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Manning Roughness and Shear Stress Analysis

1. This document contains 4 problems related to sediment transport. The first problem involves deriving an expression for velocity profile and calculating velocities at different heights. The second determines Manning's roughness coefficient and shear stress for a trapezoidal channel. The third examines velocity profiles and parameters for dune and flat river beds. The fourth analyzes turbulent stress data from a culvert. 2. The second problem involves calculating Manning's n value and average shear stress for a trapezoidal irrigation channel based on flow rate, dimensions, slope, and water surface elevations. 3. For two river bed scenarios - one with dunes and one flat, the third problem requires determining depth, roughness height, shear velocity, average

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51 views2 pages

Manning Roughness and Shear Stress Analysis

1. This document contains 4 problems related to sediment transport. The first problem involves deriving an expression for velocity profile and calculating velocities at different heights. The second determines Manning's roughness coefficient and shear stress for a trapezoidal channel. The third examines velocity profiles and parameters for dune and flat river beds. The fourth analyzes turbulent stress data from a culvert. 2. The second problem involves calculating Manning's n value and average shear stress for a trapezoidal irrigation channel based on flow rate, dimensions, slope, and water surface elevations. 3. For two river bed scenarios - one with dunes and one flat, the third problem requires determining depth, roughness height, shear velocity, average

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cdracularocket
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CEE 474 Sediment transport Homework 2

1. Velocity Profile In the logarithmic equation for vertical velocity profile


0.8H
0.8d
y H
d
1 z
u( z ) = U + gHS f 1 + 2.3log10 0.4H
0.4d
H 0.2H
0.2d

a) Derive the above expression for u(z) in terms of the average velocity U from the
boundary layer equations given in class for a rough bottom. (Note that the empirically
derived constants will not cancel exactly).
b) Find the value of z/H at which the local velocity u, is equal to the mean velocity U.
c) Show that the average of the velocities at points which are 0.2H and 0.8H up from the
bottom is equal to the velocity at a point which is 0.4H from the bottom.

Note: These relations are actually used in field studies to simplify measurements of velocity.

2. Mannings n The following data were obtained in a study of the effect of plant growth on
the roughness of a trapezoidal concrete lined irrigation ditch.

Bottom width = 3.0 ft.


Side slopes 1:1
Discharge (steady) = 24 cfs (cubic feet per second)
Slope of channel bottom = 0.0040
Sta. 9100 ft Sta. 9553 ft (upstream)
Water surface elevation 875.13 ft 876.82 ft
Bottom elevation 872.56 ft

Find the value of the overall Manning roughness coefficient "n" and the average shear
stress on the boundary. Is this flow uniform? From the data, does it appear that plant
growth is a problem for this channel?
CEE 474 Sediment transport Homework 2

3. River dunes River beds often have sand ripples or dunes


which greatly increase their roughness. At other times when
discharge increases the dunes are washed out leaving a flat
bed. Typical values for the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor, f, Dunes, f = 0.070
are f1 = 0.070 for dunes and f2 = 0.018 for a flat bed. For a
given river, assume the hydraulic slope stays constant at So =
0.0014, the flow is uniform (in either the dune or the flat bed
state) and the unit discharge is constant at q = 0.60 m2/s.
Assume a water temperature of 10!C. Flat Bed, f = 0.018

For each case, find:


a) Depth, H
b) Equivalent sand grain roughness height ks
c) Shear velocity, u*
d) Cross-section averaged velocity , V
e) Froude Number
f) Reynolds Number
g) Thickness of the laminar sublayer (boundary layer), !

4. Turbulent stress Data from the center line of a culvert were acquired using an Acoustic
Doppler Velocimeter. They are in MATLAB format (a .mat file) and in excel. Both can be
downloaded from the class website -

The matlab file consists of a single .mat file with different variables for the u and v
velocities at each vertical point and a vector y with the heights. These variable can be
loaded into MATLAB by typing:
load CEE474_HW2 at the command prompt, as long as you have saved the file in your
current directory.
In the Excel file, the first 7 columns are the u velocities and the second 7 are the v
velocities. The heights are on the second sheet.
Notes: - Velocities are given in cm/s and height is in cm.
- These are data from a real turbulent channel, so they dont look exactly
like the theory we described.

a) Plot the vertical profile of mean velocity, u vs. y


b) Plot the laminar shear stress, tlam, at each point in the profile. Note that your calculation will
be different for the top and bottom points.
c) Plot the turbulent (Reynolds) stress at each point.
d) Plot the total shear stress at each point.
e) Plot the ratio of the laminar to the total shear stress at each point.

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