1 A Food: fuel or pleasure?
carry (to) - a avea asupra (ta), a cara, a duce
cut down (to) - a elimina
diet - obicei culinar
dish - fel de mancare, reteta (ex. paste Bolognese)
entire - whole
habit - obicei, rutina
heat up (to) - a incalzi
kip smb going (to) - a tine pe cineva activ
main course - fel principal
meal - masa ( toate felurile servite la o masa )
mind (to) - a deranja
proper - adecvat, asa cum trebuie
raw - crud, negatit
quite - destul de
smb - somebody
spelling - ortografie
starter - aperitiv
takeaway - mancare la pachet
vegetables - legume (vegitables)
wholemeal - integral
Present simple (actions in progress)
things that are allways true
things that happen regularly
pozitiv get s to III pers sg
ex: work+s = works
go, do get es to III pers, sg
vb. ending in ch, sh, s, x, z get es to III pers, sg
ex: watch+es = watches , finish+es = finish+es
vb. ending in vowel + y get s to III pers, sg
ex: play+s = plays
vb. ending in consonant +y
get ies to III pers, sg ( y-> ies):
I study We study
You study You study
He, She, It studies They study
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To be
I am We are
You are You are
He, She, It is They are
use do / does for questions and negations
negativ do + not + vb
ex: I do not study (dont)
She doesnt like chocolate
III pers sg: does + not + vb
doesnt study
? What Do you study ?
interogativ Q (question word) A (auxiliary) S (subject) V (verb)
ex: Do you work on Sundays?
for to be, dont use auxiliary do:
ex: Is he in the room?
Present continuous
for actions in progress at the moment of speaking (now, at that moment)
future arrangements
I am
You are + vb + ing
He, She, It is
ex: I am going out tonight
for current trents (tendinte curente)
ex: People are getting fatter those days
spelling: vb. ending in e : write -> writing
vb. ending in ie : lie ( ie->y ) -> lying
vb. ending in y : study -> studying ( keep the y )
vb. in 1 sylabe ending in consonant -> double the consonant
sit -> sitting; get -> getting
Adverbs of freqvency: always, usually, sometimes, never, hardly, ever,
tipically
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ex: I always work from 9 to 5. ( before the vb. - generally)
I am always in a hurry. ( after vb. to be)
actions with a type of regularity: this week (month, year), today, tonight
with verbs: like, dislike, hate, mind
Present simple questions
put first auxiliary
ex: Do you work?
A (aux.) S (subj.) V (vb. inf)
What do you study?
Q (qw) A (aux.) S (subj.) V (vb. inf)
Q (question words): where, how, when, how long
for to be, dont use auxiliary do:
ex. Are you home tonight?
ex. What time is the concert?
Present continue questions
ex: Are you having dinner tonight?
A (aux.) S (subj.) V (vb. + ing)
eggplant - vnat
fork - furculita
garlic - usturoi
knife - cutit
lettuce - salata
parsley - patrunjel
plate - farfurie
prawns - creveti
sausages - crnati
spoon - lingura
spoonfuls - lingurite pline
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squid - calmar
steamed (vegetables) - gatite in abur (nnabusite)
stew - tocana
trout - pstrv
1B If you really want to win, cheat
annoy (to) - a irita, a supara, insistent
bam (to) - a interzice, a retrage un drept
cheer (to) - a aclama
fencing - scrima
lie (to) - a sta intins
referee - arbitru
shoot (to) - a impusca
shout (to) - a striga
Past simple
we use the simple past to talk about a complete action (long or short)
for regular verbs: vb. (inf) + -ed (most verbs)
work -> worked
enjoy -> enjoyed
vb. (inf) + -d (verbs ending in -e)
hope -> hoped
vb. (inf) + -ied (verbs ending in consonant + -y)
change -y to i and add -ed
reply -> replied
for irreregular verbs: Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
be was / were been
come came come
do did done
drink drank drunk
eat ate eaten
feel felt felt
find found found
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forget forgot forgotten
get got got
give gave given
go went gone / been
have had had
hear heard heard
hold held held
put put put
speak spoke spoken
pozitiv vb. + -ed worked
negativ did not + vb.(inf) didnt work
? interogativ did (aux) + S + vb.(inf)
ex: Did you work last night?
Yes, I did. No, I didnt
Where did you work last night?
Past continuous (progressive)
we use past progressive for actions which were not complete at a past
time (longer action or situation).
pozitiv I & III pers sg was + vb.(inf) + -ing
(restul) were
ex: I was working
You were working
negativ wasnt + vb.(inf) + -ing ex: She wasnt working
werent We werent working
? interogativ was + S + vb.(inf) + -ing
were
ex: Why were you working
Was she working when you saw her?
- Yes, she was.
- No, she wasnt.
The difference when we use the past progressive and the simple past
together is that simple past action is a complete shorter action that
happened while the longer action was happening.
Ex: While I was cooking supper, Ellie phoned.
Progressive forms are used mostly for temporary actions and situations.
For longer, more permanent situations we prefer the simple past.
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