Geometer's Paradise
Arnab Kundu
January 28, 2012
This e-book contains some problems. Very nice geometric treatises.
Problem 1 :(USAMO 2011) Let P be a given point inside quadrilateral
ABCD. Points Q1 and Q2 are located within ABCD such that \Q1BC =
\ABP, \Q1CB = \DCP, \Q2AD = \BAP, \Q2DA = \CDP. Prove that
Q1Q2 k AB if and only if Q1Q2 k CD.
Problem 2 :(USAMO 2010) Let ABC be a triangle with \A = 90_. Points
D and E lie on sides AC and AB, respectively, such that \ABD = \DBC and
\ACE = \ECB. Segments BD and CE meet at I. Determine whether or not
it is possible for segments AB;AC;BI; ID;CI; IE to all have integer lengths.
Problem 3 :(USAMO 2009) Given circles !1 and !2 intersecting at points
X and Y , let `1 be a line through the center of !1 intersecting !2 at points P
and Q and let `2 be a line through the center of !2 intersecting !1 at points R
and S. Prove that if P; Q;R and S lie on a circle then the center of this circle
lies on line XY .
Problem 4 :(USAMO 2008) Let ABC be an acute, [scalene] triangle, and
let M, N, and P be the midpoints of BC, CA, and AB, respectively. Let the
perpendicular bisectors of AB and AC intersect ray AM in points D and E
respectively, and let lines BD and CE intersect in point F, inside of triangle
ABC. Prove that points A, N, F, and P all lie on one circle.
Problem 5 :(USAMO 2007) Let ABC be an acute triangle with !, , and
R being its incircle, circumcircle, and circumradius, respectively. Circle !A is
tangent internally to at A and tangent externally to !. Circle A is tangent
internally to at A and tangent internally to !. Let PA and QA denote the
centers of !A and A, respectively. De_ne points PB, QB, PC, QC analogously.
Prove that
8PAQA _ PBQB _ PCQC _ R3;
with equality if and only if triangle ABC is equilateral.
Problem 6 :(USAMO 2006) Let ABCD be a quadrilateral, and let E and F
be points on sides AD and BC, respectively, such that AE=ED = BF=FC. Ray
1
FE meets rays BA and CD at S and T respectively. Prove that the circumcircles
of triangles SAE, SBF, TCF, and TDE pass through a common point.
Problem 7 :(USAMO 2005) Let ABC be an acute-angled triangle, and let
P and Q be two points on side BC. Construct point C1 in such a way that
convex quadrilateral APBC1 is cyclic, QC1 k CA, and C1 and Q lie on opposite
sides of line AB. Construct point B1 in such a way that convex quadrilateral
APCB1 is cyclic, QB1 k BA, and B1 and Q lie on opposite sides of line AC.
Prove that points B1;C1; P, and Q lie on a circle.
Problem 8 :(USAMO 2004) Let ABCD be a quadrilateral circumscribed
about a circle, whose interior and exterior angles are at least 60 _. Prove that
1
3
jAB3 AD3j _ jBC3 CD3j _ 3jAB3 AD3j
When does equality hold ?
Problem 9 :(USAMO 2003) Let ABC be a triangle. A circle passing through
A and B intersects segments AC and BC at D and E, respectively. Lines AB
and DE intersect at F, while lines BD and CF intersect at M. Prove that
MF = MC if and only if MB _MD = MC2.
Problem 10 :(USAMO 2002) Let ABC be a triangle such that
_
cot
A
2
_2
+
_
2 cot
B
2
_2
+
_
3 cot
C
2
_2
=
_
6s
7r
_2
where s and r denote its semiperimeter and inradius respectively. Prove
that triangle ABC is similar to a triangle T whose side lengths are all positive
integers with no common divisor and determine those integers.
Problem 11 :(USAMO 2001) Let ABC be a triangle and let be its in-
circle. Denote by D1 and E1 the points where is tangent to sides BC and AC,
respectively. Denote by D2 and E2 the points on sides BC and AC, respectively,
such that CD2 = BD1 and CE2 = AE1, and denote by P the point of intersec-
tion of segments AD2 and BE2. Circle intersects segment AD2 at two points,
the closer of which to the vertex A is denoted by Q. Prove that AQ = D2P.
_Problem 12 :(IMOSL 2010) Three circular arcs 1; 2; and 3 connect the
points A and C: These arcs lie in the same half-plane de_ned by line AC in such
a way that arc 2 lies between the arcs 1 and 3: Point B lies on the segment
AC: Let h1; h2, and h3 be three rays starting at B; lying in the same half-plane,
h2 being between h1 and h3: For i; j = 1; 2; 3; denote by Vij the point of inter-
section of hi and j (see the Figure below). Denote by\VijVkj\VklVil the curved
quadrilateral, whose sides are the segments VijVil; VkjVkl and arcs VijVkj and
VilVkl: We say that this quadrilateral is circumscribed if there exists a circle
touching these two segments and two arcs. Prove that if the curved quadri-
2
laterals \V11V21\V22V12;\V12V22\V23V13;\V21V31\V32V22 are circumscribed, then the
curved quadrilateral \V22V32\V33V23 is circumscribed, too.
Problem 13 :(IMOSL 2010) The vertices X; Y;Z of an equilateral triangle
XY Z lie respectively on the sides BC;CA;AB of an acute-angled triangle ABC:
Prove that the incenter of triangle ABC lies inside triangle XY Z:
Problem 14 :(IMOSL 2010) Let ABC be an acute triangle with D;E; F the
feet of the altitudes lying on BC;CA;AB respectively. One of the intersection
points of the line EF and the circumcircle is P: The lines BP and DF meet at
point Q: Prove that AP = AQ:
Problem 15 :(IMOSL 2009) Let ABC be a triangle with AB = AC . The
angle bisectors of \CAB and \ABC meet the sides BC and CA at D and E ,
respectively. Let K be the incentre of triangle ADC. Suppose that \BEK = 45_
. Find all possible values of \CAB .
Problem 16 :(IMOSL 2009) Let ABC be a triangle with circumcentre O.
The points P and Q are interior points of the sides CA and AB respectively. Let
K;L and M be the midpoints of the segments BP;CQ and PQ. respectively,
and let be the circle passing through K;L and M. Suppose that the line PQ
is tangent to the circle . Prove that OP = OQ.
Problem 17 :(IMOSL 2009) Let ABCD be a circumscribed quadrilateral.
Let be a line through A which meets the segment BC in M and the line CD
in N. Denote by I1, I2 and I3 the incenters of 4ABM, 4MNC and 4NDA,
respectively. Prove that the orthocenter of 4I1I2I3 lies on .
Problem 18 :(IMOSL 2008) Let ABCD be a convex quadrilateral and let
P and Q be points in ABCD such that PQDA and QPBC are cyclic quadri-
laterals. Suppose that there exists a point E on the line segment PQ such that
\PAE = \QDE and \PBE = \QCE. Show that the quadrilateral ABCD is
cyclic.
Problem 19 :(IMOSL 2008) There is given a convex quadrilateral ABCD.
Prove that there exists a point P inside the quadrilateral such that : \PAB +
\PDC = \PBC +\PAD = \PCD+\PBA = \PDA+\PCB = 90_ if and
only if the diagonals AC and BD are perpendicular.
Problem 20 :(IMOSL 2008) Let H be the orthocenter of an acute-angled
triangle ABC. The circle A centered at the midpoint of BC and passing
through H intersects the sideline BC at points A1 and A2. Similarly, de_ne
the points B1, B2, C1 and C2.
Prove that six points A1 , A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2 are concyclic.
3