IELTS Listening:

The IELTS Listening Test is the same for the Academic and
General Training modules. You listen to language spoken in a
social or academic context and answer a series of questions.
The tape is played only once so you have to practice
sufficiently beforehand to pick up whats being said the first
time around.

The listening test is divided into four sections with 10 questions

in each part (a total of 40 questions). This module lasts about
30 minutes. You get an extra 10 minutes at the end to transfer
your answers to the answer sheet.

IELTS LISTENING - QUESTION TYPES:

The listening test measures how well you can listen for main
ideas, specific information, supporting information, facts and
opinions. You will find a variety of question types:

multiple choice
short answer
sentence completion
notes/diagram/flow chart completion
matching
classification

The variety of question types means that you sometimes need

to write in the answer in your own writing, versus simply
choosing the right answer. This is important because in such
cases, you also need to spell correctly or the answer will
be marked wrong. Even a small error can cause you to lose
marks. For example, if the answer is "hat"; and you write
"hats", it may be marked wrong.
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You also have to make sure you include the correct information.
If the answer is "Green hats" and you write only "hats", you
may also lose points.

You will get a better sense of how precise you need to be by

doing as many practice listening exams as possible before your
actual test. Believe it or not, you will improve with practice,
though it might seem impossible at first. Your ear and your
concentration can be trained. Over time, you will improve but
only if you remain patient and move steadily towards your goal
of the highest score possible.
SPEECH STYLES:

Each of the four sections of the IELTS Listening Test focuses on

a different type of speech, as shown below:

Section 1 A social or transactional dialogue 2 speakers

Section 2 A topic or short speech on a general topic 1
speaker
Section 3 A conversation in an academic context 2-4
speakers
Section 4 An academic lecture 1 speaker

IELTS Tips Listening:

The accents of the speakers on the tape are

primarily British. This means you must become
accustomed to understanding the nuances of such accents. If
you have been watching a lot of American television, (shows
such as Friends, for example) it will not really help you.
British accents are quite different and it is better to spend
time in the months before the test listening to British radio
stations and podcasts or watching the BBC, British shows,
and movies. This is one of the major differences between
the IELTS exam and the TOEFL, which features more
American accents.

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 Get used to the way letters and numbers are
pronounced in British (and American)
English. Sometimes, in the listening section, you are asked
to write down the spelling of a name, place, or address. If you
make a mistake in the spelling while writing it down, you will
get the answer wrong.

The expressions used also tend to be taken from

British rather than American English. This means you
may hear unfamiliar idioms, which can confuse you. Speakers
may also use British words for common items such as "flat"
for "apartment", "lorry" for "truck", or "advert" for
advertisement. Make sure you study the most common
differences in British and American vocabulary and listen to
as many IELTS exercises as possible before your exam to
prepare you for the actual test experience.

Learn to distinguish opinion from fact. In the third

and fourth listening passages, you will probably be tested on
what one of the speakers thinks or what his / her view is. This
may or may not be stated outright, but as an underlying
theme in the whole conversation or in the tone of the
speakers voice, rather than the words themselves.

Don't worry if your classmates or friends get higher

listening scores than you. Each one has his or her
strengths and weaknesses, just like you. Each one also has
his or her own language goals. Just focus on your own needs
and don't compare yourself to others.

Follow instructions very carefully. If the instructions

state, "Write no more than three words ", then you must not
write more or you will receive no marks for your answer, even
if some of the words you wrote were part of the correct
answer. Similarly, read each instruction carefully. Sometimes,
you are asked to circle two answers, sometimes three, and so
on. You must read the instruction each time as it may differ
from the previous ones. Remember, the ability to follow
instructions in English is a test in itself.

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 The questions follow the oral text. Remember this - it
will make it easier for you to focus on the current question, or
to know when you've been left behind, in case the speakers
have gone on to providing the answer to the following quest

Familiarize yourself with charts, graphs, flow-charts,

bar charts and pie charts, etc. These often appear as part
of the answer choices in the fourth section. The more
comfortable you are with interpreting the data represented in
them, the easier your exam will be.

IELTS READING TASKS:

There are 10-11 types of questions on both the Academic or

General Reading Module:

Multiple choice
Multiple matching
Short-answer
Sentence completion
Tables, diagrams, flow charts
Summary completion
Paragraph headings
Locating information
Identifying writer's views or claims
Classification
Matching

You need to work through a number of practice tests in order to

identify exactly what you need to do and to understand how to
correctly answer each type of question. After doing a few tests,
analyze your answers. Doing so will help you recognize which
types of questions are easier for you and which types cause
more difficulty. Consult your teachers or specialized IELTS
guidebooks to learn strategies to help you with ones that are
more challenging.

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IELTS READING - TIME:

Remember that you have three reading passages and forty

questions to answer in only one hour. Also, the three passages
become increasingly more difficult. Divide your time into three
20 minute segments, or as suggested below:

17 minutes on section 1
20 minutes on section 2
23 minutes on section 3

If you're having difficulty with a particular question, mark it for

your attention, move on to the next question and come back
later. If you finish early, use the time to review.

IELTS READING SKILLS:

To do well in the IELTS reading test, you need global as well as

macro reading skills. This means you should to be able to do
the following:

Grasp the big picture as well as the minor points.

distinguish facts from opinions and attitudes
identify the overall purpose of the passage
follow the main arguments in a written text
locate specific details and relevant information
summarize the key points
represent written information in graphic form
infer meaning
use accurate spelling and correct grammar

Specifically, three key reading skills will help you do the above
most effectively:

Skimming
Scanning
Reading for detail

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The first two strategies, skimming and scanning, involve
reading very quickly, but each strategy has a different purpose.
Skimming means reading quickly to get the main idea of a text.
Scanning means reading quickly to look for a specific piece of
info or specific words. The third approach, reading for detail
means reading every word in order to really understand the
message of the text.

On the IELTS, you will need to use all three techniques at

different stages. For example, you may start by skimming
through the entire text to get a general idea of the passage.
Next, you may look at the questions to see what kind of
information is required. Then, you may scan the text for a
specific piece of information or read a particular section in
greater detail to discover the information you need to answer
the question correctly.

If you are weak in these areas or read slowly, there are a

number of excellent general ESL and specific IELTS books which
can help you strengthen your reading techniques, so you can
complete the test correctly and successfully within the one hour
time limit.

IELTS WRITING TASK

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 TASK 1
TASK 2

ACADEMIC: GRAPH REPRESENTATION

ACADEMIC+GENERAL:

ESSAY

20 MINS (150-170 words) 40 MINS (250-

270 words)

GENERAL WRITING: LETTER

20 MINS (150-170 words)

IELTS ACADEMIC TASK 1

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GRAPH REPRESENTATION:

1. LINE GRAPH

2. Bar Graph

3. PIE CHART

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 4. TABLE CHART

5. FLOW CHART

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 6. DIAGRAM/ MAP

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IELTS WRITING TASK1 FOR ACADEMIC:

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The general format for writing academic writing task 1
is as following:
Introduction + Basic/ General Trends + Details Description +
Conclusion.

Each part has a specific format and therefore being equipped

with the necessary vocabulary will help you to write the task 1
efficiently and will save a great deal of time.

Vocabulary for the Introduction Part:

Starting Presentation Verb Description

Type

The given / the diagram / table / shows / the comparison of

supplied / the figure / represents / the differences .
presented / the illustration / depicts / the number of .
shown / the graph / chart / illustrates / information on .

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 provided flow chart / presents/ gives / data on .
picture/ provides / the proportion of.
presentation/ describes / the amount of .
pie chart / bar compares/ information on....
graph/ line shows contrast / data about...
graph / table indicates /
data/ data / figures / gives
information / data on / gives
pictorial/ information on/
process presents
diagram/ map/ information
pie chart and about/ shows
table/ bar graph data about/
and pie chart ... demonstrate/
outlines/
summaries...

Example:
1. The provided diagram shows data on employment
categories in energy producing sectors in Europe starting from
1925 and till 1985.
2. The given pie charts represent the proportion of male and
female employee in 6 broad categories, divided into manual
and non-manual occupations in Fredonia.
3. The chart gives information on expenditures of 4 European
countries on six consumer products namely Germany, Italy,
Britain and France.
4. The supplied bar graph compares the number of male and
female graduated in three developing countries while the
table data presents the overall literacy rate in these
countries.
5. The bar graph and the table data depicts the water use in
different sectors in five regions.

Tips:

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1. For a single graph uses after the verb, like - gives data on,
shows/ presents etc. However, if there are multiple graphs, DO
NOT uses after the verb.

2. If there are multiple graphs and each one presents different

type of data, use can write which graph presents what type of
data and use 'while' to show a connection. For example -'The
given bar graph shows the amount spent on fast food items in
2009 in the UK while the pie chart presents a comparison of
people's ages who spent more on fast food.

3. Your introduction should be quite impressive as it makes the

first impression to the examiner. It either makes or breaks your
overall score.

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 Trends Verb form Noun Form

Increase rise / increase / go up / a rise / an increase

uplift / rocket(ed) / /
climb / upsurge / soar.
V an upward trend /
o a growth
c
a
b Decrease fall / decrease / a fall / a decrease /
u decline / plummet / a reduction / a l
a plunge / drop / reduce downward
r trends /a
y downward
tendency / a
decline/ a drop

Steadines unchanged / level out / a steadiness/ a

s remain constant / plateau / a
remain steady / plateau stability/ a static
/ remain the same /
remain stable / remain
static

Gradual an upward trend /

Increase ------------ an upward
tendency / a
ceiling trend

Gradual a downward
decrease ------------ trend / a
downward
tendency / a
descending trend

Stand Level(ed) off /

ability remain(ed) constant / --------------
remain(ed)
unchanged /
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prevail(ed)
consistency / plateaued
/ reach(ed) a plateau /
 to show the changes:

Examples:

1. The overall sale of the company has increased by 20% at

the end of the year.

2. The expenditure of the office remained constant for the

last 6 months but the profit rose by almost 25%.

3. There was a 15% drop in the student enrollment of the

University.

4. The population of the country remained almost the same

as it was 2 years ago.

5. The population of these two cities increases significantly in

the last two decades and it is predicted that it will remain
stable in the next 5 years.

Tips: Use 'improves' /and improvement' to describe a

situation like economic condition or employment status. To
denote numbers use other verbs/nouns like increase.

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 Vocabulary to represent changes in graphs:

Type of Adverb Adjective form

Change form

Rapid dramatically / rapidly dramatic / rapid / sharp /

change / sharply / quickly / quick / hurried / speedy /
hurriedly / speedily / swift
swiftly

Moderate moderately / moderate / gradual /

change gradually / progressive / sequential
progressively /
sequentially

Slight slightly / slowly / slight / slow / mild / tedious

change mildly / tediously

Example:
1. The economic inflation of the country increased sharply by
20% in 2008.
2. There was a sharp drop in the industrial production in the
year 2009.
3. The demand for new houses dramatically increased in
2002.
4. The population of the country dramatically increased in
the last decade.
5. The price of the oil moderately increased in last quarter
but as a consequence the price of
Daily necessity rapidly went up.

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 Vocabulary to represent frequent changes in
graphs:

Type of Verb form Noun form

Change

Rapid ups wave / fluctuate / waves / fluctuations /

and downs oscillate / vacillate / oscillations /
palpitate vacillations /
palpitations

Example:
1. The price of the raw materials fluctuated for the first three
months.
2. The graph shows the oscillations of the price of fuel from
1998 to 2002.
3. The passenger number in this station oscillates throughout
the day but early morning and evening
are the two busiest time.
4. The change of car production in Japan shows a palpitation
for the second quarter of the year.
5. The number of students in debate clubs fluctuated in
different months as a rapid ups and downs could be observed
in the last three months.

Vocabulary to represent highest and lowest point in

graphs:
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 Type Verb Noun

Highest peak / culminated / climax / reach a a peak / hit a

Point peak / hit a peak / touch the highest vertex / get
point / reach the vertex a vertex /
get the
highest point

Lowest touched the lowest point / get the the lowest

Point lowest point / point /the
lowest mar

Example:

1. The price of the oil reached a peak amounting $20 in

February and again touched the lowest point amounting only
$10 in July.

2. Student enrollment in foreign Universities and Colleges

increased dramatically hitting a peak of over 20 thousand in
2004.

3. The highest number of books was sold in July while it was

lowest in December.

4. The oil price reached a pick in 2003 while it was lowest in

2006.

5. The sell volume of the DVD hit a pick with 2 million copies
sold in a month but after just three months it reached the
bottom with only 20 thousand sold in a month.

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 Vocabulary to represent comparison in graphs:

Type Word(s) should be used

Similar about / almost / nearly / roughly /

approximately / around / just about / very
nearly /

Just over just above / just over / just bigger / just

beyond / just across

Just just below / just beneath / just sort / just under

short / just a little

Much well above / well above / well beyond / well

more across / well over

Much well below / well under / well short / well

less beneath

Example:
1. The number of high-level women executives is well
beneath than the number of male executives in this
organization where approximately 2000 people works in
executive levels.

2. About 1000 people died in the highway car accident in

2003 which is well above than the statistics of all other years.

3. The number of domestic-violence cases was just below

500 in March which is just a little over than the previous
months.

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4. The average rainfall in London in 2014 was just above
than the average of other two cities.

5. The salaries of male executives in thee out of four

companies were well above than the salaries of female
executives in 1998.

Compare and contrast

One syllable
Adjectives with one syllable form their comparatives and
superlatives form. In your academic writing task 1, you will
often use such comparison and contrast related words.
cheap cheaper cheapest || large larger largest
|| bright brighter brightest etc.

Exceptions:
good better best || bad worse worst etc.

Examples:
1. The fast food items in uptown restaurants were
comparatively cheaper than that of city restaurants.
2. The largest proportion of water was used in agriculture
sector in most of the Asian countries while the European
countries used largest percentage of water for industrial
purposes.
3. The price of the book in store A is cheaper than the price of
store B.
4. The temperature decreased further and that made the
weather condition worse.
5. The temperature was better in the mid-April but in mid-July it
became worse.

Two syllables:
Some adjectives with two syllables form their comparatives and

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superlatives:
pretty prettier prettiest ||
happy happier happiest etc.

Examples:
1. The customer were happier than now, according to the
survey, as the price was cheaper in 1992.
2. The overall production level of this company made the
authority happier as it was doubled in the last quarter of the
year.
But many form their comparatives and superlatives using
'more':
striking more striking most striking ||
common more common most
common || clever more clever/cleverer most
clever/cleverest etc.

Three or more syllables:

All adjectives with three or more syllables form their
comparatives and superlatives using 'more' & 'most':
attractive more attractive most attractive ||
profitable more profitable most profitable ||
expensive more expensive most expensive.

Examples:
1. The price of the custom made cars were more expensive in
2014 than it is now.
2. The factory offered more attractive overtime rates and that
motivated more employees to work for extra time.

Using Appropriate Prepositions:

You must use the correct preposition in the IELTS writing task 1

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to get a high score. Be accurate about the uses of to, by, of, off,
in, on, for etc.

Examples:
Papers are sold by the ream.
Oranges are purchased and sold by the dozen.
Students enrollment in the University has increased by 2%
this year.
Eggs are counted in dozens.
Rice is measured in kg.
He is junior to me by 4 years.
The employees are paid per week in this factory.
All these products are made of glasses.

Words to make a comparison / contrast:

A bit / slightly / a little / only just / approximately / about /

almost / precisely / quite / nearly / considerably / a huge / a
great deal / quite a lot / completely / exactly...

Example:
This year population growth of the country is slightly larger
than the previous year.
This year population grown is almost twice than 2007.
Sale of the company has increased quite a lot this year.

Vocabulary to write the Conclusion part:

To draw the conclusion: In conclusion / to conclude / on the

whole.
To Summarize: In short / In brief / to sum up / in summary.

Examples:-

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1. In conclusion, third world countries have improved their
production sectors like: garments, over the last 10 years
whereas the first world countries have improved their
technology and research sectors during the same period.

2. In brief, the overall sale of the company has improved in the

last 5 years except 2005 when the sale reduced significantly
due to retrenchment.

3. In summary, the process of building an IC is a complex one

and involves more than eight steps to complete including the
testing phase.

4. On the whole, the women employment progressed

remarkably in the last decade and in some employment sectors
women are well ahead of men.

5. To conclude, weather forecasting is a complex process and a

great deal of technology is used to prepare and broadcast the
reliable weather fore casting.

Increase:

A growth: There was a growth in the earning of the people of

the city at the end of the year.

An increase: Between the noon and evening, there was an

increase of the temperature of the coast area and this was
probably because of the availability of the sunlight at that time.

A rise: A rise of the listener in the morning can be observed

from the bar graph.

An improvement: The data presents that there was an

improvement of the traffic condition between 11:00 am till 3:00
pm.

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A progress: There was a progress in the law and order of the
city during the end of the last year.
Rapid Increase:

A surge: From the presented information, it is clear that there

was surge on the number of voter in 1990 compared to the
data given for the previous years.
A rapid increase/ a rapid growth/ a rapid
improvement: There was a rapid growth in the stock value of
the company ABC during the December of the last year.

Rapid, Sudden, Steady, Noticeable, Mentionable, Tremendous,

huge, enormous, massive, vast, gigantic, monumental,
incredible, fabulous, great etc.

(The above list is the words which are actually adjective and
can be used before nouns to show the big changes)

Highest:

A/ The pick: The number of visitors reached to the pick in

2008 and it exceeded 2 million.
Top/ highest/ maximum: The oil prices reached to the top/
highest in 1981 during the war.

N.B: Some of the words to present the highest/ top of

something are given bellow:

Apex, pyramid, zenith, acme, obelisk, climax, needle, spire,

vertex, summit, tower, most, greatest, max, tops, peak, height,
crown...

Changes:

A fluctuation: There was a fluctuation of the passenger

numbers who used the railway transportation during the year
2003 to 2004.
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A variation: A variation on the shopping habit of teenagers
can be observed from the data.

A disparately/ dissimilarity/ an inconsistency: The

medicine tested among the rabbits shows an inconsistency of
the effect it had.

Steadiness:

Stability: The data from the line graph show a stability of the
price in the retail market from January till June for the given
year.
A plateau: As is presented in the line graph, there was a
plateau of the oil price from 1985 to 1990.

Decrease:

A fall: There was a fall of the price of the energy bulbs in 2010
which was less than $5.
A decline: A decline occurred after June and the production
reached to 200/day for the next three months.
A decrease: After the initial four years, the companys share
price increased and there was a decrease of the loss it was
bearing.

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 IELTS WRITING
GENERALTASK 1
IELTS Letter Writing Task1 for General:

FORMAL LETTER
INFORMAL LETTER

TIMING 20 MINS (150-170) WORDS

IELTS Letter Writing - Useful Words & Expressions

To complete your IELTS letter writing task within 20 minutes, it

is helpful to know some common phrases and set expressions.
Being able to use these will allow you to express your ideas
quickly and effectively, without thinking about each and every
word. While you're learning their meaning, also make sure you
can spell them perfectly. Finally, try the quiz at the bottom of
the page to see how well you know these important
expressions.

Apologizing
I'm sorry about...
I am sorry that...
I'm very sorry about...
I'm very sorry for...
Please forgive me for...
I'd like to apologize for...
Please accept my apologies.
Please accept my sincere apologies. (Very formal)

Asking for Help

I'd be grateful if you could...
I would be grateful if you could...
I would appreciate it if you could...
Could you please...
I was wondering of you could help me. (Informal)
I would like to know...

Asking for Information

I am writing to enquire about...
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I am writing to find out about...
What I am looking for is...
I would like to know about/if...
Closing
I look forward to seeing you.
I look forward to hearing from you.
I look forward to meeting you.

Complaining / expressing dissatisfaction

I'm writing to express my dissatisfaction with...
I'm writing to express my annoyance with...
I am not happy about...
...was very disappointing.

Conveying regards
Please give my best regards to your family.
Please pass on my best wishes to your wife and children.
Please give my regards to your parents.

Expressing satisfaction
I was delighted to hear that...
I was very happy to learn that...
I was thrilled to find out that...
I was glad to hear that...
...was very enjoyable.

Expressing concern / sympathy

I was sorry to hear about... (Your accident/ illness)
I am writing to express my concern about...

Giving bad news

I regret to inform you that...(semi-formal)
I am sorry to tell you that...(informal)
I regret to advise you that...(formal)
I am afraid I have some bad news.(informal)

Giving good news

I am pleased to inform you that...(semi-formal)
I am delighted to tell you that...(informal)
I am happy to advise you that...(formal)
I thought you might like to know that...

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 Giving reasons
This is because...
This is because of...
This is due to... (Formal)
This is as a result of... (Formal)
This is owing to... (Formal)

Making suggestions
would it be a good idea to...
Perhaps it would be a good idea to...

Thanking
Thanks.
Thank you.
Thank you very much.
Thank you kindly.
I can't thank you enough.
No words can express my gratitude.
I am extremely grateful for...
I very much appreciate your ______

IELTS WRITING TASK2

ESSAY REPRESENTATION:

The general format for writing academic writing task 2/ IELTS

Essay is as follows:

Introduction + your opinion/ your thinking/ your point of

view/ whether you agree or disagree/ main advantages or
disadvantages +
2nd paragraph with example, explanation, evidence and
extra details +
3rd paragraph with example, explanation, evidence and
extra details +
4th paragraph with example, explanation, evidence and
extra details +

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 Conclusion + restating the main point of your discussion/
your position on the issue.

Vocabulary for the Introduction Part:

In the introduction part of your IETLS essay you should
write sentences relevant to the topic given and generally
accepted ideas about it. Use your best English here as it
will attract or bore your reader about the whole writing.
You will make or break your impression in this paragraph.
Be very cautious about the introduction part. Never just
copy the sentence of the question. If you really need to,
use synonyms and different sentence structure.

Examples:
1) Mobile phone and Internet are two great innovation of
science for communication and had been facilitating
people for a long time. These two technologies are
widely used in almost all the countries of the world and
had become parts of our daily lives. We can't deny the
usefulness of these technologies as they had made our
life easier than it was ever before. In my opinion the
advantages of these two devices far outweigh the
demerits they have.
2) Every human being with an ambition of getting higher
knowledge requires attending colleges or universities.
The main reason of attending universities or colleges
may differ man to man. Someone may aspire to achieve
greater knowledge, someone may just want to earn a
certificate or someone might attribute it as a step
towards career development.
3) Compared with people in the past, we concern far less
on the preparation of food today, thanks to the
development of agriculture and scientific technology. A
fair amount of beneficial influence is occurring to us
consequently.

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 Vocabulary for the opinion Part:
According to the essay types (Learn what are the IELTS essay
types) use one of the following connective words/ linking
phrases to write down your opinion However remember that
if the question does not ask you to give your opinion but to
compare advantages and disadvantages, then you should
not strongly express your opinion. Opinion should only be
written for opinion essays.
In my opinion......
I strongly opine that........
I strongly agree with the idea that.......
I strongly disagree with the given topic....
I think.....
My opinion is that.....
In my view.....
I believe.....
Apparently.....
Personally speaking.....
According to me.....
From my point of view.....
From my perspective.....
I realize.....
To my way of thinking.....
It seems to me that.....
To me.....
It appears that.....
I feel that.....
I understand.....
I suppose.....

Examples:

1) But in my opinion, giving the access of mobile phone

& internet to each and every unemployed person is a
matter of great dispute. I believe, this idea can help the
countries who have sufficient funds for the whole fiscal
year and already adopted technologies like internet for

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a very long period. But this might turn out as a
complete loss for an undeveloped country.

2) I believe, parents are always teaching us in many

ways intentionally and unintentionally; however vocal
guidelines and acting in daily bases activities are the
ways of the life experience knowledge transfer
regardless different culture, language, facilities or
economy level of the family.

3) I strongly agree with the idea that the gender issue is

only a determinant in the battle of the sexes, not the
battles among nations and peoples. It is therefore
impertinent, if not irrational, to conclude that world
conflicts result from the rule of a particular gender and
the finer sex would do a better job at prevailing peace if
selectively put at the helm of human nations.

Vocabulary for the 2nd paragraph Part:

It is true that.....
First.....
First of all.....
Firstly.....
Initially.....
To begin with.....
To start with.....
In the first place.....
Though it is true that.....
Some people believe that.....
Many people think that.....
According to many.....
Some people believe that.....
Many support the view that.....
On the one hand.....

Examples:
1) It is true that, an unemployed persons having a

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mobile phone with internet connection can get more
access to the local and foreign job sectors and can use
these technologies to get a job or become self-
employed.

2) First of all, the maximum numbers of cars are owned

by the rich people and fuel price would not restrain
them from using the cars. The price of fuel in fact
increased significantly over the past 12 years and that
has done nothing to reduce the car usages.

3) To begin, houses that are being constructed by those

in the lower income groups do look at the most cost
effective option. In the process they invariably explore
cheaper options that include a compromise on material
and construction quality.

Vocabulary for the 3rd, 4th ...... paragraph Part:

Second(ly).....
Third(ly).....
Then.....
Next.....
After that.....
And.....
Again.....
Also.....
Besides.....
Likewise.....
In addition.....
Consequently.....
Whats more.....
Furthermore.....

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Moreover.....
Other people think that.....
Other people believe that.....
On the other hand.....
Apart from that.....
Finally.....

Examples:
1) Besides, unemployed persons living in urban areas;
can easily get the information related to the job-offering
companies with these technologies................
Furthermore, the use of these technologies gives them
advantages than others.......

2) Besides, people would learn more about the outer

space as the experiment and scientific research is outer
space is going on more steadily than ever.

3) Apart from that, computers would become more

powerful and they will have superior artificial
intelligence. We will have robots to do the hazardous
works like mining and outer space research.
Surprisingly, e-commerce would be in more convenient
form and most of the people will purchase online rather
than going to shops in person.

Vocabulary to show comparison:

In the same way.....

Likewise.....
Similarly.....
Like the previous point.....
Similar to.....
Also.....
At the same time.....
Just as.....

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Examples:
1) Similarly, all the companies and offices are becoming
automated and using computers, internet and other
technologies vastly than any other time in history.......

2) At the same time software could used for many

purposes such as learning through computers,
accounting in computers, drawing, storage of
information, sending information from one person to
other person etc.

3) Also reading books is like peeking into the minds of

the greatest people - A book is like a conversation with
the writer and reading many books gives us an insight
into the thinking process of different writers.

Vocabulary to show contrast:

On the other hand.....

On the contrary.....
However.....
But.....
Nevertheless.....
Oppositely.....
Alternatively.....
Unlike.....
While.....
Whilst.....
Even though.....
Alternatively.....
In contrast to this.....
Then again.....
On the other hand.....
Examples:
1) On the contrary, poor countries suffer from the lack of
sufficient budgets to ensure some very basic needs of
people like health, education, medicines etc. Then
again, those countries don't have a chance to spend a
lot of money to initiate a superficial project........

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2) Unlike a TV, a radio cannot display an image or a
video, and the communication is limited to voice only.
Typically, a radio is used for access information such as
news and live traffic updates.........

3) In contrast to this, the consumption of fuels to run

the car is contributing to the rise if global warming and
affecting the ozone layer. So, using bicycle in cities
would be a better alternative.........

Vocabulary to show an example:

As an example.....
For instance.....
For example.....
Like.....
As.....
Such as.....
Particularly.....
In particular.....
Namely.....
To show an example.....
As an evidence.....
To illustrate.....
To paraphrase.....

Examples:
1) For instance, there is no guaranty that all
unemployed person will use the technology
positively........

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2) As an example, many Government of the first world
countries have initiated other projects like:.........

3) For example, if a public bus gets busted in the middle

of a road, the passenger can easily leave it a look for
another one.

Vocabulary to show consequence, effects or result:

As a result.....
Consequently.....
As an effect.....
Thus.....
So.....
The reason why.....
Therefore.....
Hence.....
Eventually.....
For this reason.....
Thereby.....

Examples:

1) Therefore, we should avoid using our budget in an

uncertain project........

2) As a result, people are struggling much to lead a

healthy and secure life.........

3) Consequently, local residents will be able to find

more job opportunities in this factory and have a better
socio-economic status.........

Vocabulary to sum up:

To sum up.....
In short.....
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In a word.....
To put it simply.....
That is to say.....
Examples:
1) In a word, I think, the idea can be very useful for the
developing countries but for us, it might be a
sinister.........

2) That is to say, we must ensure the safety of our

children first.........

3) In short, overall infrastructure of the area will

develop.
N.B. The above vocabulary is specifically useful while finishing
a paragraph. You can use these words/ phrases to re-state your
topic of the paragraph.

Vocabulary to make a point strong:

Although.....
Thought.....
Nonetheless.....
Nevertheless.....
Still.....
Yet.....
Must.....
After all.....
Even if.....
Therefore.....
Thus.....

Examples:-

1) Although, Parents are important teachers in our lives

and none can deny their invaluable role to make us what
we are, but they aren't always the best teachers.......

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2) Thus air and water pollution caused by this factory
will ruin the local environment and wildlife
fundamentally.........

3) Although industrialization is necessary for growth,

but it must be regulated. The proper measures must be
in place to reduce the negative impacts of byproducts
on environment.

Other transitional words / connective words:

Then.....
Else.....
Otherwise.....
Besides.....
As soon as.....
As much as.....

Examples:

1) They take care of the children as much as parents

do..................

2) As soon as we realize the problem..................

3) Otherwise, the unemployed graduates' number will

keep on increasing..................

Vocabulary for the conclusion part:

In conclusion.....
In summary.....
To conclude.....
To conclude with.....
To sum up.....
In general.....
To summarize.....
In short.....
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All in all....
Overall.....
On the whole.....
In a nut Shell.....

Examples:-
1) In general, even though it is preferable to study
English in an English-speaking country, a reasonable
level of English can be achieved in one's own country, if
a student is gifted and dedicated to study.
2) To sum up, if the population explosion continues,
many more people will die of starvation in poor
countries, and life in the cities, even in affluent nations,
will become increasingly difficult.

3) To conclude, I recommend that the only sensible way

to solve this problem is to educate young people about
the dangers of drug use, and to take steps to reduce the
pressure of competition placed upon them.

4) In conclusion, nuclear technology certainly has

positive uses but is nonetheless dangerous. However, it
would have been better if it had never been used to
create nuclear weapons. If life on Earth is to continue,
all the nuclear nations of the world should agree to
disarm as soon as possible.

N.B. The conclusion part of the IELTS Essay or IELTS Academic

writing task 2 usually begins with a special concluding phrase
that links it to the rest of the essay. Notice that a conditional
sentence can be very effective in the conclusion. One reason
for this is that it can refer to what might occur as a result of
your suggestions or recommendations. Of course, you can use
conditional sentences elsewhere in your essay as well. If you do
use conditionals, be sure that the construction of your
sentences is grammatically correct.

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Also, in a short essay of approximately 250 words the
conclusion can be just one or two sentences long. The
conclusion should briefly sum up what you have said in your
essay, and does not usually contribute a new idea, unless it is a
minor point. However, it is a good place to make
recommendations or suggestions, or to give advice and offer
solutions, if you are asked to do so.

Vocabulary for generalizing a statement:

Whenever you need to show a generalization or general idea,
you can use these vocabularies to present your point.

Generally.....
Generally speaking.....
In general.....
Overall.....
All in all.....
By and large.....
Basically.....
As a rule.....
Essentially.....
On the whole....
All things considered.....

Examples:

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1) All things considered a certain reserved position for
women in high-level job is actually a good idea to
empower the women towards the overall betterment of
the organization and society.

2) In general it can be stated that in upcoming few years

human will be blessed with adequate facilities, which
definitely will make their lives quite easier, due to
advanced technology.

3) As a rule, in most of the countries a zoological garden

is monitored strictly and the health, treatment and
foods are properly ensured for the animals they keep.

Vocabulary for expressing condition:

Some arguments and statements in your essay would require
you to show that it is dependent on some condition.
Following is the list of vocabularies you can use to present
condition in your writing.

If.....
Provided that.....
Because of that.....
For this reason.....
Unless.....
Providing that.....
So that.....
In case.....
Whether....

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Examples:

1) If the proper measurements and initiatives are not

taken, the pollution will keep on increasing and that
would someday threaten the existence of our life.

2) Unless we change our diet and get involved in some

sort of outdoor activities and sports, the average weight
would kept on increasing.

3) For this reasons, we should preserve a certain

percentage of high level job for qualified women.

Vocabulary for expressing Agreement:

In agreement/ disagreement essay you will often need to

express whether you agree/ disagree or partially agree with a
given statement or opinion. Following vocabularies would be
helpful to express your agreement with something.

I quite agree that....

I strongly agree.....
I completely agree that.....
I totally agree with the given idea that.....
I agree with the opinion that.....
I am quite inclined to the opinion that.....
I could not agree more.....
I concur with the group who believe that.....
I accept that.....
I accept the fact that.....
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I approve the idea.....
I am in agreement.....
I consent that.....

Examples:
1) I quite agree that owning a car have far more
advantages that disadvantages.

2) I am in agreement with the group of people who

believe that the government should build more sports
facilitates to promote public health.

3) I agree with the opinion that more taxes should be

imposed on fast food items.

Vocabulary for expressing Disagreement:

Following are some useful vocabulary to use whenever you
want to express your disagreement with an idea, opinion or
statement. You will usually use those in agreement/
disagreement type IETLS essay.

I disagree with the opinion that....

I strongly disagree.....
I completely disagree with.....
I totally disagree with the given idea that.....
I disagree with the statement.....
I quite oppose the opinion that.....
I disapprove that.....
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I totally do not accept the fact that.....
My own opinion contradicts.....
I disagree with the group of people.....
However, my opinion is different.....

Examples:
1) I quite disagree that building more roads only can
solve the ever increasing traffic problem in most cities.

2) I oppose the opinion that government has no

responsibilities for supporting the senior citizens.

3) My opinion contradicts with the group of people who

believe that space research has no value for us.

Vocabulary for expressing partial agreement:

In some cases you will have opinion or point of view that

would not completely agree or disagree with a given opinion
or statement. In this case you should clearly mention that
you partially agree with the opinion but to some extent you
also disagree to this. In these cases, using the following
vocabulary will be very helpful.

To some extent..
In a way..
I agree to the given statement to some extent..

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Up to a point I agree..
More or less..
So to speak..

Examples:
1) In a way I agree that it is governments responsibility
to keep the environment clean, but without individual
effort it cannot be achieved.

2) To some extent I agree with the opinion that space

research is a waste of money but the invaluable effects
these researches can have could not be denied.

3) So to speak, mothers play the most important role to

upbringing the children, however, the contribution a
father can have to the children can't be ignored.

Vocabulary for expressing certainty:

To make a point or argument stronger, you often need to
show the certainty of your expression. To do so use the
following list of vocabularies:

Certainly..
Definitely..
No doubt..
Of course..
Doubtlessly..
Without any doubt..
Undoubtedly..

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Examples:
1) Of course, learning from books in a formal
educational institutions and learning from books for
someone's own interest are highly important.

2) Definitely practical lessons help us to have more

deeply understanding, while theory learned from books
will be forgotten far easier.

3) Undoubtedly ultimate exhaust of natural resources

would create a chaos and many wild lives would be
endangered as well.

Vocabulary for Adding further information:

In your essay you need to present reasons and arguments to
make your point of view stronger. For this you often need to
add multiple examples or cases and those examples or cases
should be connected using some linking words. Such linking
words are given below so that you can use them in your
IELTS essay.

In addition..
And..
Moreover..
Similarly..
Furthermore..
Also..
As well as..
Besides..
Even..
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Too..
Whats more..
Again..
In a similar fashion..
Likewise..

Examples:
1) whats more, university education should be based on
talent and performance, not based on equal gender
opportunity.

2) Likewise, if the popular media provides good news

such as educational, scientific and so on, this can
motivate the young generation to achieve more
knowledge.

3) Even, second or third changes to those heinous

criminals are often found fruitless and they committed
crime again.

Vocabulary for presenting time or sequence:

Expressing the time or sequence is important to show a

natural flow in your arguments and paragraphs. Important
vocabularies that can be used to show time or sequence are
given below.

First/ Firstly..
Second/ Secondly..
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Third/ Thirdly..
Last/ Lastly..
Then..
At the same time..
Meanwhile..
Since..
As soon as..
After this / that..
Before..
After..
Afterwards ..
During..
While..
Simultaneously..
Following this..
When..

Examples:

1) At the same time the technological revolution affects

all countries around the world in many ways
significantly.

2) Meanwhile we should try our best to put every effort

to make our environment clean.

3) Afterwards, these steps could help mass people to be

aware about the danger of their fast food intakes.

IELTS Vocabulary: Presenting an argument

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 A: Read the text below, in which somebody is trying to
decide whether to go straight to university from school,
or spend a year traveling around the world. Put their
argument into the correct order, using the key words
and expressions in italics to help you. The first one and
last one have been done for you.

I'm ready in two minds about what to do when I leave

school. Should I go straight to university or should I spend a
year traveling around the world?

It is often said that knowledge is the key to power, and I

cannot disagree with this.

On the one hand, I would experience lots of different

cultures.

Unfortunately, another point is that if I spent a year

traveling I would need a lot of money.

And I'm not alone in this opinion. Many consider a sound

career and a good salary to be an important goal.

However, it could be argued that I would also meet lots of

interesting people while I was traveling.

Secondly, if I go straight to university, I'll learn so many

things that will help me in my future life.

First of all, there are so many benefits of going straight to

university.

But I believe that it would be easy to make a bit while I

was traveling, giving English lessons or working in hotels and
shops.

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 Moreover, I'll be able to take part in the social activities
that the university offers, and meet lots of new friends who
share the same interests.

The most important point is that the sooner I get my

qualifications, the quicker I'll get a job and start earning.

Nevertheless, these inconveniences would be an

inevitable part of traveling and would be greatly outweighed
by the other advantages.

In my opinion, starting work and making money is one of

the most important things in life.

On the other hand, I could end up suffering from culture

shock, homesickness and some strange tropical diseases.

Furthermore, if I spent a year traveling, I would learn more

about the world.

All right, I've made my mind up. Now, where's my nearest

travel agency?

When you are asked to present an argument, you should

always look at it from two sides, giving reasons why you
agree and disagree before reaching a conclusion. Other
words and expressions which you might find useful
include:

I believe that/ despite this/ in spite of this/ also/ thirdly/I

think/ finally/ in conclusion/ nonetheless/ admittedly/ on
the contrary/ at any rate/ notwithstanding/ for all that/
even if.

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 B. Using the key words and expressions in italic from the
last exercise, presents an argument for one of the
following issues:

1. A government's main priority is to provide education for its

people.

2. The only way to save the environment is for governments

to impose strict quotas on the energy we use (for example, by
restricting car ownership, limiting the water we use).

3. Satisfaction in your job is more important than the money

you earn.

4. Living in a town or city is better than living in the

countryside.

5. It is our responsibility to help or look after those less

fortunate than ourselves (for example, the homeless, the
mentally ill).

Useful Words to show Relations:

across, across from, where, in which, to which, from which,

under, over , inside, on top of, along, through, as far as,
northern, southern, eastern, western, to the left/ on the left
hand side, to the right/ on the right hand side, to the south, in
back, behind the, in front, in front of the ..., in the middle,
adjacent, midpoint halfway, interior, diagonal, edge limit,
parallel, parallel to, perpendicular to, opposite, overlapping,
exterior, intersection, rectangle, square, circle, vertical,
horizontal.

Useful Words for Classification:

aspect, attributes, bases, basic kinds of, categories,

characteristics, classes, classifications, classify, contradictory,
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contrasting, dissimilar, distinguishable, divide, divided into,
factors, falls into, fundamental, important, insignificant, kinds
of, main kinds of, methods, minor, mutually exclusive,
opposing, opposite, origins, parts, primary, secondary,
qualities, significant, similar, sources, types of, unimportant.

Useful Words for Definition:

Aspect, Category, characteristics, clarify, class, condition,

define, definition, explain, explanation, form, in other words,
kind, method, paraphrase, type.

INTRODUCTORY LINES FOR IMPORTANT TOPICS:

BIODIVERSITY:

Biodiversity is essential to maintain the ecological balance

of nature and the food chain intact, failing which
humankind will have to pay the consequences in future.
However, to meet their various needs and for more
progress, humans continue to exploit nature beyond limits,
endangering the existence of many species of flora and
fauna.

MEN AND WOMEN :

There are notable differences between the strengths and

weaknesses of women and men and women are generally
considered to be the weaker sex. However, in modern
times an increasing number of women are engaged in
almost all occupation and have proved their mettle. Since
there are many areas where both genders can be
successfully employed, it is desirable to encourage gender
equality in professions as far as possible.

ENERGY SOURCES :

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 Energy sources from the backbone of contemporary world
today. Energy sources broadly referred to the fuel that is
required to sustain the titanic infrastructure of machines
for example Petrol, Coal, Wood, etc. The resources could
be classified into renewable and non-renewable. These are
being consumed at a much higher rate as their formation
rate.

DISCOVERY :

Discovery brings something new into existence. We know

that necessity is the mother of invention so this need of
human beings has invited many discoveries warmly.

COLLEGE :

College is the educational institution which the students

join after completing secondary education. The first duty
of college is not only to educate a man in knowledge but
also morals.

ADVERTISEMENTS :

Advertisement is an inseparable part of modern life.

According to George Bernard Shaw you can tell the ideals
of a nation by its advertisements. Advertisements make
us easy to choose the product henceforth saving our
precious time.

BOOKS :

Books are our never failing friends, which stand by us

through thick and thin. They are our gateway of
knowledge. A well-read person is like a walking-talking
encyclopedia.

TECHNOLOGY :

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 With ongoing industrialization and technological
advancements, human beings are enjoying more and
more facilities and comforts, but side by side environment
damage has also occurred and will continue with this
process. Pollution and some other threats have emerged
as burning issue for environment conservation.

LIFE :

Life is a game where people are the players who are

playing every day to survive it. Life is not a bed of roses so
everyone needs to be very elegant to face it.

STRESS :

Stress has become synonymous with contemporary era. It

is detrimental thing that has become the talk of the day
and has touched almost every sphere of human life.

CHILDHOOD:

Childhood is the foundation of life. It is a flexible stage and

hence we can mould the character of children in the way
we want. School is an important part of childhood. It is not
only a place to study but also a place where children learn
social interaction.

TEENAGE:

Teenage is particularly the age between thirteen and

eighteen. It is the time when children are on the threshold
of maturity and about to enter the period of adulthood, it
is the time of innumerable changes in them, both
physically and psychologically.

KNOWLEDGE:

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 Knowledge is the food for brain. It may be defined as the
awareness acquired through wisdom or experience. It can
be produced through books or experience.

MUSIC:

People listen to music for various reasons like to change

mood, to relieve stress, to be nostalgic or simply for
entertainment. It has always been a source of inspiration
to many artists. Due to its therapeutic value. It is also
used as a cure for many psychological disorders. Music
thus, is intangibly dissolved in our lives.

TOURISM:

Tourism is cardinal for any nation as it is beneficial for any

country in many ways. Along with bringing the foreign
cultures, traditions and trends, it is a significance source of
revenue for the country concerned.

MONEY:

Money is the prime factor behind the race among people

in which everybody is trying to surpass each other. The
success of a person is directly proportional to the money
he owns. Money is the prerequisite to sustain in
contemporary world today.

COMPUTERS:

The ever growing advancement in the field of technology

has resulted in the invention of multi-tasking machine
called computers. The motive behind its invention is a way
to facilitate comfort. It has become a part and parcel of
the contemporary era leaving an impact in every sphere of
life.

HOBBIES:

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 Hobbies are recreational activities and hence give a lot of
pleasure. In todays age when the life is becoming really
hectic hobbies are considered the best way to relieve
stress. However, many people hold a different opinion and
feel that one should focus on the priorities of life and avoid
anything that distracts.

EDUCATION:

Education widens a persons mental horizon and helps him

develop broad thinking. Through education a person can
gain knowledge and build up his career. In order to earn a
qualification one needs to pass through several stages of
education ranging from school to college. As university
education is last stage before starting of career, people
believe that it prepares students for employment only but
the fact is that it serves many purposes.

GLOBALIZATION:

Globalization is a commonly used term in the 20th century.

It simply means that the world has become integrated
economically, socially, politically and culturally through
the advances of technology, transportation and
communication. It is undeniable that globalization has
resulted in both positive and negative effects which must
be addressed accordingly.

CRIME:

Crime is unquestionably one of the most prevailing and

worrying aspects in any society and its prevention should
be taken seriously. Crime prevention can be executed in
various ways, firstly through sustained honest presence in
the community and secondly through international co-
operation.

SCHOOL:

Schools are the first education attaining institutes for a

child in a formal environment. The debate where to

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 allocate valuable teaching resources probably started with
the first educational institutions.

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IELTS Speaking Test: Key Facts
Duration: Between 11 and 14 minutes.
Participants: Candidates interviewed individually. The test is recorded.
Format: The test consists of three parts.

Part 1 (Interview)
Part 1 of the IELTS Speaking test lasts between 4 and 5 minutes. The
examiner will ask some simple 'getting-to-know-you' questions which will
help the examiner find out a little about you and help put you at ease.
These will be general questions such as about your family, your studies,
where you come from or what your interests are.

Example Questions

Q: Where are you from?

Q: Why are you studying English?
Q: Have you visited any English speaking countries?
Q: Do you play any sports?

Tips!
Giving full, relevant answers to the examiner's questions will help get the
interview off to a good start.

1) Avoid giving short, uncommunicative replies.

Q: Where are you from?
A: I'm from Hoorn in the Netherlands. (Don't stop there!) It's about 35
kilometers north of Amsterdam. It's a modern city but with a lot of history
and a lovely place to live.

2) Avoid short, 'yes', 'no' answers to closed questions. (These are

questions beginning 'Have you ...', 'Do you ...', 'Is it ...' etc which can be
answered simply with a yes or no answer).
Q: Have you visited any English speaking countries?
A: Yes. (Don't stop there!) I went to England last year and spent two
weeks seeing the sights. A couple of years ago I went to New York with my
parents and had a great time.
Q: Do you play any sports?
A: No. (Don't stop there!) I'm not really interested in playing sports. I like
watching sport on TV and I really enjoyed keeping up with the Olympics
recently.

3) Offer examples to help you explain a statement.

Q: Why are you preparing for the IELTS exam?

A: Because I need it for my studies. (Don't stop there!) I've been offered a
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place at a university in England to study on an MBA but I need to show my
level of English is good enough.

Part 2 (Long Turn)

Part 2 of the IELTS Speaking test lasts between 3 and 4 minutes (including
1 minute preparation time). The examiner gives you a task card and you
have to speak about the subject without interruption for between 1 and 2
minutes.

Example Task

Example 1) Describe a place you have visited that you have fond
memories of.

You should say:

Example 2) Describe your favourite personal possession.

You should say:

what this possession is

when you first got it
when you use it
and why it's so important to you.

Tips!

1. Use your 1 minute preparation time wisely and make notes of the
points you'd like to make.

2. The question will help you with the structure of your talk. The
introduction can include the item itself and maybe a brief description. The
main body of your talk could describe the situation when you acquired the
object and go on to explain when you use it. You can then end with an
explanation of why the object is so important.

3. Try to avoid giving a very dry, unimaginative introduction such as 'The

object I'm going to describe is ....'. Get your talk off to a memorable start
with something on the lines of: 'If I was about to lose everything and could
only save one thing it would be my ...', or 'I've got several things that
mean a lot to me but the one that really stands out is my ...'

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4. If you're concerned about not having enough to talk about for 1 to 2
minutes or running out of time before you've finished, the answer is to
practise as often as possible. Time yourself and ask a friend for feedback.

Part 3: (Two-Way Discussion)

In Part 3 of the test, which lasts between 3 to 4 minutes, the examiner will
ask you questions linked to the topic in Part 2.

Example Questions (Based on example topics in Part 2 above)

Q: It is sometimes argued that local cultures are being destroyed by

tourism. Why do think people might feel this?
Q: What benefits do people get from travelling to other countries?
Q: Do you think people are becoming too materialistic?
Q: To what extent are people's buying habits affected by advertising?

Tips!

1. If you need time to collect your thoughts use expressions (sparingly)

like: 'That's a good question.', 'well, let me think ...

2. Don't forget to avoid short, 'yes', 'no' answers. Try to offer examples to
back up a statement.

3. Help make your contributions memorable. Try explaining a point using a

short, personal anecdote.

4. If the examiner asks a question that you don't understand, take control
of the situation with questions such as those that appear below.
Responding like this will show evidence of your communication skills.

A) If the examiner uses a word or phrase that you don't understand, say
something like:
"Sorry but could you explain what you mean by ........" or
"I haven't come across that word/expression before. Could you explain
what you mean?"

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 B) If you simply didn't hear something that was asked, respond with:
"Excuse me, I didn't quite catch that. Could you say that again?"
"I'm sorry, but would you mind repeating that?"

C) If you want to make sure you've understood what the examiner has
asked you could say:
"Do you mean ........"
"When you say ........, do you mean/are you asking........?

IELTS SPEAKING
The success in IELTS test largely depends on students' ability
to follow the instructions. It sounds ridiculously simple, and yet
it is a common mistake to underestimate the importance of
following the instructions precisely. So here is a list of 8 most
famous IELTS pitfalls that cost test takers precious points.

1. More is less. A very common mistake is to answer in more

words than instructed. If the task says "Not more than 3
words", answering in 4 or more words will definitely cost marks.

2. Less is less. The length of a written task is crucial. When

instructions mention a minimal number of words (250 for essay,
150 for report or letter), it means that any work shorter than
required will be penalized.
3. Longer essay doesn't mean better mark. Another common
misconception is that longer essays score better in IELTS. Not
only is this a myth, but also a dangerous one. Writing a long
essay can indirectly cost marks, because the chances of
making mistakes increase with the number of words and
sentences.

4. Changing the subject is unacceptable. Every so often a

student is asked to write on topic, that he doesn't understand.
To avoid the disaster of missing a whole task they decide to
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 write on a slightly or entirely - different topic. The sad fact is
that no matter how beautiful the submitted work is, the wrong
topic means zero score. Another similar pitfall is to omit parts of
the given topic or ignore the guidelines in your work. Every
point the topic refers to needs to be covered because the
examiners will be actually counting them.

5. Good memory can get you in trouble. Having seen that the
topics sometimes repeat, "smart" students with good memory
decide to memorize essays. This is a terrible mistake to make
because the examiners are trained to look for memorized
essays and have firm instructions to disqualify such works on
the spot.
6. Accent is not important. Pronunciation is.! IELTS, being a
test for non-native English speakers can't penalize people for
having an accent. The problem here is that not everyone knows
the difference between speaking with an accent and
mispronouncing the words. No matter how strong of an accent
a person has, the words are to be pronounced correctly or it will
cost marks.

7. It is not the ideas that are important, but the way they are
described in. Many students think that expressing the wrong
ideas (whether it is in essay, letter or discussion) can harm
their score. The truth is that no idea can be wrong and the
ideas are not important on their own, it is the way they are
expressed in that important.

8. Connective words: the more is not always the better.

Smart students know that one of the essay marking criteria are
coherence and cohesion, and what better way is there to
demonstrate cohesion than to use lots of connective words,
right? Wrong. Overuse of connective words is a know problem,
which is easily recognized and penalized by the examiners.

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And in conclusion, a word of advice: to stay out of trouble, it is
equally important to be aware of the pitfalls and to practice
enough before the exam. Being familiar with the structure and
the procedure of the test will build up confidence and that will
reflect in your score.

PART ONE QUESTIONS: INTRODUCTORY ROUND

What is your (full) name?

Can I have your name please?

Could you tell me your full name please?

What shall I call you?

How can I address you?

Does your name have any special meaning?

Is your name important to you?

Do Korean people like changing their name? Why?

Have you ever changed your name? Why or why not?

Why do so many people change their name?

Do you work or study?

Study

What are you studying?

Whats your major?

Why did you choose that subject?

What do you find most interesting about your course?

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 What is your favorite subject?

What do you dislike about your study?

What do you hope to do after your graduation?

What are your ambitions for the future?

Do you hope to gain any qualifications?

What are the advantages of studying instead of working?

Work

Can you describe your job to me?

What do you do for a living?

How long have you been doing it?

Can you describe one of your typical working days?

Whats your daily routine on a working day?

Why did you choose to do that job?

What things do you enjoy about your work? Why?

What do you think is the attraction of your work?

What is your ideal job?

Do you want to change your current job? Why or why not?

Are you willing to keep your job permanently?

What are your plans for the future?

Your town

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 Can you describe your town or village to me?

Tell me something about your hometown.

Where are you from?

Where is your hometown?

Where do you come from?

What is the name of the street you live on?

What kind of street do you live on?

What do you like about your town?

What is the weather like in your town?

What building is considered famous in your town?

What jobs do people in your town do?

How has your town changed over the last twenty years?

What changes have taken place in your city in recent

years?

Do you think it is better to live in the center of town or

outside in the country? Why?

Free time

What do you enjoy doing in your free time?

How much time do you have each week for doing these
things?

Why do you like doing these activities?

How did you start doing this activity at first?

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 Is there some other hobby or sport you would like to try?
Why?

How has the way people spend their free time changed
over the years?

Holidays

What do you do when you have a holiday?

Who do you usually spend holiday with?

Where do you like to spend your holidays? Why?

Can you describe a typical day in your holidays?

Why are holidays and important to you?

If you could take a holiday anywhere in the world, where

would you go? Why?

What do people usually do during holidays and in your

town?

Places to go in your free time

What do people do in your town in their free time?

Where can they go out for entertainment, or to enjoy

themselves?

Which do you prefer: eating in restaurants or eating at

home?

Which are the best places to eat out?

Transport

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 How did you come here today?

What is public transport like in your town?

How do you think it could be improved?

Do you think people should use public transport more?

Why (not)?

Shopping

How much time do you spend shopping every week?

Do you enjoy going shopping? Why (not)?

What is your favourite shop and why do you like it?

What problems are there with shopping in your area?

Your neighborhood

Can you describe the house where you live to me?

What is there to do in the area where you live?

What do you like about the area where you live?

How do you think it could be improved?

Do you think it is better to live in the centre of town or

outside in the country? Why?

Reading

Do you enjoy reading? Why?

What sort of things do you read?

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 Tell me something about your favourite book.

What are the advantages of reading instead of watching

television or going to the cinema?

Sports and games

What sports are most popular in your country?

What sports and games did you most enjoy playing

when you were a child?

Do people take as much exercise as in the past?

Why is exercise good for you?

PART2 AND PART3:

Beautiful places

Part 2

Take one minute to prepare a talk on the following subject.

Take notes if you like and remember to include reasons and
examples.
You should then speak for between one and two minutes.

Describe a beautiful place to visit in your country.

You should say:

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 where it is

how to get there

what there is to do when you are there

and explain why you recommend this place.

Part 3
Attitudes to tourism

Why do you think people like to travel to different places

in their free time?

How do you see tourism changing in your country in the

future?

Conserving the countryside

Why is it important to protect the countryside?

In what ways is the countryside in danger in your country?

Historic buildings and monuments

Why are historic buildings and monuments important to a

city?

Is it better to keep old buildings, or build new modern

ones?

Family

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Part 2

Take one minute to prepare a talk on the following subject.

Take notes if you like and remember to include reasons and
examples.
You should then speak for between one and two minutes.

Describe the person in your family who you most

admire.

You should say:

what their relationship is to you

what they have done in their life

what they do now

and explain why you admire them so much.

Part 3
Attitudes to family

In what ways have families in your country changed in

recent years?

Should husbands and wives have different roles within the

family? Why (not)?

Family or friends

Which are more important to you: your family or your

friends?

What conflicts can arise between a person's family and a

person's friends?
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Family responsibilities

What responsibilities do parents have towards their

children?

What responsibilities do children have towards their

parents?

Shopping

Part 2

Take one minute to prepare a talk on the following subject.

Take notes if you like and remember to include reasons and
examples.
You should then speak for between one and two minutes.

Describe your favorite shop.

You should say:

where it is
what things it sells

what sort of people are its customers

and explain why you like the shop so much.

Part 3
Things to buy

What typical things can visitors to your country buy?

What things do young people like to buy in your country?

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Money

Is it a good idea to save money? Why (not)?

Do you think that people are happier if they have money?

Why (not)?

Shopping

What can shops do to make shopping more pleasant for

their customers?

Do you think that in the future people will do most of their

shopping using the Internet? Why?/ Why not?

Part 2

Take one minute to prepare a talk on the following subject.

Take notes if you like and remember to include reasons and
examples.
You should then speak for between one and two minutes.

Describe an open-air or street market which you

enjoyed visiting.

You should say:

where the market is

what the market sells

how big the market is

and explain why you enjoyed visiting this market.

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Part 3
Shopping at markets

Do people in your country enjoy going to open-air markets

that sell things like food or clothes or old objects? Which
type of market is more popular? Why?

Do you think markets are more suitable places for selling

certain types of things? Which ones? Why do you think this
is?

Do you think young people feel the same about shopping

at markets as older people? Why is that?

Shopping in general

What do you think are the advantages of buying things

from shops rather than markets?

How does advertising influence what people choose to

buy? Is this true for everyone?

Do you think that any recent changes in the way people

live have affected general shopping habits? Why is this?

Eating and food

Part 2

Take one minute to prepare a talk on the following subject.

Take notes if you like and remember to include reasons and
examples.
You should then speak for between one and two minutes.

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Describe a special occasion when you had a really
enjoyable meal.

You should say:

what the occasion was

who was at the meal

what you ate

and explain why the meal was so enjoyable.

Part 3
Attitudes to food

What do you think a healthy diet consists of?

Which do people in your country prefer: traditional food or

fast food such as hamburgers or pizzas?

Learning about food

Do you think children should be taught about healthy diets

and cooking at school? Why (not)?

At what age do you think children should be taught to

cook?

Food aid

What can be done to prevent poor people in the world

going hungry?

Should rich countries help poor countries with more than

just food?
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Travelling
Part 2

Take one minute to prepare a talk on the following subject.

Take notes if you like and remember to include reasons and
examples.
You should then speak for between one and two minutes.

Describe a memorable journey you have made.

You should say:

where you were going

how you were travelling

why you were making the journey

and explain what made the journey so memorable.

Part 3
Travelling and learning

What do people learn from travelling?

Do you think the growth of international tourism is a good

thing? Why (not)?

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Tourism and culture

How has tourism changed the way people in your country

live?

How should tourists behave when they visit your country?

Ways of travelling

What do you think is the best way for a tourist to travel if

they want to learn about your country?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of travelling

by plane?

Part 2

Take one minute to prepare a talk on the following subject.

Take notes if you like and remember to include reasons and
examples.
You should then speak for between one and two minutes.

Describe a journey that you remember well.

You should say:

where you went

how you travelled

why you went on the journey

and explain why you remember this journey well.

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Part 3
Reasons for daily travel

Why do people need to travel every day?

What problems can people have when they are on their

journey, for example to work or school? Why is this?

Some people say that daily journeys like these will not be
so common in the future. Do you agree or disagree? Why?

Benefits of international travel

What do you think people can learn from travelling to

other countries? Why?

Can travel make a positive difference to the economy of a

country? How?

Do you think a society can benefit if its members have

experience of travelling to other countries? In what ways?

School

Part 2

Take one minute to prepare a talk on the following subject.

Take notes if you like and remember to include reasons and
examples.
You should then speak for between one and two minutes.

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Describe a school which you went to.

You should say:

when you went there

how many people studied there

how long you spent there

and explain what you liked and disliked about it.

Part 3
Attitudes to education

How has education changed in your country in the last ten

years?

Is a good education more important to a boy or a girl?

Why?

The focus of education

How well do you think schools prepare young people for

working life?

Do you think schools should teach subjects like art, music

and dancing? Why (not)?

Education and technology

How important is it for schools to have computers for their

students?

Is the Internet a valuable educational tool?

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Adventure

Part 2

Take one minute to prepare a talk on the following subject.

Take notes if you like and remember to include reasons and
examples.
You should then speak for between one and two minutes.

Describe an exciting experience in your life.

You should say:

when the experience took place

where the experience took place

what happened exactly

and explain why the experience was so exciting.

Part 3
Safety and danger

In what ways is life becoming safer, and in what ways is it

becoming more dangerous?

Should people always avoid danger, or is it a good idea

sometimes to take risks?

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Taking risks

What risks should people try to avoid?

Do you think people take fewer risks as they grow older?

Why (not)?

Adventure

How important is it to have adventure in our lives?

What do people learn about themselves from having

adventures?

Newspapers

Part 2

Take one minute to prepare a talk on the following subject.

Take notes if you like and remember to include reasons and
examples.
You should then speak for between one and two minutes.

Describe a newspaper or magazine you enjoy

reading.

You should say:

what kind of newspaper or magazine it is, e.g.

fashion

how often you buy it

what articles and information it contains

and explain why you enjoy reading it.

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Part 3
Attitudes to newspapers

In what ways are newspapers better for learning about the

news than listening to the radio or watching television?

Do you think newspapers should be completely free to say

whatever they want?

Tastes in reading

What do people enjoy reading in your country?

Do you think it is important for people to read a lot? Why

(not)?

Public and private lives

What sort of stories do newspapers and magazines publish

about well-known or famous people in your country?

Do you think the media should be allowed to publish

stories about the private lives of public figures?

Sport

Part 2

Take one minute to prepare a talk on the following subject.

Take notes if you like and remember to include reasons and
examples.
You should then speak for between one and two minutes.

Describe an exciting competition or sporting event

you have witnessed.

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You should say:

what the competition or sporting event was

when and where it took place

who won

and explain why it was exciting.

Part 3
Sport & Health

What do you do to keep fit?

Are you good at sport?

What sports do you play?

What is the most popular sport in your country?

What are the best ways to keep fit?

Do you think most people consider exercise a chore or do

they find it fun?

What is the most popular form of exercise in your country?

Do you think people in your country are less healthy than

they used to be?

How can we encourage young people to stay healthy?

Should governments intervene to force people to be

healthier?

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CUE CARDS

Describe an artist or entertainer you admire.

You should say:

Who they are and what they do

How they became successful
How you found out about them
And explain why you admire them

Describe a subject you enjoyed studying at school.

You should say:

When and where you started studying it

What lessons were like
What made the subject different from other subjects
And explain why you enjoyed the subject

Describe an important choice you had to make in your life.

You should say:

When you had this choice

What you had to choose between
Whether you made a good choice
And explain how you felt when you were making this
choice

Describe a job you have done.

You should say:

How you got the job

What the job involved
How long the job lasted
Describe how well you did the job

Describe an area of countryside you know and like.

You should say:
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 Where it is
What its special features are
What you and other people do in this area
And explain why you like it

Describe an object you particularly like.

You should say:

What it is and what it looks like

What it is made of
What it is for
And explain why it is special for you

Describe a newspaper or magazine you enjoy reading.

You should say:

What kind of newspaper / magazine it is

Which parts of it you read regularly
When and where you read it
Explain why you enjoy reading it

Describe something healthy you enjoy doing.

You should say:

What you do
Where you do it
Who you do it with
And explain why you think doing this is healthy

Describe a game or sport you enjoy playing.

You should say:

What kind of sport it is

Who you play it with
Where you play it
And explain why you enjoy playing it

Describe someone in your family who you like.

You should say:
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 How this person is related to you
What this person looks like
What kind of person he/she is
And explain why you like this person

Describe a museum or art gallery that you have visited.

You should say:

Where it is
Why you went there
What you particularly remember about the place.

Describe an enjoyable event that you experienced when you

were at school.
You should say:

When it happened
What was good about it
Why you particularly remember this event.

Describe a song or piece of music you like.

You should say:

What the song or music is

What kind of song or music it is
Where you first heard it
And explain why you like it

Describe a festival that is important in your country.

You should say:

When the festival occurs

What you did during it
What you like or dislike about it
And explain why this festival is important

Describe an artist or entertainer you admire.

You should say:

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 Who they are and what they do
How they became successful
How you found out about them
And explain why you admire them

Describe a subject you enjoyed studying at school.

You should say:

When and where you started studying it

What lessons were like
What made the subject different from other subjects
And explain why you enjoyed the subject

Describe an important choice you had to make in your life.

You should say:

When you had this choice

What you had to choose between
Whether you made a good choice
And explain how you felt when you were making this
choice

Describe a job you have done.

You should say:

How you got the job

What the job involved
How long the job lasted
Describe how well you did the job

Describe an area of countryside you know and like.

You should say:

Where it is
What its special features are
What you and other people do in this area
And explain why you like it

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Describe an object you particularly like.
You should say:

What it is and what it looks like

What it is made of
What it is for
And explain why it is special for you

Describe a newspaper or magazine you enjoy reading.

You should say:

What kind of newspaper / magazine it is

Which parts of it you read regularly
When and where you read it
Explain why you enjoy reading it

Describe something healthy you enjoy doing.

You should say:

What you do
Where you do it
Who you do it with
And explain why you think doing this is healthy

Describe a game or sport you enjoy playing.

You should say:

What kind of sport it is

Who you play it with
Where you play it
And explain why you enjoy playing it

Describe someone in your family who you like.

You should say:

How this person is related to you

What this person looks like
What kind of person he/she is
And explain why you like this person
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Describe a museum or art gallery that you have visited.
You should say:

Where it is
Why you went there
What you particularly remember about the place.

Describe an enjoyable event that you experienced when you

were at school.
You should say:

When it happened
What was good about it
Why you particularly remember this event.

Describe a song or piece of music you like.

You should say:

What the song or music is

What kind of song or music it is
Where you first heard it
And explain why you like it

Describe a festival that is important in your country.

You should say:

When the festival occurs

What you did during it
What you like or dislike about it
And explain why this festival is important

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Success mantra IELTS guide
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 SAMPLE 9 BANDS EASY:

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Government investment in the arts, such as music and theatre, is a

waste of money. Governments must invest this money in public services
instead.

To what extent do you agree with this statement?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
experience or knowledge.

You should write at least 250 words.

Sample IELTS Writing - Model Answer

These days, the government spends a large part of its budget not only on
public services, but also the arts. Although I agree that it is important to
spend money on public services, I do not think spending on the arts is a
waste of money.

There are several reasons for spending a significant amount of the

government budget on public services. First and foremost, public services
are the things such as hospitals, roads and schools, and these things
determine the quality of life that most of us will have. For example, if the
government does not spend enough money on hospitals, the health of our
society may decline. Similarly, if not enough money is spent on schools,
our children may not be properly educated. Also, it will be the poor in our
society that will be affected more if we do not spend enough on these
things because they are the ones more dependent on such services.

However, this does not mean that the arts should be completely
neglected. To begin, it is difficult for many arts institutions to generate
much profit, so without some help from the government, many theaters
and other such places may have to close. Moreover, the arts also have an
important impact on our quality of life. Many people get great pleasure in
going to see music and theatre performances so it is important that the
government assists such institutions so that they can continue to provide
entertainment to the public.

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 To sum up, there are clear benefits of ensuring a large amount of
investment goes into public services as this influences the quality of life
for nearly all of us. That said, I do not believe spending money on the arts
is a waste of money as this too provides important benefits.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Government investment in the arts, such as music and theatre, is a

waste of money. Governments must invest this money in public services
instead.

To what extent do you agree with this statement?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
experience or knowledge.

You should write at least 250 words.

Sample IELTS Writing - Model Answer

These days, the government spends a large part of its budget not only on
public services, but also the arts. Although I agree that it is important to
spend money on public services, I do not think spending on the arts is a
waste of money.

There are several reasons for spending a significant amount of the

government budget on public services. First and foremost, public services
are the things such as hospitals, roads and schools, and these things
determine the quality of life that most of us will have. For example, if the
government does not spend enough money on hospitals, the health of our
society may decline. Similarly, if not enough money is spent on schools,
our children may not be properly educated. Also, it will be the poor in our
society that will be affected more if we do not spend enough on these
things because they are the ones more dependent on such services.

However, this does not mean that the arts should be completely
neglected. To begin, it is difficult for many arts institutions to generate
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much profit, so without some help from the government, many theaters
and other such places may have to close. Moreover, the arts also have an
important impact on our quality of life. Many people get great pleasure in
going to see music and theatre performances so it is important that the
government assists such institutions so that they can continue to provide
entertainment to the public.

To sum up, there are clear benefits of ensuring a large amount of

investment goes into public services as this influences the quality of life
for nearly all of us. That said, I do not believe spending money on the arts
is a waste of money as this too provides important benefits.

(299 words)

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:
Levels of youth crime are increasing rapidly in most cities around
the world.
What are the reasons for this, and suggest some solutions.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
experience or knowledge.
You should write at least 250 words.

Sample IELTS Writing - Model Answer

Over the last few decades, many cities around the world have seen
alarming increases in the levels of youth crime. This essay will discuss the
reasons for this and provide some possible solutions.
The first reason is connected with the family. In order for a child to grow
up in a balanced way, it is very important that he or she is nurtured well
by his or her parents. However, these days, it is often the case that
children are neglected. This may be because of the fact that many parents
in cities now both have to work so are often not around to give their
children support when needed. Another factor is the increasing levels of
poverty around the world. We have seen with globalization the rich get
richer and the poor get poorer, and this inevitably means that those who
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 are poorer will have to resort to illegal means to get what others have. Of
course, this will include the children in the poorer families.
However, there are ways to tackle such problems. Firstly, one of the ways
to combat the problem is to have stricter punishments. Although, as
discussed above, it can be outside factors that lead to crime, it is still
important to have severe punishments to deter teenagers from crime. All
too often, because they are young, the courts are too lenient. Parents also
have to take more responsibility for their childrens actions. They too
should be punished if their children commit crime.
To sum up, several factors have led to increases in youth crime, but
measures are available to tackle this problem.
(267 words)

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

In order to solve traffic problems, governments should tax private

car owners heavily and use the money to improve public
transportation.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of such a solution?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your
own experience or knowledge.

You should write at least 250 words.

Traffic Problems Essay - Model Answer

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Traffic congestion in many cities around the world is severe. One possible
solution to this problem is to impose heavy taxes on car drivers and use
this money to make public transport better. This essay will discuss the
benefits and drawbacks of such a measure.

One of the first benefits of such a measure is that the heavy taxes would
discourage car owners from using their cars because it would become
very expensive to drive. This would mean that they would begin to make
use of public transport instead, thus reducing traffic problems and
pollution as well. Another benefit would be that much more use would be
made of public transport if it was improved. It is often the case that public
transport in cities is very poor. For example, we often see old buses and
trains that people would rather not use. High taxes would generate
enough money to make the necessary changes.

Nevertheless, there are drawbacks to such a solution. First and foremost,

this would be a heavy burden on the car drivers. At present, taxes are
already high for a lot of people, and so further taxes would only mean less
money at the end of the month for most people who may have no choice
but to drive every day. In addition, this type of tax would likely be set at a
fixed amount. This would mean that it would hit those with less money
harder, whilst the rich could likely afford it. It is therefore not a fair tax.

To conclude, this solution is worth considering to improve the current

situation, but there are advantages and disadvantages of introducing such
a policy.

(277 words)

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist

knowledge of the following topic.

Overpopulation of urban areas has led to numerous problems.

Identify one or two serious ones and suggest ways that

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governments and individuals can tackle these problems.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your
own experience or knowledge.

You should write at least 250 words.

IELTS Overpopulation Essay - Sample Answer

Many countries of the world are currently experiencing problems caused

by rapidly growing populations in urban areas, and both governments and
individuals have a duty to find ways to overcome these problems.

Overpopulation can lead to overcrowding and poor quality housing in

many large cities. Poorly heated or damp housing could cause significant
health problems, resulting in illness, such as bronchitis or pneumonia.
Another serious consequence of overcrowding is a rising crime rate as
poor living conditions may lead young people in particular to take
desperate measures and turn to crime or drugs.

In terms of solutions, I believe the government should be largely

responsible. Firstly, it is vital that the state provides essential housing and
healthcare for all its citizens. Secondly, setting up community projects to
help foster more community spirit and help keep young people off the
street is a good idea. For example, youth clubs or evening classes for
teenagers would keep them occupied. Finally, more effective policing of
inner city areas would also be beneficial.

Naturally, individuals should also act responsibly to address these

problems, and the motivation to do this would hopefully arise if the
measures described above are put into place by the government. This is
because it will encourage people to have more pride in their own
community and improve the situation.

Therefore, it is clear that the problems caused by overpopulation in urban

areas are very serious. Yet if governments and individuals share a
collective responsibility, then it may well become possible to offer some
solutions.

(254 words)

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You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge

of the following topic.

The percentage of overweight children in western society has

increased by almost 20% in the last ten years.

Discuss the causes and effects of this disturbing trend.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your
own experience or knowledge.

You should write at least 250 words.

Causes and Effects Essay - Model Answer

Over the last ten years, western societies have seen close to a 20% rise in
the number of children who are overweight. This essay will discuss some
reasons why this has occurred and examine the consequences of this
worrying trend.

The main cause of this problem is poor diet. Over the last decade there
has been a prolific increase in the number of fast food restaurants. For
example, on nearly every high street there is a MacDonalds, Kentucky
Fried Chicken and Pizza Hut. The food in these places has been proven to
be very unhealthy, and much of the advertising is targeted at children,
thus ensuring that they constitute the bulk of the customers of these
establishments. However, it is not only due to eating out, but also the type
of diet many children have at home. A lot of food consumed is processed
food, especially with regards to ready-made meals which are a quick and
easy option for parents who are working hard.

The effects of this have been and will continue to be very serious. Firstly,
there has been a large increase in health related diseases amongst
children, especially diabetes. This debilitating illness means a child has to
be injected with insulin for the rest of their life. Not only this, very
overweight children often experience bullying from other children, which
may affect their mental health. The negative stigma of being overweight
may also affect self-esteem.

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To sum up, it is evident that there are several causes of obesity amongst
children, and a variety of negative effects. Society must ensure steps are
taken to prevent this problem from deteriorating further.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge

of the following topic.

As people live longer and longer, the idea of cloning human beings in
order to provide spare parts is becoming a reality. The idea horrifies
most people, yet it is no longer mere science fiction.

To what extent do you agree with such a procedure?

Have you any reservations?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
experience or knowledge.

You should write at least 250 words.

Model Answer for Human Cloning Essay

The cloning of animals has been occurring for a number of years now, and
this has now opened up the possibility of cloning humans too. Although
there are clear benefits to humankind of cloning to provide spare body
parts, I believe it raises a number of worrying ethical issues.

Due to breakthroughs in medical science and improved diets, people are

living much longer than in the past. This, though, has brought with it
problems. As people age, their organs can fail so they need replacing. If
humans were cloned, their organs could then be used to replace those of
sick people. It is currently the case that there are often not enough organ
donors around to fulfil this need, so cloning humans would overcome the
issue as there would then be a ready supply.

However, for good reasons, many people view this as a worrying

development. Firstly, there are religious arguments against it. It would
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involve creating another human and then eventually killing it in order to
use its organs, which it could be argued is murder. This is obviously a sin
according to religious texts. Also, dilemmas would arise over what rights
these people have, as surely they would be humans just like the rest of us.
Furthermore, if we have the ability to clone humans, it has to be
questioned where this cloning will end. Is it then acceptable for people to
start cloning relatives or family members who have died?

To conclude, I do not agree with this procedure due to the ethical issues
and dilemmas it would create. Cloning animals has been a positive
development, but this is where it should end.

(276 words)

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

A growing number of people feel that animals should not be

exploited by people and that they should have the same rights
as humans, while others argue that humans must employ
animals to satisfy their various needs, including uses for food
and research.

Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from
your own experience or knowledge.

You should write at least 250 words.

Animal Rights Essay - Model Answer

Some people believe that animals should be treated in the same way
humans are and have similar rights, whereas others think that it is more
important to use them as we desire for food and medical research. This
essay will discuss both points of view.

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 With regard to the exploitation of animals, people believe it is acceptable
for several reasons. Firstly, they think that humans are the most important
beings on the planet, and everything must be done to ensure human
survival. If this means experimenting on animals so that we can fight and
find cures for diseases, then this takes priority over animal suffering.
Furthermore, it is believed by some that animals do not feel pain or loss as
humans do, so if we have to kill animals for food or other uses, then this is
morally acceptable.

However, I do not believe these arguments stand up to scrutiny. To begin,

it has been shown on numerous occasions by secret filming in laboratories
via animal rights groups that animals feel as much pain as humans do,
and they suffer when they are kept in cages for long periods. In addition, a
substantial amount of animal research is done for cosmetics, not to find
cures for diseases, so this is unnecessary. Finally, it has also been proven
that humans can get all the nutrients and vitamins that they need from
green vegetables and fruit. Therefore, again, having to kill animals for
food is not an adequate argument.

To sum up, although some people argue killing animals for research and
food is ethical, I would argue there is sufficient evidence to demonstrate
that this is not the case, and, therefore, steps must be taken to improve
the rights of animals.

(Words 290)

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Many old buildings protected by law are part of a nations history. Some
people think they should be knocked down and replaced by news ones.

How important is it to maintain old buildings?

Should history stand in the way of progress?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
experience or knowledge.

You should write at least 250 words.

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 Model Answer

Most nations around the world have at least some, or possibly many, old
buildings such as temples, churches and houses in their cities, villages
and surrounding areas which have historical significance. In my opinion, it
is very important to maintain these, but this does not mean progress
should stop.

Preserving certain old buildings is important for several reasons. Firstly,

these structures provide an insight into the history of our countries,
showing us how people many centuries ago lived their lives. Without
them, we could only learn by books, and it would undoubtedly be sad if
this were the only way to see them. Many of these buildings are also very
beautiful. Take for example the many religious buildings such as churches
and temples that we see around the world. Not only this, but on a more
practical level, many of these buildings provide important income to a
country as many tourists visit them in great numbers.

However, this certainly does not mean that modernization should be

discouraged. I believe that old buildings can be protected in tandem with
progress. For example, in many circumstances we see old historic
buildings being renovated whilst maintaining their original character, and
being used for modern purposes. Also, in no way does history hinder
progress, and in fact it is the opposite. By studying and learning about our
history, we understand more about the world we live in, and this helps us
to build a better future.

To conclude, I believe that it is very important to protect and preserve old

buildings as we can learn about our history as can others from other
countries. Such knowledge can also help us to understand how to
modernize our countries in the best way.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge

of the following topic.

Some of the methods used in advertising are unethical and

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unacceptable in todays society.

To what extent do you agree with this view?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
experience or knowledge.

You should write at least 250 words.

Essay for IELTS Model Answer

The world that we live in today is dominated by advertising. Adverts are

on television, on the World Wide Web, in the street and even on our
mobile phones. However, many of the strategies used to sell a product or
service can be considered immoral or unacceptable.

To begin with, the fact that we cannot escape from advertising is a

significant cause for complaint. Constant images and signs wherever we
look can be very intrusive and irritating at times. Take for example
advertising on the mobile phone. With the latest technology mobile
companies are now able to send advertising messages via SMS to
consumers' phones whenever they choose. Although we expect adverts in
numerous situations, it now seems that there are very few places we can
actually avoid them.

A further aspect of advertising that I would consider unethical is the way

that it encourages people to buy products they may not need or cannot
afford. Children and young people in particular are influenced by adverts
showing the latest toys, clothing or music and this can put enormous
pressure on the parents to buy these products.

In addition, the advertising of tobacco products and alcohol has long been
a controversial issue, but cigarette adverts have only recently been
banned in many countries. It is quite possible that alcohol adverts
encourage excessive consumption and underage drinking, yet restrictions
have not been placed on this type of advertising in the same way as
smoking.

It is certainly true to say that advertising is an everyday feature of our

lives. Therefore, people are constantly being encouraged to buy products
or services that might be too expensive, unnecessary or even unhealthy.
In conclusion, many aspects of advertising do appear to be morally wrong
and are not acceptable in today's society.

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(296 words)

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist

knowledge of the following topic.

Nowadays more and more older people who are looking for work
have to compete with younger people for the same jobs.

What problems do this cause?

What are some possible solutions?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your
own experience or knowledge.

You should write at least 250 words.

Competing for Jobs Essay

It is common these days for older people who need employment to

compete with people much younger for the same type of work. While this
can create problems, there are steps that can be taken to reduce the
impacts.

The main problem is that older people may find it more difficult to secure
work, which arises because younger people are more likely to have up-to-
date qualifications and experience. For example, information technology is
integral to a variety of jobs these days and the skills needed for this are
rapidly changing. Young people may well have recent knowledge through
university or through using technology in their leisure time. If older people
cannot secure work, this leads to other problems. As they are likely to
have a family to support, they may not have an adequate income to
provide for their childrens education or other such necessities.

It is the government that needs to take measures to ameliorate such

problems. This needs to begin with ensuring that older people have all the
skills needed to compete in the job market, which could be achieved by
providing free training on the most important job requirements at local
community colleges, for example. In addition to this, the government

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needs to encourage employers to change their employment practices by
promoting the value of experience that older workers can bring to a job.

To conclude, the main issue with competition for work between these
groups is that older people may start to find it more difficult to find work.
However, despite this, through the right training and changes to
recruitment practices, older people can compete on an equal footing to
the younger generation in the jobs market.

(282 Words)

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist

knowledge of the following topic.

According to a recent study, the more time people use the

Internet, the less time they spend with real human beings. Some
people say that instead of seeing the Internet as a way of opening
up new communication possibilities world- wide, we should be
concerned about the effect this is having on social interaction.

How far do you agree with this opinion?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your
own experience or knowledge.

You should write at least 250 words.

Internet Essay - Model Answer

It is evident that, at present, people are spending a considerable amount

of time on the Internet, and thus spending less time with real people. I
strongly agree that although this use of the Internet has greatly increased
the level of communication available, it has also had detrimental effects
on the amount and type of social interaction that takes place.

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The benefits of the Internet in terms of increased communication are
clear, with people connected across the globe. In the past, communication
was only possible by phone or mail, which entailed time and expense. It
also usually meant just keeping in contact with those people already
known to you. With the internet, this has changed dramatically. Email and
social networking sites such as Face book and MSN have created online
communities that are global in scale, and they have fostered
communication between people and countries that we would not have
thought possible in the not too distant past.

That said, there is no doubt in my mind that this has had negative impacts
on social interaction. People, especially the younger generation, spend
hours of their time online, chatting and on forums. Although this can be
beneficial, it is certainly not the same as real interaction with human
beings and does not involve the same skills. It is important that children
have and maintain real friendships in order to develop their own
interpersonal skills. Not only this, it can also have negative effects on local
communities if people are spending most of their time communicating
online and not mixing in their neighborhoods, and possibly lead to feelings
of isolation for those individuals who do not have a real person to turn to
in times of need.

To conclude, I believe that the internet has undoubtedly been beneficial,

but there are good reasons to be concerned about social interaction in our
societies. It is therefore important that we maintain a balance between
our online life and our contact with real human beings.

(328 Words)

IELTS Essay Question

The growing number of overweight people is putting a strain on the health
care system in an effort to deal with the health issues involved. Some
people think that the best way to deal with this problem is to introduce
more physical education lessons in the school curriculum. To what extent
do you agree or disagree?

Agree Disagree Model Essay

Owing to the problems which a growing population of overweight people

causes for the health care system, some people think that the key to
solving these issues is to have more sport and exercise in schools. In my
opinion, I completely agree that this is the best way to tackle the issue of
deteriorating public health in relation to weight.

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Firstly, dealing with the issues surrounding obesity and weight problems is
best solved by taking a long term approach and introducing more sport
and exercise in schools. This method will ensure that the next generation
will be healthier and will not have such health problems. At the moment,
the average child in the West does sport possibly twice a week, which is
not enough to counteract their otherwise sedentary lifestyle. However, by
incorporating more sports classes into the curriculum as well as
encouraging extracurricular sports activities, they will undoubtedly
become fitter and more active.

Another point to consider is that having more sports lessons for children in
schools will probably result in children developing an interest in exercise
which might filter through to other members of their family and have a
longer lasting effect. In other words, parents with sporty children are more
likely to get involved in sport as a way of encouraging their children. By
both parents and children being involved, it will ensure that children grow
up to incorporate sport into their daily lives. This is certainly a natural and
lasting way to improve public health.

In conclusion, to deal with an increasing population of unfit, overweight

people, changing the lifestyle of the coming generation by introducing
sport in schools is the easiest and most effective method to use.

Words = 282

Writing Task 1 Model Answers:

1) The chart below gives information about the most common sports
played in New Zealand in 2002.

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 Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main
features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Model answer

The bar graph provides information about the most Common sports played in New
Zealand in 2002. It gives figures for both boys and girls and clearly shows that their
participation in sports is fairly equal. However, their sporting preferences tend to be
different.

According to the graph, the most popular sport among girls is netball, with participation
rates reaching 25 per cent. A similar percentage of boys prefer soccer, which is clearly
their favorite sport. Ten per cent of boys also enjoy playing cricket but hardly any girls
take part in this game. While swimming is popular among both boys and girls, fewer boys
participate in this sport - about 13 per cent compared to approximately 22 per cent of
girls.

Other sports such as tennis, basketball and martial arts have lower levels of popularity,
and a significant percentage of boys and girls say they enjoy sports not referred to on the
chart.

(153 words)

2) The diagram below shows the average hours of unpaid work per
week done by people in different categories. (Unpaid work refers
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 to such activities as childcare in the home, housework and
gardening.)

Describe the information presented below, comparing results for

men and women in the categories shown. Suggest reasons for
what you see.

You should write at least 150 words.

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram reveals that the number of hours per week spent in unpaid work is
unequally distributed between men and women.

In households where there are no children, women are reported to work some 30 hours
per week in such tasks as housework and gardening. Men's contribution to these unpaid
jobs averages a considerably lower 18 hours.

When children enter the household, however, the inequality becomes even more
pronounced. In families of 1 - 2 children, men maintain approximately the same number
of hours of unpaid work as in childless households, but the number of hours women work
in the home rises to 52 per week, much of it, on doubt, due to childcare responsibilities.

Interestingly, when there are three or more children in the household, men are found to
work even fewer hours around the house than before the appearance of the third child.
Whereas women's unpaid hours rise to approximately 56 per week, the corresponding
figure for men, 16, actually represents a decrease.

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The data suggest that the increased presence of women in the paid work force has yet to
lead to an increased role for men in the home.

3) The table below shows social and economic indicators for four
countries in 1994, according to United Nations statistics.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main
features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Indicators Canada Japan Peru Zaire

Annual income per person (in $US) 11100 15760 160 130

Life expectancy at birth 76 78 51 47

Daily calorie supply per person 3326 2846 1927 1749

Adult literacy rate (%) 99 99 68 34

Model answer

A glance at four indicators of economic and social conditions in four countries, Canada,
Japan, Peru and Zaire, in 1994 reflects the great differences that exist between wealthier
and poorer nations.

The table shows that Japan and Canada had annual incomes of $15 760 and $11 100 per
person, respectively. These figures were overwhelmingly greater than the corresponding
figures of $160 in Peru and $130 in Zaire.

Health indicators, too, reflected overall levels of affluence in the four nations. Life
expectancy at birth, for example, was higher among the more economically developed
countries. Japan reported the highest life expectancy, 78. This was followed by Canada,

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76; Peru, 51; and Zaire, 47. This suggests that richer societies are able to put more
money into health care than poorer ones.

The amount of calories consumed daily per person roughly followed the same ranking.
Canadians each consumed some 3 326 calories per day while the Japanese took 2846
calories. The corresponding figures for Peru and Zaire were 1927 and 1749, respectively.

Literacy rates among adults, too, were higher in wealthier countries, no doubt a reflection
of ability to invest in education. Canada and Japan both reported literacy rates of 99%,
while Peru claimed 68%. Zaire, the least economically developed of the four countries,
had a literacy rate of 34%.

The data appear to confirm the often cited link between national wealth and health and
education standards.

IELTS Tip

Make sure you understand the following in a table:

1) the main heading/title of the table

2) the column heading/categories and exactly what these show

Look for the most important information in the table by comparing categories and groups. Notice any
similarities, any differences, any obvious changes and/or trends.

4) The diagram below shows the typical stages of consumer goods

manufacturing, including the process by which information is fed
back to earlier stages to enable adjustment.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the process

shown.

You should write at least 150 words.

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

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model answer:

Most consumer goods go through a series of stages before they emerge as finished
products ready for sale.

Raw materials and manufactured components comprise the initial physical input in the
manufacturing process. Once obtained, these are stored for later assembly. But
assembly first depends upon the production planning stage, where it is decided how and
in what quantities the stored materials will be processed to create sufficient quantities of
finished goods. The production planning stage itself follows the requirements of the
goods' design stage that proceeds from extensive research. After assembly, the products
are inspected and tested to maintain quality control l Those units that pass the
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inspection and testing stages are then packaged, despatched and offered for sale in
retail outlets. The level of sales, which is the end point of the manufacturing process,
helps determine production planning.

A product's design is not only the result of product research, but is also influenced by
testing and market research. If the testing stage (after assembly and inspection) reveals
unacceptable problems in the finished product, then adjustments will have to be made to
the product's design. Similarly, market research, which examines the extent and nature
of the demand for products, has the role of guiding product design to suit consumer
demands which may change with time. Market research, while influenced by product
sales, also serves to foster future sales by devising suitable advertising for the goods.

Thus the reality of consumer goods manufacturing goes well beyond a simple linear
production process.

5) Eating sweet foods produces acid in the mouth, which can cause tooth decay.
(High acid levels are measured by low pH values)

Describe the information below and discuss the implications for dental health.

Anyone who has visited a dentist has been told that eating excessive amounts of sweets risks
harming the teeth. This is because sweets lower pH levels in the mouth to dangerous levels.

When the pH level in the mouth is kept above 5.5, acidity is such that teeth are unlikely to be
in danger of decay. Sweet foods, however, cause pH in the mouth to drop for a time, and the
longer pH levels remain below 5.5, the greater the opportunity for decay to occur.

By comparing fruit sugar, cane sugar and honey, which are all common ingredients of sweet
foods, we find that cane sugar lowers pH levels for the longest period, thus producing the

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 greatest risk of the three. Approximately five minutes after consuming cane sugar, pH levels
drop to as little as pH 3.5. They then begin to rise slowly, but do not rise above pH 5.5 until at
least 30 minutes have elapsed. By contrast, fruit sugar, which causes the mouth's acidity to
fall to just above pH 4, poses a danger for a shorter period: tooth decay is unlikely 20 minutes
after consumption. Honey appears an even less risky substance. Though acidity falls to about
pH 4.75 within five minutes of consumption, it returns to above pH 5.5 in under fifteen
minutes.

The implications, then, are that people who insist on eating sweet foods should be aware of
the ingredients, and that fruit sugar or honey appear preferable to cane sugar.

6) The graphs below show the types of music albums purchased by

people in Britain according to s3x and age.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information
shown below.

You should write at least 150 words.

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

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model answer:

The three graphs provide an overview of the types of music people purchase in the UK.
At first glance we see that classical music is far less popular than pop or rock music.

While slightly more women than men buy pop music, the rock market is dominated by
men with 30% buying rock, compared to 17% of women. From the first graph we see
that interest in pop music is steady from age 16 to 44 with 20% of the population
continuing to buy pop CDs after the age of 45.

The interest in rock music reaches its peak among the 25 to 34 year olds, though it
never sells as well as pop. Interest also drops off after the age of 35 with an even
sharper fall from age 45 onwards, a pattern which is the opposite to the classical music
graph.

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