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Density-Based Traffic Light Control System

This document describes a density based traffic light controller system that uses Arduino and infrared sensors. The system measures traffic density in each of four lanes over 10 seconds by counting the number of passing vehicles. It then adjusts the green light duration for that lane based on whether traffic density is low, medium, or high. This allows lanes with more vehicles to have a longer green light, improving traffic flow. The system could be expanded across a city and synchronized over a network.

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11 views2 pages

Density-Based Traffic Light Control System

This document describes a density based traffic light controller system that uses Arduino and infrared sensors. The system measures traffic density in each of four lanes over 10 seconds by counting the number of passing vehicles. It then adjusts the green light duration for that lane based on whether traffic density is low, medium, or high. This allows lanes with more vehicles to have a longer green light, improving traffic flow. The system could be expanded across a city and synchronized over a network.

Uploaded by

SAP ANU
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DENSITY BASED TRAFFIC LIGHT

CONTROLLER
ANANDHI M
ECE DEPARTMENT
K.L.N COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
anandhianandhi99@[Link]

Abstract:
Traffic has become a major issue nowadays. It has become a mandatory work to control the
traffic because of rapid increasing automobiles and delays in traffic lights. As a solution to
this problem, we have to go for density based traffic lights system. This project harnesses the
processing capabilities and interfacing simplicity of Arduino to measure load input which
denotes the number of vehicles in each lane and sets delay of corresponding signal LEDs
accordingly. The heart of this circuit is an Arduino, which is connected to four IR sensors
measuring the number of vehicles passing through the four lanes. During the first 10
seconds, density is measured which is the number of vehicles passing through the lane and
then processed and accordingly delays are set. Thus, the road with more vehicles is shown
green light which indicates GO for a more duration which makes it possible for efficient
traffic control. The major components in the scenario include Arduino Uno, IR sensors and
LEDs. This project uses an Arduino Uno as microcontroller. These IR sensors are used for
line of sight object detection using which the system gets an input of the traffic density.
Traffic density is measured as low, medium and high. Based on this density reading the
system adjusts and varies the traffic signal duration for that particular way. The IR readings
are logged into the Arduino memory for the first 10 seconds. After the initial 10 seconds, the
readings are compared to set levels so that the output delay for LED is calculated. This
happens for every of the four main control lines for the signal output. The real time traffic
light controller is a complex piece of equipment which consists of power cabinet, main
controller or processor, relays, control panel with switches or keys, communication ports etc.
Traffic signals operating on fixed signal timing delays do not adjust to the changing traffic
density. When the traffic density increases more than a limit at one particular side, it needs a
long green light duration to ease traffic flow. This system can also be further enhanced by
using multiple such systems across the city and synchronizing them through a network.

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