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CT Sizing for Transformer Protection

This document provides information and calculations for sizing current transformers (CTs) for transformer differential protection. It includes: 1. Symbols and units used in the calculations such as nominal voltage, system frequency, rated currents, impedance values, etc. 2. Design inputs such as system parameters, CT parameters, relay parameters. 3. Calculations for resistance of the secondary wires, rated transformer current, maximum through fault current, and CT sizing. The goal is to standardize the process for sizing CTs to provide differential protection for power transformers based on system design values and transformer specifications. Calculations are shown to determine required CT ratings.

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148 views34 pages

CT Sizing for Transformer Protection

This document provides information and calculations for sizing current transformers (CTs) for transformer differential protection. It includes: 1. Symbols and units used in the calculations such as nominal voltage, system frequency, rated currents, impedance values, etc. 2. Design inputs such as system parameters, CT parameters, relay parameters. 3. Calculations for resistance of the secondary wires, rated transformer current, maximum through fault current, and CT sizing. The goal is to standardize the process for sizing CTs to provide differential protection for power transformers based on system design values and transformer specifications. Calculations are shown to determine required CT ratings.

Uploaded by

flyzal
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • System Calculations
  • Design Inputs
  • Assumptions
  • Symbols & Units
  • Purpose and Scope
  • Reference Standards
  • Knee Point Voltage Calculation
  • Result

1 of 34

1.0.0 SYMBOLS & UNITS

U Nominal Voltage kV
f System Supply Frequency Hz
Ipn Rated Primary CT Current A
Isn Rated Secondary CT Current A
Ir Rated Current of the Protection IED A
Isc Primary Short Circuit Current A
kVb Base Voltage kV
MVAb Base MVA MVA
l Single conductor length from CT to Relay m
A Cross Sectional Area of Conductor mm2
Rct Secondary Resistance of the CT
Eal Rated equivalent secondary e.m.f of CT V
Ealreq Maximum of the required e.m.f V
Int Rated Primary current of the Power Transformer A
Itf Max. primary fundamental frequency current that passes two main CT's and the power transformer A
Vk Minimum required knee point voltage V

2.0.0 DESIGN INPUTS

2.1.1 System Parameters

Nominal System Voltage Vsys : 400 kV

System Supply Frequency f : 50 Hz

Primary Short Circuit Current ISC : 40 kA

Primary winding voltage UPN : 400 kV

Secondary winding voltage USN : 220 kV

Rated Power of the transformer SN : 100 MVA

Impedance voltage at rated current as a percentage uz : 12.5 %


Refer IS 2026 (Part I) - 1977, Table-3, Pg-9

Transformer Impedance at Negative tap of 0.9 %Zlt : 11.25 %

2.1.2 CT Parameters

CT's on HV Side or LV Side LV Side

CT Ratio

Selected Tap-HV Side IPN-HV : 2000 A

Selected Tap-LV Side IPN-LV : 600 A

Nominal Secondary Current ISN : 1 A

CT Secondary Winding Resistance-HV Side RCT-HV : 5

CT Secondary Winding Resistance-LV Side RCT-LV : 10

CT Lead Details

Maximum operating temperature of Copper wires 0


C : 20 0
C

Single conductor length from HV side CT to Relay lHV : 360 m

Single conductor length from LV side CT to Relay lLV : 300 m

Number of runs of conductor n : 1

Cross Sectional Area of Conductor A : 2.5 mm2


2 of 34

Unit AC Lead Resistance rL : #NAME?

2.1.3 Relay Parameters

Relay Make : AREVA

Relay Model : #NAME?

Rated burden of the protection IED SR : #NAME? VA

Rated current of the protection IED IR : 1 A

Resistance of the protection IED Rrelay : SR / IR2

: #NAME?

: #NAME?

Design factor : 1.2


LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
ECC Division - EDRC
DOCUMENT NO DATE
PROJECT STANDARDIZATION OF CT SIZING CALCULATION
S0000-E-IE-GE-DC- 05.07.08
PREPARED CHECKED SHEET
TITLE TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
SANS AKL
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
ECC Division - EDRC
DOCUMENT NO DATE
PROJECT STANDARDIZATION OF CT SIZING CALCULATION
S0000-E-IE-GE-DC- 05.07.08
PREPARED CHECKED SHEET
TITLE TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
SANS AKL

2.0.0 SYSTEM CALCULATIONS

2.1.1 Resistance of the secondary wire Rlead : (2*rL*l)/1000

: #NAME?

: #NAME?

2.1.2 Resistance of the secondary wire and additional load Rb' : Rlead + Rrelay

: #NAME?

: #NAME?

2.1.3 Transformer full load current, FLC : Trafo. Rating/[sqrt(3) x Vsys]

: 100MVA / [1.732 x 400kV]

: 144.34 A

Therefore, Rated primary current of the power transformer Int : 144.34 A

2.1.4 Calculation of maximum through fault current, Itf : Fault MVA / [sqrt(3) x Vsys]
Where,

Fault MVA : Trafo. Rating / % Imp. at Lowest tap

: 100 / 0.1125

: 888.889 MVA

Therefore, Maximum through fault current Itf-max : 888.889*10^6 / [1.732 x 220*10^3]

: 2332.73 A
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
ECC Division - EDRC
DOCUMENT NO DATE
PROJECT STANDARDIZATION OF CT SIZING CALCULATION
S0000-E-IE-GE-DC- 05.07.08
PREPARED CHECKED SHEET
TITLE TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
SANS AKL

CT SIZING CALCULATION
DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
ECC Division - EDRC
DOCUMENT NO DATE
PROJECT STANDARDIZATION OF CT SIZING CALCULATION
S0000-E-IE-GE-DC- 05.07.08
PREPARED CHECKED SHEET
TITLE TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
SANS AKL

INDEX
0.0.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE 3

1.0.0 SYMBOLS & UNITS 3

2.0.0 REFERENCE STANDARDS 3

3.0.0 ASSUMPTIONS 3

4.0.0 DESIGN INPUTS 4

5.0.0 CALCULATION 4

6.0.0 RESULT 5
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
ECC Division - EDRC
DOCUMENT NO DATE
PROJECT STANDARDIZATION OF CT SIZING CALCULATION
S0000-E-IE-GE-DC- 05.07.08
PREPARED CHECKED SHEET
TITLE TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
SANS AKL

0.0.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE


The purpose of this document is to select proper CT Sizing Calculation for Differential Protection

1.0.0 SYMBOLS & UNITS


Eal Rated equivalent secondary e.m.f of CT V
Ealreq Maximum of the required e.m.f V
IPN CT Primary current A
ISN Nominal Secondary current A
SR Burden of protection IED VA
IR Rated current of the protection IED A
RL Resistance of Secondary wire and additional load
Int Rated Primary current of the Power Transformer A
Itf Max. primary fundamental frequency current that
A
passes two main CT's and the power transformer

2.0.0 REFERENCE STANDARDS


IEC 60044-1
IEC 60044-6

3.0.0 ASSUMPTIONS
NA
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
ECC Division - EDRC
DOCUMENT NO DATE
PROJECT STANDARDIZATION OF CT SIZING CALCULATION
S0000-E-IE-GE-DC- 05.07.08
PREPARED CHECKED SHEET
TITLE TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
SANS AKL
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
ECC Division - EDRC
DOCUMENT NO DATE
PROJECT STANDARDIZATION OF CT SIZING CALCULATION
S0000-E-IE-GE-DC- 05.07.08
PREPARED CHECKED SHEET
TITLE TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
SANS AKL

4.0.0 KNEE POINT VOLTAGE CALCULATION

Condition: 1
Rated equivalent secondary e.m.f. of CT, Eal Ealreq
Eal : {30*Int*Isn/Ipn}*{RCT+Rb'}

: #NAME?

: #NAME? V

Condition: 2
Rated equivalent secondary e.m.f. of CT, Eal Ealreq
Eal : {2*Itf*Isn/Ipn}*{RCT+Rb'}

: #NAME?

: #NAME? V

Rated Knee point e.m.f., Eknee : Eal/1.2

: #NAME?

: #NAME? V

5.0.0 RESULT

5.1.1 Relay make ABB

5.1.2 Relay type RET670

5.1.3 Selected tap 2000 A

5.1.4 Nominal Secondary Current 1 A

5.1.5 Cross Sectional Area of Conductor 2.5 mm2

5.1.6 Knee Point Voltage #NAME? V


LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
ECC Division - EDRC
DOCUMENT NO DATE
PROJECT STANDARDIZATION OF CT SIZING CALCULATION
S0000-E-IE-GE-DC- 05.07.08
PREPARED CHECKED SHEET
TITLE TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
SANS AKL

CT SIZING CALCULATION

DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
ECC Division - EDRC
DOCUMENT NO DATE
PROJECT STANDARDIZATION OF CT SIZING CALCULATION
S0000-E-IE-GE-DC- 05.07.08
PREPARED CHECKED SHEET
TITLE TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
SANS AKL

INDEX

0.0.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE 3

1.0.0 SYMBOLS & UNITS 3

2.0.0 REFERENCE STANDARDS 3

3.0.0 ASSUMPTIONS 3

4.0.0 DESIGN INPUTS 4

5.0.0 CALCULATION 4

6.0.0 RESULT 5
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
ECC Division - EDRC
DOCUMENT NO DATE
PROJECT STANDARDIZATION OF CT SIZING CALCULATION
S0000-E-IE-GE-DC- 05.07.08
PREPARED CHECKED SHEET
TITLE TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
SANS AKL

0.0.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

The purpose of this document is to select proper CT Sizing Calculation for Overcurrent Protection

1.0.0 SYMBOLS & UNITS

Vk Minimum required knee point Voltage V


Ipn CT Primary current A
Isn Nominal Secondary current A
SR Burden of protection IED VA
IR Rated current of the protection IED A
Rlead Resistance of Secondary wire and additional load
Rrelay Relay burden
l Single conductor length from CT to relay m
A Area of cross section of conductor mm2

2.0.0 REFERENCE STANDARDS

IEC 60044-1
IEC 60044-6

3.0.0 ASSUMPTIONS

NA
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
ECC Division - EDRC
DOCUMENT NO DATE
PROJECT STANDARDIZATION OF CT SIZING CALCULATION
S0000-E-IE-GE-DC- 05.07.08
PREPARED CHECKED SHEET
TITLE TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
SANS AKL

4.0.0 DESIGN INPUTS

Sn-HV Connected burden on HV side CT : 10 VA


Sn-LV Connected burden on LV side CT : 5 VA
Rb Rated resistive burden : 5 VA
KSSC Rated symmetrical Short Circuit Current Factor : 20
Ktd Transient Dimensioning Factor : 3
( For Transformer, Busbar & Line )

5.0.0 KNEE POINT VOLTAGE CALCULATION

5.1.1 Maximum symmetical short-circuit current, ISCCmax([Link]) : SN/(SQRT(3)*U*uz)

: 100*10^3 / (SQRT(3)*220*0.125)

: 2099.46 A

5.1.5 Required symmetrical short-circuit current factor, K'SSC : Ktd*ISCCmax([Link])/Ipn

: 3*2099.46/600

: 10

5.1.6 Effective symmetrical short-circuit current factor, K'SSC : KSSC*(RCT+Rb) / (RCT+R'b)

: #NAME?

: #NAME?

5.1.7 Minimum required knee point voltage, Vk = Ktd.(ISCCmax([Link])/1.3*Ipn)*(RCT+R'b)*Isn

Vk = #NAME? : #NAME? V
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
ECC Division - EDRC
DOCUMENT NO DATE
PROJECT STANDARDIZATION OF CT SIZING CALCULATION
S0000-E-IE-GE-DC- 05.07.08
PREPARED CHECKED SHEET
TITLE TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
SANS AKL

6.0.0 RESULT

6.1.1 Relay make SIEMENS

6.1.2 Relay type 7UT613

6.1.3 Selected tap 2000 A

6.1.4 Nominal Secondary Current 1 A

6.1.5 Cross Sectional Area of Conductor 2.5 mm2

6.1.6 Knee Point Voltage #NAME? V


LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
ECC Division - EDRC
DOCUMENT NO DATE
PROJECT STANDARDIZATION OF CT SIZING CALCULATION
S0000-E-IE-GE-DC- 05.07.08
PREPARED CHECKED SHEET
TITLE TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
SANS AKL

CT SIZING CALCULATION

DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
ECC Division - EDRC
DOCUMENT NO DATE
PROJECT STANDARDIZATION OF CT SIZING CALCULATION
S0000-E-IE-GE-DC- 05.07.08
PREPARED CHECKED SHEET
TITLE TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
SANS AKL

INDEX

0.0.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE 3

1.0.0 SYMBOLS & UNITS 3

2.0.0 REFERENCE STANDARDS 3

3.0.0 ASSUMPTIONS 3

4.0.0 DESIGN INPUTS 4

5.0.0 CALCULATION 4

6.0.0 RESULT 5
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
ECC Division - EDRC
DOCUMENT NO DATE
PROJECT STANDARDIZATION OF CT SIZING CALCULATION
S0000-E-IE-GE-DC- 05.07.08
PREPARED CHECKED SHEET
TITLE TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
SANS AKL

0.0.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

The purpose of this document is to select proper CT Sizing Calculation for Overcurrent Protection

1.0.0 SYMBOLS & UNITS

Vk Minimum required knee point Voltage V


Ipn CT Primary current A
Isn Nominal Secondary current A
SR Burden of protection IED VA
IR Rated current of the protection IED A
Rlead Resistance of Secondary wire and additional load
Rrelay Relay burden
l Single conductor length from CT to relay m
A Area of cross section of conductor mm2

2.0.0 REFERENCE STANDARDS

IEC 60044-1
IEC 60044-6

3.0.0 ASSUMPTIONS

NA
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
ECC Division - EDRC
DOCUMENT NO DATE
PROJECT STANDARDIZATION OF CT SIZING CALCULATION
S0000-E-IE-GE-DC- 05.07.08
PREPARED CHECKED SHEET
TITLE TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
SANS AKL

4.0.0 DESIGN INPUTS

X/RHV Transformer X/R Ratio-HV Side = 20

X/RLV Transformer X/R Ratio-LV Side = 17

5.0.0 KNEE POINT VOLTAGE CALCULATION

5.1.5 Minimum required knee point voltage

Phase fault differential protection, Vk 0.14*(If * X/R)*(RCT+Rb')*ISN/IPN

#NAME?

#NAME? V

6.0.0 RESULT

6.1.1 Relay make AREVA

6.1.2 Relay type MICOMP633

6.1.3 Selected tap 2000 A

6.1.4 Nominal Secondary Current 1 A

6.1.5 Cross Sectional Area of Conductor 2.5 mm2

6.1.6 Knee Point Voltage #NAME? V

1 of 34 1.0.0 SYMBOLS & UNITS U Nominal Voltage kV f System Supply Frequency Hz Rated Primary CT Current A Rated Secondar
2 of 34 Unit AC Lead Resistance : #NAME? Ω 2.1.3 Relay Parameters Relay Make : AREVA Relay Model : #NAME? Rated burden of
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED ECC Division - EDRC PROJECT STANDARDIZATION OF CT SIZING CALCULATION DOCUMENT NO DATE S0000-E-IE-GE
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED ECC Division - EDRC PROJECT STANDARDIZATION OF CT SIZING CALCULATION DOCUMENT NO DATE S0000-E-IE-GE
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED ECC Division - EDRC PROJECT STANDARDIZATION OF CT SIZING CALCULATION DOCUMENT NO DATE S0000-E-IE-GE
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED ECC Division - EDRC PROJECT STANDARDIZATION OF CT SIZING CALCULATION DOCUMENT NO DATE S0000-E-IE-GE
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED ECC Division - EDRC PROJECT STANDARDIZATION OF CT SIZING CALCULATION DOCUMENT NO DATE S0000-E-IE-GE
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED ECC Division - EDRC PROJECT STANDARDIZATION OF CT SIZING CALCULATION DOCUMENT NO DATE S0000-E-IE-GE

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