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Understanding Functions and Graphs

The document discusses key concepts about linear, quadratic, cubic and other polynomial functions and their graphs. It covers finding gradients, x-intercepts, y-intercepts and turning points of different function types. It also summarizes common transformations of functions like dilation, reflection, translation and their effects on graphs. Inverse functions and composite functions are explained. Finally, the document discusses modulus functions and how they impact graphs.

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Dâwood Mehmood
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28 views9 pages

Understanding Functions and Graphs

The document discusses key concepts about linear, quadratic, cubic and other polynomial functions and their graphs. It covers finding gradients, x-intercepts, y-intercepts and turning points of different function types. It also summarizes common transformations of functions like dilation, reflection, translation and their effects on graphs. Inverse functions and composite functions are explained. Finally, the document discusses modulus functions and how they impact graphs.

Uploaded by

Dâwood Mehmood
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Functions & Graphs

My Maths Mentor

Linear Graphs:

= +

( 1 ) = ( 1 )

( 1 )
= = = 2 ( )
2 1

To find x-int, make y=0

To find y-int, make x=0

Things to remember:

Parallel Lines: 1 = 2 1 2

Perpendicular Lines: 1 2 = 1

Distance between points: Mid-point of a line:

Page 1
Functions & Graphs
My Maths Mentor

If you are given two simultaneous equations, you may be asked to find where there are i- no,
ii-one, or iii-infinite solutions.

( ): 1 = 2 1 2

: 1 2

( !): 1 = 2 1 = 2

Page 2
Functions & Graphs
My Maths Mentor

Quadratics:

General Form: = 2 + +

y-int at (0,c), turning point is where = 2

Turning Point Form: = ( )2 +

Turning point at (h,k)

Cubics:

General Form: = 3 + 2 + +

Factor Form (x-intercept form): = ( )( )( )

Stationary Point of Inflection: = ( )3 +

Page 3
Functions & Graphs
My Maths Mentor

Larger Polynomials:

Eg: = ( )( )( )( )( )

1. Odd Degree & Positive 2. Odd Degree & Negative

3. Even Degree & Positive 4. Even Degree & Negative

Page 4
Functions & Graphs
My Maths Mentor

Name Equation Basic Shape Domain Range


Parabola

Cubic

Hyperbola

Truncus

Square
Root

Page 5
Functions & Graphs
My Maths Mentor

Name Equation Basic Shape Domain Range


Exponential

Logarithm

Sin

Cos

Tan

Page 6
Functions & Graphs
My Maths Mentor

Transformations:

a: Dilation from the x-axis

n: Dilation from the y-axis

REMEMBER! Dilated by a factor of 1

If a<0: Reflection in the x-axis

If n<0: Reflection in the y-axis

h: Horizontal Translation (translation in the x-direction)

REMEMBER! (x-h) means shift RIGHT, (x+h) means shift LEFT

k: Vertical Translation (translation in the y-direction)

Page 7
Functions & Graphs
My Maths Mentor

Inverse Function:

To find the equation of the inverse, we simply switch x and y and solve for y

REMEMBER! For a FUNTION to have an INVERSE FUNCTION, the function


must be one-to-one.

If not, we must restrict the domain of the function so that it is one-to-one

Also, f(x) and f-1(x) intersect along y=x; f-1(x) mirrors f(x) along the line y=x

Composite Functions:

Quite simply, if we are asked to find f(g(x)), wherever we see x in f(x), we replace it with
g(x)

REMEMBER! For a composite f(g(x)) function to be defined, the Range of g must


be wholly contained within the Domain of f

Also, The domain of f(g(x)) is equal to the Domain of g(x)

Page 8
Functions & Graphs
My Maths Mentor

Modulus Functions:

If we are asked to find |f(x)|, the graph is bounced off the x-axis

If we are asked to find f(|x|), the y-axis acts as a mirror; the negative x-values mirror the
positive x-values

Page 9

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