SEGI UNIVERSITY KOTA
DAMANSARA
[Link] (HONS) CIVIL ENGINEERING
MECHANICS OF MATERIAL ECV 3143
TENSILE TESTING
LAB 01
S.N NAME STUDENT ID
O
1 AHMED MAHMOUD SALAMA SUKD1504363
ELQAZAZ
Submission of Report : 25/4/2017
Submitted To : Mr. Ir Pan
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Abstract ...............................................................
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2. Objective ...............................................................
3. Apparatus ...........................................................
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4. Introduction ................................................ 4
5. Procedure ............................................................ 5
6. Result & Calculation .........................................6
7. Discussion
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8. Conclusion
...........................................................10
9. Reference . 10
ABSTRACT
Tensile tests are fundamental for understanding properties of different materials. to
accomplished this by first placing our specimens it is (mild steel and aluminium) in
testing machine and how they will behave under load We determined the elastic
modulus, tensile strength, modulus of toughness, elongation, reduction of area, by
doing a tensile test.
. each material were tested mild steel and aluminum materials with Using tensile
properties unilateral axis to predict the behavior of materials that developed under the
influence of loads is uniaxial and then do tests to provide more complex tensile
strength, modulus of elasticity. Other properties included it is true fracture strength,
percent reduction of area, and percent elongation. These material properties were used
for comparing the materials to each other, and to define the material as brittle or not
usable
Objective
The objective of this experiment to determine the stress, strain and Young Modulus
(Elastic Modulus) and the behavior of the materials (mild steel and aluminium) bar
when subjected to uniaxial loading and To derive the modulus of elasticity, for mild
steel, aluminium
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Apparatus
1-specimen (Aluminum and mild steel)
[Link] test machine
3-Measurement apparatus such as ruler, caliper, divider
INTRODUCTION
Tensile testing is one of the simplest and most widely used engineering [Link]
properties can be used for design and analysis of engineering structures, and for
develop to give us the better form
Tensile testing is a way of determining how to react a thing when it is pulled apart.
when a force is applied to it in tension.
Tensile testing is one of the most fundamental tests for engineering, and provides
valuable information about a material and its associated properties. By measuring the
force required to elongate a specimen to breaking point, material properties can be
determined that will allow designers and quality managers to predict how materials
and products will behave in their intended applications.
Tensile testing provides data on the integrity and safety of materials, components and
products, helping manufacturers ensure that their finished products are fit-for-used
and to the highest quality required
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Procedure of finding the yield Stress ,Tensile stress
1) The length and diameter of mild steel and aluminium rod was measured by ruler
and a Vanier caliper and calculated the average of the distances.
Length was 12.6 mm and diameter was 0.2 mm and mild steel was length 12.6 mm
and diameter was 0.2mm
2) Two points were marked on the rod and measured the distance between them. Then
the rod was put in the machine and were resting between the points.
3) Then the device is set to zero. And a table was prepared and record the readings.
4) The machine power was ON. And the load cell and dial gauge reading was set in
ZERO
5) The readings were keeping recorded and until the specimen broken and the
machine was switch OFF
6) We removed the sample from the device and then measured the length of the
diameter after the fracture
7) It was shown after broken aluminum Length was 12.8 mm and diameter was 0.1
mm and mild steel was length 12.9 mm and diameter was 0.1mm
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RESULTS:
Mild steel
BEFORE THE TEST:
Before test:
Original length =126mm
Original diameter=2mm
Cross sectional area = A=(d^2)/4 = ((2^2))/4 =
3.1415mm^2
FTER THE TEST:
Final length = original length + final elongation =126 +
3.34=129.34 mm
Final diameter = measured by Vanier caliper = 1 mm
Cross sectional area = = = 0.7853.
Mild
force (N) Length Stress (N/mm2 ) Strain *10-2 steel
(mm)
0 0 0 0
100 0.06 31.831 0.476
899 0.25 286.161 1.984
2310 0.47 735.296 3.730
3598 0.6 1145.279 4.762
5491 0.73 1747.840 5.794
6900 0.89 2196.338 7.063
9300 1.15 2960.282 9.127
11098 1.34 3532.603 10.635
13000 1.97 4138.029 15.635
13342 2.48 4246.891 19.683
11889 3.3 3784.386 26.190
11564 BREAK 3680.936 BREAK
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stress and strain curve for Mild steel
5000
4000
3000
stress 2000
1000
0
0 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03
Strain
Result :
Aluminum
BEFORE THE TEST:
Original length =126mm
Original diameter= 2mm
Cross sectional area = 3.1415.
AFTER THE TEST:
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Final length = original length + final elongation =126 +
2.71=128.71 mm
Final diameter = measured by Vanier caliper = 1 mm
Cross sectional area = 0.7853.
stress and strain curve for Aluminum
2500
2000
1500
stress 1000
500
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
strain
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force (N) Length (mm) Stress (N/mm2 ) Strain *10-2
0 0 0 0
100 0.10 3.185 0.794
800 0.45 25.478 3.571
1100 0.54 35.032 4.286
2000 0.74 63.694 5.873
2800 0.88 89.172 6.984
5500 1.28 175.159 10.159
6400 2.34 203.822 18.571
6599 2.06 210.159 16.349
6400 2.34 203.822 18.571
5850 2.64 186.306 20.952
5619 2.71 178.949 21.508
5587 break 177.930 break
CALCULATIONS:
Stress = force / area (N/)
Strain = stress /young modules
Mild STEEL:
Slope = 685.0952 N/
Young's modulus = slope of l linear part at the graph =
685.0952 N/
Tensile strength = maximum load/original area = 13342/
3.1415= 4246.9 N/
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Percentage reduction in area = 100 %
= 100 =75.002 %
Percentage of elongation = 100 % .
= 100 = 2. 65 %
Aluminium:
Slope = = = 685.0952 N/
Young's modulus = slope of l linear part at the graph =
685.0952 N/
Tensile strength = maximum load/original area = 6599/ 3.1415=
2100.58 N/
Percentage reduction in area = 100 %
= 100 =75.002 %
Percentage of elongation = 100 % .
= 100 = 2. 15 %
Discussion :
Some of the problems we face in the experience and ways of improving [Link] get a
more accurate result and to improve the experiment also best drawing . The Calculate
the diameter and the lengths must be read without the zero error. The reading should
be taken few times and the average must calculated and take the [Link] video
quality should be very high to be able to get the exact Results . For this main reason
the results are inaccurate .
Conclusion:
The yield strength ,tensile strength, Elastic Modulus, and behavior of a given material
when subjected to uniaxial loading is obtained . It's obvious in this experiment is that
mild steel has a much higher tensile strength than aluminum, so it is recommended to
use mild steel in building materials and construction work is much better than
aluminum . By studying the reactions of various material specimens under uniaxial
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tension .The primary objective to this lab was to explore the derivations of empirical
formulas that are widely used in materials engineering
In the end, this lab helped us as engineers to discover how certain mechanical
properties existed
References:
abstract and Introduction Available at :
[Link]
[Link]
Apparatus Available at :
[Link]
Resultand Calculation Available at :
[Link]
Conclusion Available at :
[Link]
Apparatus:
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