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Exam Dynamic Positioning OE5663, 2015-2016
27 June 2016, 09:00 - 12:00
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DP systems in general + Measuring systems (16)
a. What is the function of a DP system onboard of a marine structure? (5)
b. Name four advantages of DP compared to mooring a marine structure. (4)
c. Name three disadvantages of DP compared to mooring a marine structure. (3)
d. Why is it wise to combine HPR (or GPS) position measuring systems with inertial sensors as support?
(4)
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Thrusters (20)
a. Explain why, at low forward ship speed, a system consisting out of propeller and nozzle can deliver
more thrust compared to a propeller without nozzle. Support your explanation with a sketch of a nozzle
including force vectors.(4)
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b. Which of the 5 nozzles below will deliver the highest astern thrust? Explain your answer. (4)
Explain your answer below:
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c. A ship has a dual operational prole where 50% of the time it operates in DP and 50% of the time it
transits at 14 knots from one location to the other. Would you advise a nozzle? Explain your advise.(5)
d. Would your advise change if the transit speed would be 18 knots, and why? (3)
e. Give 4 factors that can inuence thruster effectivity. Explain each factor briey. Thruster effectivity
indicates the amount of thrust (output) that is produced per kW (input to the thruster). (4)
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DP control system (15)
a. Explain (in words) the principle of Lagrange allocation as used in DP control systems. (5)
b. How could the Lagrange allocation algorithm be used in order to maximize MTBF (mean time between
failures) of the thrusters? (5)
c. List the main components in a DP control system and briey describe their main function. (5)
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DP capability (24)
a. What is the relation between the DP capability plot of a vessel and its expected excursions from its
reference point, while in DP mode? Motivate your answer. (3)
b. DP capability plots of ships are almost always based on a JONSWAP wavespectrum. Give 1 positive
and 1 negative consequence of this. Motivate your anwers. (4)
c. Use the gure below to calculate the forces and moment the azimuthing thruster exerts on the ship
(i.e. Fx,azimuthing thruster, Fy,azmuthing thruster and Mz, azimuthing thruster around Centre Of Gravity
(COG)). T is the thrust force of the azimuthing thruster. Use the correct sign. (6)
Explain your answer below:
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d. Make a qualitative sketch of a possible DP capability plot of a vessel with one azimuthing thruster
at the stern (centerline) and one tunnel thruster at the bow. Make sure you give names and reasonable
values to the axes. The exact shape is not of importance (5)
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e. What other external forces and moments (besides wind, waves and current) can act on a DP vessel ?
Write down at least three possibilities. (3)
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f. Draw how such a force affects the capability in case the force is of constant value and to portside
(assume it attaches in the CoG). Use a dotted line and make use of the DP capability plot that you were
asked to draw before. (3)
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