if one diagonal of a quadrilateral bisects the other, then it also


bisects the quadrilateral.

1. sum of all the angles of a convex quadrilateral = (n 2)180

1. number of diagonals in a convex quadrilateral = 0.5n(n 3)

1. let P, Q are the midpoints of the nonparallel sides BC and AD of a


trapezium [Link],
APD = CQB.

Important Mathematical Formulas Maths Formulas 1. (a + b)(a – b) = a2 – b2 1. (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc +
 n3 + (n + 1 )3 + (n + 2 )3 is always divisible by 9  102n + 1 + 1 is always divisible by 11  n(n2– 1) is always

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