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Microprocessor Full Hand Made Notes

hand made notes of mpi for ku and mdu university :)

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Avries Corvin
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2K views151 pages

Microprocessor Full Hand Made Notes

hand made notes of mpi for ku and mdu university :)

Uploaded by

Avries Corvin
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
MN at : Dote: 19-01-40 MICROPROCESSOR’: Te to a demiconduclore dovice which eqascate of, segic. manu facured ing LST om VLSI Jechno: copable Le shea deed quot Hey ase on . oe é St too. mult purpose pea eeaneee dogic dayice Aa» road tnuimuctions fom & device colled mammary » ecaple Unaey [Link] 21p and prow The data. od pen dhe Srtrnction 8S provide Tie result an dp + APPLICATIONS = 9 4 4+ Teafic Ligho: cement yeti, a& Tempenalart, contro! fm blast furnace coviirol in alpen molore ; = Rolling diop! ce j ee ie “Electeonic oppliantes + used tn DSP Ursdinmnobile, phoned - } UA ta, nano technology VT. oy : | Uxtd in. pecbare, Sick? O0'-C:-45S _ bp Oued tq auitémolbiles © i f Evotution = — sods Ink Goods = 4 be a- Int qo4o - 4bit 3- Intl 2008 - ght q- Telit 9080 - 8 bit 6. Talal “8085 -'s' bik G- Trt 8086 - 16 bitin! T- Inkeh 80186 ~ 16 vit rt Se athe 3 a Trt 20ake - BQ vit 16 br (M0- of addrew Lint ia au) q- InGl 80386 - 32 bir aS vy | Oo. tral 80486 - 32 bit nt 08 . VEqpeneeF 38 ( Ande aad ee - SS Se 2 Leaiay & bb Pertinun ” a) — — = a, | ARCHITECTURE OF 3085: 1-01-40 Fealines of 2085: 9 wos developed by NMOS dedanology - 1- 94% a 8-bit proauan- a. operecling freq. ia 3- 5 Mile. Bot oe Sv DC supply. a 4: Had 46 acne bus , hence The memory liye f al® eel e4ike . 5 Sk haa 80 differat instructions ; GuA Ok hao 246, code machina cole / Hex-code Opcods”~ opertottiona! code: I~ The clock. eyete. partiaak 15. entree = Spee + operand 3203 nanovec - (Empscay)’ (optional) Celocte exper] Tras | reget | T Here. QM the dotasare in hexq-decimak forum - 8. Ht ia’ 40-pin DEP EC> packaging: (pre = Duak 7GiPexkag'ag) ey n Artleticliins + Satowl, The whole. architictune Costes uo FALU C Arithmetic Jogie Unit) Ey i 3 Regi, Ch 5 iz epiiars Cay 7 7 oe a aly i Tia uni to Capable ding ol degcat& erithinalscoh opecaitond ike add”, putatrrac” logic and, “logic oR , XOR, increment, decremnt > shift night, dhift deft oh. 8085 to not copoble 16 See directly SN e te down have a) specific intaruse”. 3. Viening & Control Unit : Ht gensstatee & Gorlrol si cohich ane neceys [ feo the Cem ong Potrtina rm ind The. vortious” Ai ome. tt 3 C) dow Cerk) @ ee —@) Raleoin — CReaclloan) 9% ta an odkive dew Atgnak. an PIERRE EEY, ao 106 By Sy eee Ty ot i 13% pissy ye a athe “ q Q. bed y t 13538 d } Trp 3 zs Inawnnut | FUNCTIONAL BLOCK piagene | { 808s Microprocessor * @ @) (s) 1) Q) ® (y Wr (wre) (ie) ALE CAddnets Latch Enable) 9 So, 54 Hold To / memory RESET IN RESET our This unit covtnols The data flee bet” micno-prowsor 8 the peripheral davies x SAAS ea? Sonal Kiel which ane Required fos the operation & execution f ony instruchion . . + Rebistera? — Ht Grctwvice whith aleres bin z Co fous Typed SAceumubolir s (A= Reginttue) =) 9t oan. 8° bik magi ouwode enoualid Io ALU- ~ 94 to ured during eretution of a pro ppeeperg fase = 9 holda one of athe opertand| ae ong arithmetic | logical, openshion - or logical ~ Whin anttametic ,open™ is performed , tae Finoh vel of Ane opr” 2 Atored in the accumulator by default = Ot to always act aa oa Tp to ALD - a GPR om \s _ Ta 8095 ; Bune one © g-bir GES = The ane 8,¢,D, E,HoL - 1e = To handel 46-bit g deta, She 6 Gers ane combined as | B-c, D-E A H-L- t — The H-L pace to wed ad ao mmo = powlin . St holds The 16 bit ddanen of ony memory beige ~ These nag’ stone are tec fox general parpote ad daetned bby the, Programurt- 3- Torunctin Rapittor Cre): ~ 8 > a Bb register - ~ 2 holele Avia “Optode. q ay crete” whitch to gong Te be dacodetl oy exdeubid - = =A eo partbigh ALU = bem 9 Cry EP th CF ST 1) - 2b alo Gukd etlta area magic dad _—-84._works on LIFO prow - = The open” & form compared te The normal storage f cata in mumory low. ony ny = Detin meh a program E40 -pometioned neers le Tie corlent teretaia, regiMins become that veges 2 aaquined fer some OMhut opr” in tre mulosequent MEPs - Than the. connt pach: veg Mera can be wotoved in on asiignad / predefined oeiseT doc’ known ad Stack + ~ We pf Tie otace © brawn 20 utack Jap - . = Stack pointe ta a 46-bit paginlen which hatdd The addeesss f di, tack Jap. f quate, = a rr A ho) Lo 85°""Jan'Io S- PROGRAM COUNTER: (Pc). ~ 0 0 16 bit regia A holds Tre addew of The next tnttrue” which a aor noua 7 eee > Microprocucs Fetcnus an iste? fom menor , trenton tt Jochen ine saat 9 PC each Sine: | 6 FLAG ReqisteR/ stTATUS REGISTER ~ Ot oo 8-bit rugivan: ce. 8 flipflops ane tena > Out of The 8 FFs 9 FFs ara used de thow Dre various atalino The actenutelen after any anitheretic ot logical opercstiion portforemed Da Rs Ds Dy bg D2 Dy De : Sign ene |x no] « |e ICY foritg} fennny) —— Vorioas sralias Flags: Se 3 DS canny flag . D2 Panthy fay E= De Zao Flag D9. Sign, flag Dp Rect llarey carry fag Ds, 03,Pa > Tnackive 4. Flag: The flag | bik we wet bo + eedicalia a bit ws young ater, © any antinenstic | logical. pet”. Ese Anin VC to wet SB ovo. Q+ Porily Flog : The partly fiag Po vot te 1} She valt J ong ehente ge pert” a enn e-f 1 ere i tk % wil Ie oro an 9- ound yi This flag ote 1 if ang a 7 Prop agoting from 30d bit Jo 4M pit dusting any anitnmalic [ oe ee Cds) (dy) Dy & os By bz Pa Pr PO Here no ct from D3 eg: O40 B08. 8 1d fo Dy, Hane ACTO- + 6608 Cole ter 00900 hae 8 4 Zeno flag : Tis Hag to set to 4 if the conn ff atusmudaby is OOH after wns anithmdlic ( logicak apr’ to percformed - Bon oe o o1o01 Here Geceumulotey content is Gm o ttt not zero —” 1: TEMPORARY REGISTER ¢ a = Wis a BORE ceagi, auedolid J ALU ord it noida The dota, Soe Pediatr os dogical opatalion ae _- ote Fas A te promot not tp user - BASIC OPERATION oF gogs : The boric 5 operations ane , 1+ Fetch < Fetching of an Tnttrue” 3 Mamony React: Talking a data from marmow ee* Read 3. wrett > wrile dota inp 4 Fo Terad : Reading data fom 2/0 levees - 5- Lo wi = Wrile adota ilo Tp 6 Op device: INSTRUCTIONS. GF $og5): — Tyree” % & command fo a procomos So perform certain opertations. ap bik date 9 se bie aActieush ie Sian Fic! fe Lice Gh Ve Tidus (ot maemory ddddedh 4 16! TYPES OF INSTRUCTIONS ACCORDING To WwoRD SIZE: According Yo The werd sip. $025 Gutruetiond art catagetied in 3 Bens rites Sh bgt Tattrnctina - avg byte a7 byfe 2 aa (a) 4- Invtrusctiong : The opcode. and openanc of iastrasc”™ token, 1-bytt er Spock, then it © called a-bge inttrusc” . eg: (MOVE AS B cennd “ADD Fila: Ccontine of B to added io content Ff accumuat ADD OM () 2 byl Tatructionn: Tn a a-byte intractio’ the 14t byt Aperifies The opeada £ nd bye spoct fies the cpenand eshich = bea data os addres - ‘ Ae MvI B, 72H Hera MvTWe@, 9 opcode Ag H at operand Fetch: a =a © are (eg: eta po = Bontag ai opereatian Sune ene 5 Types of satires 5 4. Deta Transfer group a. Aniinmelic 4 Vagic grouP 3- Logical group: 4. Branch Cortical group 5. 2. Fla machine. contro group Bi. {RJ — Ry ¢g: Mov A,B Ped ReGisser add [Link]/ng’made Te conlut of ea gow to Ry Here operation ia o- Feten - gt da one toate” . oe T-4totes fa 4 eee ei: : aot 4 ptr) a movea to register ov B, mE Dna freee —o aeem pune rites reek [Link] Mashing tye io a. OperaGen % fetch and eres conte, gels eT # Dhdtreer add-xessing Ode 1-byt duéruc”. : @ eda, ri tang Daas a ere ‘ Mv 8, 55H x PDempdeate adtvess'os) mp, Word uije 2- bye Machin. eyele - 2 Spuralion — foren, memory vead po Noof Tarots = 4439-27 (® \uvi M5 dota | move immedi Te’ 8-bir data Jo ii el machine cele = 3 “d 4 open” = fetch, memong "read » mRiiig wrid (Fetch 4 MR MW) word Wg = @ byl No- qf T-Malng = 10 (44343) ) [ext rp, addeers (1¢bIr) datal: Load the HH pact ragitler pate | with the 16 bit data. eg: LxI HW 1G0DH > addaus (H means HL pata) LxI Ge 26004 — data Lar Dp 2o00K1 CB means BC pact) CD meana 0E pain) #& Iminideare ~ Word ijee= [Link] 4 ~ Not of machina eyttes --3 ~ Operation - Feteheriaerd vead , gern vlad TY Memory, amo | apedde eg: LXT Hy 4360H toe asorf"OOH (50) 0 0 ama| 43H Case) The 88 pant f the 16 bie data te. do alas bes ite ~~ nagiMGr Land She MSB part Ze. 43H wih be tered at regintir SH! ( [OR waa: Load The content of mumeny doe lirietyy on The ateumulalor yr - LDA , 5500H Fetch operotien = fetch rR +uR+ MR Machine yee = 4 Word si fe = 3 oytis Eaten = 13 = dae operation i fetch - ~ Then 2 MR open"s Ip read The addrey ti. S500H ~ Then ont move mR oper” Js vead the data fe. 4TH Present in Tin enero jot” 5500H - Direct oddvessing” mone [Bray atau] Stove the content af dceumulates in the specified mumony Jac” given to The. inttrise”- Machine aye. oe operation = fetch, UR, MR, MW Word Kye = 3 byte T ttote = 13 oe x Diver ° Go) [LHLO Feaddread|t Zp no «& < : Peer e WOT e S . 1 Load The HL- pole directly g: LALO Qg06H Ot indicitig the content of agony wilh be thoved in Lond the cofllant of agoiH will be stoved in “Hl bg deface * St indice urn esnink x rbmory lec" agonn will goto sagistor CU ke eo of runt mamovy loc? ¢e. asain cil f 9 go meginan ere [asoon] > L [25018] vet = =f Maching welt = 5 operation = fetch, mR UR, ue, UR Degiben 25h | T-stolig = 16. = 4 Kb Ne [SHLD addrets] s von Stone tre HL pain ire: 29: SHLD 4500H St UL tome Ire content f ‘Ll? to tre et loo” given in tht ce? itself § Sn. conent of “a> Dis Ged eons Memory lock . [LJ] — 4scar (Hd => 1H wt Gee eae EDs, 2 Ss. = 45H LoaX ee a aley Jun ie will doad dhe conlant af SIS Gate accumu Wordwaife = 4 byte Machine uycle = & apination = foteh + Ma T- mola = 7 43. [STAX fp The content aceumuloter hore addres va will go te the memory loc” whore oddness % gn in tre vegan pain - 2g: STAR , DE wordsize - 4. Machine eycle — 2 ope? — Fetch + MW TMolks = 7 > Aritnnutic Great ug & 44 [ADDR]? Add Bip continr of ey ADD Bb 1s, [BSH Coal Sncl Coinelep hail 2 Bin NE apopnaiten and 4ne reyatt will be dtoved in accumuloarr - word Mie = 1 bye Machint (yok = 2 Open” = ferth +MR T-moly = T 5 ‘ wD te ac. [ADC Ri]: Ada tre contink of agily wills Or eS ceumulator & revalt of tne opr” 14 Moved a bord ige = 4 byte Moos 4 open? = fetch i tf ptotyns 4 it [ADEM]: dd tne content of memory toc with cowry Jo he 4 Ottumuates § vrove the melt in actumulotor- word wize = 1 byt Maching ayele = 2 5 Opervotion “= fetch + MR T- 4kote = 7 4g. [Ar datal?(fbiz) Add immediatly Jiu data win aceumualir - Word sige = a bylis M-cgde = a open” = fetch ma Te thos > 7 me ADI ie LG ba r Gung On GS LT 1D open” = Fetth +MREMR — Word sie = 4 byle ai: [SUB A]: Subtnact The conkint fie fro aceumlotor and. olored The remit foe eo %: suB B pends Lee Lote ao 2 +[ sos MJ: Subinock the Retulaek of arnt Leese er Ba De aise “aia A Gu ete cen ete pee = = kin Fk fe! enotes_In ee Subtract evmidiotaly a, deta, Ah bervewe acuumulatoy Pegi & byte Moching eye = operation = feton + MR T-AMohs = 7 - ov [ana]? Inert ie contant: of vaginie eB 2° word ie = 2 marking yde = 4 Oper” = Fetch Takobe = 4 Word sige = 4 Matching aycle = 3 operc® = toe a T-mMotia = 10 -aq.[beR__ J: Decrement The coviant i ragisior bg 1+ wordatje 1 maching acl. = 1 —- fan T= Atotio = 4 word aig = 4 fa eg INK #4 ok Bae ee e575 45 00 word tye = 4 bye Machéne Gees open® = fetch Temata = 6 (exceptional cae ) STS OE Leen oC eS T a8. [ENR MU]: Tneewmunt Du confant of memory dec” by 4 - Nn aa-[DOX tpl? Decrament The en of eaginin pe oj : rr 3 Logical Group : t eon Be 33- [ANA rt]: The content Vegi aS. howe an ‘and’ open” with he, convent Attumutatae - Worl wie = d byte Machina cgele = a Opwratiien = Fetch T-atala = 4 34-[ANA_H]: Tie conlank of witmimy Jot” wit awe an is open” with ateumulotar word size = 2 byte Moching de 2 operation =Pebens MR T-moms = 7) 25-(AN ah foros tie data oth aetumulotoy eMiord ot = 3! Machin ey cli s Speer = T-stolis EacGAT eno&es Tn “ie T. Aton = 4 Madkine oyde = 1 Speration. = Fath . oloy at dgefoedeg Orta hth Tra, conbento ef memnng word wiye = thyle Madkine oycle = a opustion S F2MR =oaealeo, Se amas oesd with The ¢-bit dalla. fn tee _ tered in. accumubalir - word. wife = 2 eyta apes oe Machine eyo = & ee aq. [RRA] : Re contents of the veguiTiy ant roRed with actumuldlar ae de Modhing Gporddion ° = rey Tstoles = 4 go: [RRA]! Tvteles = Jt Ine contint of acuumudol poe anes Ma = Ine. fr Cesk 4 PC lomdiols Ot, T 1D 43. [EME]: Complement The cony wtolis - Tha cony flag oli get complamanted white The ota fags word wize = Machine. yok = 1 a Te stole = 4 operatian™= Féten : 2 Set Tin corey abalua fag This w det to “1 after She intinuc” io excuiled- word ize = 1 byte Machine gels 1 T- Mots = 4 4 Opevolin = Fetch f “S- [GHP R): Compare tu regivin confine ait” accumulate Word ize = 4 Machine Cycle = 2 Sporation = Fetch Testols = 4 4e- [emp ua]: Compare She content of he ancl wiekty Word wtye = 4 Joe machine. cyek me Operation = Fateh +MQ T-stolha*= 47-| Re |; Ret aceumulalor eft Lecturenote: LD 0° 4 a0l10001 © O11Q0010 Word. atye = 5 Madhine tyele = 1 Operation = Fetch RR G]: Rotati aceumubolor night - Alen Thin instruc” oweilids Ine 0% bik f *A’ move to te. cony bik, od wal ad ts tre Th bit. cae © 1o0ooo101 00010 1 11090 (SEY + Rotel. accumulator Jeft through oe After tua tamruc” exceed, tre 1th pet of Ine accumulates moved to cont ed Sn ety bit moves te the geroth bit - eg: a 1 1oso Clee 41 00001014 ° B a eo ues A 4.1, OTe 6 Oe Ge) et ¢e a Word age = Madhing eyee = 1 Operation ‘= Fateh Ttane = 4 dota]: Corpawre dnwediols with atuunubolor word wige = a byes Machine ele 29 T-thata = 7 ae re, ——_ Branch Cordrtol Group: The tntructing of thes BOP change Tu nownel wequence fer” J me program: Rude em 8 ped gf bronsh ae i) conditional ff) Uncondsvenak 4+ Conditimol + Tals intr? changes Tht normal sequence open when the apeeifreal een given tn The Eatinac” 22 watistied - 8 Unconditional > This iatruac” tromfen the program Sp the given dove uncondtie » Tie. Various branch -control intnuc™ ang 2 Dap ‘Tuerp CINP) 5 Cath CCALL) , neting cret) ik UnéondtHienal arn Lys mc =3 a" y 8 rec lrre totes Tn + conditicral jump + After eututin f the eonditenol jurP daytresc”, Tie pBogram jumps to the. foktrasc” specified Bn WO corddews Jevel. f Oe vpecified cond” co watt fest - Ww i of tee The conditional jurnp will dale 3 machine, egote : cond io True (l0-1) and ip tales a mackineeyeu 1) if tre cond” to folie - Bom) = F+MRseR acme) = FaAMRon Tre various conditional Jerps one: ‘ IM SPE JPO Cz: CNz f cp * f ‘ema ti CPEs Hf cond” a» addrwys Jewel > Jump if vuult gero - addres Jove: Jump jf veut to not Zero. address devel > Jump if ruwt has a addnin devel : Jump if merlt had no cory adders Javel + Jump if The result to pattie addrays devil: addr ev, Adena Javel > Tumnp if result had odd Unconditional coll: ONC ¢ Call ably ma areey Col om gro Glee wepe colk on portrve sommes con on sonal Jump if Die netutt io wagetive Jump if result hos evan "saa Ee: Goril aks enotes- Ip tall Unconditional @aien + Tha program dequinca ty transferred. frem the © dubening. 55 Re calting program: To indiruschion & wltd. tn conjunc” with CALL ox conditional CALL indTnuds - Word igo = 4 Machine, Gyelts = 3 Spuration = Fetch +9Me+ MR Tatetu = 19 Conditional Qctuva y Te condition a Inu , Mocking cyele = operation T- “totes Tf te PEST ae» Macking Gye = 3 poration = Fetch oR, TT -Atatey, peer nae seciaen on Po - = See reno Fes..1n Rélien on pari even, Retin on pi odd Flo and. Machine Cerlret Group > eg: IN om, % indteotis, She Tip 16 ie ee fam a To port who addnen co givin: The data oveil Gh port oddaeis will move fo tre Getumubates - Word. ate = 2byle Machint. yele 23 Sporotin = F +2 read + to read T-stalg = 10 DUT pont ccdres (g-oit]|: St indteain feat iy Wil move te The port addnen gin in 4 ane @: our TSH Word wig = a byte Machine yele = 3 Ctittolas = aver, mz mc) 2 Auth Tia conting of sugiMlor, acuumubaler, program courier Jo atock . ag. RUSH mp. The conor of agile pate mave 15 Back Word 8 4 byl TAtols = [rau]: Step ie ea pails Word wie = 4 byte me s1 oP = Fetch Texts = 4 7 i Exchange It stack Top, weth HL palin covet he's SRE SS Tuto: 160 [se] aL fee oe SI op = > Fetch + Mes tins madentiy Z [GrhJ—u & TB toe coat of pale stack sot Wosd wig = 4 Mesa op = F Bo teeta 38 = No. opertattion BEATS TBs SPER AB SUE IE Word - Jie = 4 me -4 _ OP a F T-sbaty =: 4 TE: emote te, cabirrat PoorTeairme DO FEST) ————— 38 BUS ARCHITECTURE OF 8085 % coc ADDRESS GOS i MEMORY canigol Gt Bud STnuctere ) : Sh iz = es — de Data Be aw Riddaay Bud 4 Control Bus 4<"ADDRESS GUS: 3 = Tae be fom cpu 5, "éD0 tes Lp = pP uted basic opwrotions - > Tdealificatin Asc S sinifeain Y a put doe” Cee. Mo) - 8085 can cddnen opts at6 = CuK of menor vpate-cith a Piactting oddrats) COOGH 46. FFFFH - a- DATA Bus: > 9k & 0 group g-linws ued 35 transfer deta be prociey and Peprunal os Ynamoy davis th both te din?- = 94 te dy bt-dineelionol - CPv uso data bus for Sas dota. - = ie deta. vonge % prem oot Fru. F —— te 3- CONTROL Bus = — 9t contivte g vortioud single bus that carta yortioud Agnchrenitod: fon. Aignols ani Sanity signals - ~ Sk to unidirectional - ~ 2% provide a pulse ty indicali vorrfous CPU opert?: PIN DIAGRAM OF 8085 : a BSR Eiit) OF 008 4o pin of 8085 ane edlagorinad fn 6 groups - 4+ Addney bua a- Dota bus 3- Coribral & Statua Atgnol 4. fowut Kappy “and) freausney wignal 5. & nikita stgndt 6 Stal tp ond Olp pore 4+ Addrew bus + =Tehos 16 bit addrey bus- - Te ping arte Ad, to Ady Az AiS- = Cub of Shere AG pind , Due F ms@ big z-2° By & As Ste orly for coreying addr chanson The £ bso bits ces Mb,te Rey oddress dota.- a. Déto Bud's ~ Woe known as multiplexed addres bus + ~ Tre dota pond ore Ap, ts Apy- ~ Thue pina ore bt-dinedlioal - > Th mwuling an Iniuc® durung tre dat cack ty cle (d-2- Ti. seage) 2 LSS BIG att ad an addr bit” and for He remain: ck, eyele. 2 acts 02 a data bit - > ae Contieat and talus stgnal > 4 ~ under aria section. tune ore Q contrut agra and, 4 aie aseiale’ ~The conical woe RD (ved) § WR (unite) + 4% an achive Jaw signak- 3 es OFF ey ue RESET Wi 2925 Pinout § Signals ) Or = The atilus tgnols ane So, 51, 36 / iq , ALE (addrwy Latch enatota) RO 2 —% % an athie dow wgignat - — Tia signas indiccled a Aeleledd Ty oe” oy mamarey Jae wit be ead hen nin aignal “a Jao ? WR: - Active Jaw ~ Procvier wih wre on a cotton mun or To a0” whin tris signal a Asw- ALE? -Thia bit indicafis whotvor the ili om Ap, te Ap, %4 0 data bir oy an adolus bit - ~ When ALE ta high (det), De bud M Apg te Ad, ane addres ots ale it a data bit - Tle] . =98% aPmatua signal which diskingdubes , wheliur She address fo fort Ba2[o Lec” or for o remer hoc? - 0 = Whee 2 pe high , Ahad implies To hp = > To aid be welectta- . = wha 4o/ Gg = 0 (lo +6, 440 2624) meno doc) aill be selected So, St Ther ane Q atoluy signals, Usecl To indrcale wartous Types q prouuor oper”. ‘tel ‘ Sy So OPER TION Oo ° | oO | HLT oO | Oo 4 Mumory wr, o | 4 ° Mamory vead ° L 4 FETCH A a 6 HLT | 4 9 1 To wort | 4 t 9 Tlo Read a 2 1 Inti ackn culedgemunt Cequivalunt ty lo Fetch) mr Supply and drequancy wignal. = +5v " = GND K4,X2 2 Thue & pind are conreckd Ip an eutirnal erage, otealey IB produce the requined oF clk freq. prernoly Initiated Hgnol INTR 5 Tnbirvupt mequest ° 28 seta wed ad a genanol purpose ielinrupt = = Bt on ilenrupt requett signal. - whan Aig pin goes high , tia 2 Program Coulter doesn't increment ip corilent - ~The pPoperhrma tht nevmal sequence of ope”, aflor Parfaming ob niiac’s tr exetiles A CALL tnttrac” foo ceueeutng tne INTR fdDierept —intreacl” = INTA 2 -Tilenreupt Aelerowbedgemerl - Bio sent by She proeenor ofie Ba ng si. Sobeafteagt aight to RE Corepandaey device, - * RSF TS RITES, RITS-5% Tete ane matKable tnanculpt’) = Te has highue préfonily than” INTR- J eC piceity y (sr Tatgcole Boe PD? ES 7S5 TRAP Non-moskellt Glirupt hewing dhe highest prtortily : Bt indies that « poruphnal device > requesting far tne wre of Ayttim addres bud 0% data bus - Whan 0 hold vignal natetvecl by The, Proctor, “Ur CompleTes Up curereant machine cy cle anc poleasea Tre Myttim addieeis bus and data bud: Daey Jehio period , the ‘nlaenal prowuing ( eneaitin) of “he proauor continua. JHupA]: ot fadicales tat Wie rolol vignak 2 naceived by Ihe promos. Ot stands for hotd aclenousledgement - [Reavy |: ot wo wed She pp to check whethan, iu puripharcal 1a mtadly fo dranifert dato oy not - fave randy pin ‘ta high => Periphertol “a ready To rte then, 0% feceive data - Of Ur te Imo > Than He procunon hae Jo wait IM dhe ready pin gpm high- [Sr0|: Sentol Tp date. - at & o dototine uertol p+ Te data on tree Line doaded on the th bib of tre accumulator by geting an RIM spytruse™ [Sop]: Serttah op dato = 9 ty a dokaline for sental 9/9 . The 1 bik af tne. aceumubelin. ih Sronsfer to Te SOD Line by geting a” Sim inutruse”. [ex]: St tov Inigguning pubie > shry Teiggrsind) pul cen ko. applied tuecugh Inia pin « | eset [2-96 Aueta Ta. program coutlon Ja) ro | Te cpu ww wld in sw condition of Leng ot Fibtet t applied - | Reset our [Pot tadicdles anak the CPU tsyin buggt reel cond”. x VARIOUS ADDRESSING MODES; AP a 1+ Dineet addrasing mode 2+ Register addreerigg modd 3+ Ragin dirgct addrening mods 4 Ragin, indirect “mode 5. Tmmediole addruning modt G- Twolict addrrying mode 1+ Direet dddreming Mode + When dota io in Tia emery that mut hove a 16 bit addins 5 if thot addram to given dinacti” in the inunuctien Shon that % called diruct addeesing mode - Hx The differant Tichniqut uted Jo apeetfy the opertond tn the, intrusthien to called Addnansing. rode. hy ve “ eg? LDA codon STA $000.4 LHLO “Gos As Register addressing mod t Tn thie mode she operand to specified through nepiiir - eg. MowA> B AOD B ANA C KRA L 3- Pegi jndicact oddrusming mode fn this mode thi addrars of the data & andiredly specified - He LOAX B stax D Mov AM ADD M Gg. Teplci address mods > Qn Ho mode The conlnt of accumulator to asuumed as the operand. eg? CMA , RAL, RLC RAR: 5+ Immed ale addruming mode > Tis operand v0 a | supplied Je the “nubiuctin- qt MvI A, GOH ADI FFH ANT GAH 11 Feo? 10 p Fern gar ~ Srutnuction to a command dt cpy to perform 4 giuen opr” (apecifiec on re given dat. Progra + The scto of inttreuc”™ gun by dhe Programmer to preform ¢ Specific antl a Krung a Program’. - - The reaacy Aeps thel te cp carried out ct fetch an instruc” and tose Ta teeny dota. from Die memory and ergeule UE conmtIut an instrac™ cyte. ~ The date” gee conaita of & fetch cycle ond mame waddle Ee = FC+EC Te = Inwruce” tydle Fos Fen cde EC = emeutiqn tye - Fetch +The neeenarty wpa contd ona canniéd out Ib fetch an wsiruac® fice” penne: coun feck yee: ~ Genre Sit. tite byte dastrac’| 2) Tis_opeod® and the, Famaining ™ @ B-biE dota / addacy oxide bit data/ addaas “C opurand ) ~ To De, begining sf) Whe, jetch ycle, the eorlent of he pragram Coun “whith i The Sef ecmeneyy dee” cdrere opcode 20 available to pent t5 athe pro : - Te meron Placa the opcode on te data bud ond werd it 4 the Procemert — The prownar sures Dio opcadt in the IRs -from where it wo Gurren fed for dacsding and exeuution « . ~ Ke aitine procs known 02 fetching ee. reading of sponte (not dain’ opcoda (hencode ar machine code) — he frcaing opr” tales 2 dR-pulies og 3-al T aoa Out one mone eriita T- sate %: ayoilable af Ihe Processor ore the, mem po andamers by nolune - hig eritna. ges ® Known aa watt cycle - AK, wv Ta \ Ta ' Peck Ma Pe _f se, ma Tronfen. | wait ye Line. opcode. from correlpendin| memory SB meery “nen Prodyort “Execution? After the opcode a being ferckied from the memory » 3b to Thy IRs - | =From the IRs 2k gow to the tong uit = AHHer tre. catraac”™ being decoded, .exetu™ talees pose ~ Darang athe difae, gan puripake agi imoecdt olay. oun”, if the operand & avotlobel to Te ease) tun The ween gitblees ploce — tha iea tmlein Jp decode and maeutite 4 cel clk ytleos 2 Eston. of the 4 eperand ta in GPR = ~ of te 9 operand. ta 40 ntain [i soda? trac Die. procemat has Ste perform cuttaien opr” bike” uR| mw! Ho Reto W + Raprayertolion Timing DIAGRAM + Pts 0. graphical. éovieust eee ret aS S-MsB bit o odareens adelreets, Bsa bee of nent cy =e LLL | lS Spree to oe ea hy 3 | | : -1sB bit Data th be wrtillig in Dace Xceed eee ee ey Co Fine x B-MSB bit of mamoray location ] nets a a Td EEE 0 ee ia © Given, thio tnvtrent™ 3 o. S-byte Invtrue” 3k wi tole 9 consearbive ey foc® de- Rook , 2001M,2002M [acon] —> optode — (2m1n) —> 50H (2028) 9 45H OpCovE OF tw A 20H STA Ss6crt \ oe Macking, ayes = 4, opel = FEMUR HMR + MW, wrrducse = Sbylo T-Maly 213. 7 I j A of | @ T| Ly 4 a MOV ASM + tas aQooon Mov AM “oan Machin eyele = 2 ni = Fee | m bets are PD | aod | opcode set} eID 20a [00 ee 2e02 | 2601 Sara Peed = ii a Pee eft | el | cw. 330 | data. Aste SHLD 4508 enotles tp Mi 4500H (Aldi = acct) al $i" acter ~ pete end 4 par {8 aoa sie gee ¢- 5600 MVI4,O9H : 000 XCHG BE: & 5000 LDAX DE ? l c A, ve th bo Ts = a Pee Ae Ey a | ley 8085 PROGRAMMING 4. Pua date & Sis ao tn a memory Jee” FCSOH from ragiMire B. Put ancte from reg C to “Te ntut memory tec? Covtent u | 36H, conbine f ¢ aH. 4 ae ni 5000s Mov VIB, 35H 5008 mvIc, 4aH y004 Lxt) Hw, Feson 5001 Mov MB 5008 Inx H 5004 Moy Moo 5030 HLT of, Mov A,B STA _FeSoH mov AoC STA PCSIH R. Find de 4's complement f a 00» rev exnnnsrrfiy de? ond More be in Tre nent ene Joc™- (¢-bit) , yoy 5000 = LDA 4000H. 503-° cMA 5004 STA 4OOIH 5001 HLT 3+ Find je 42 complevunt g oo 46-bib umbet + LDA 40004 we Lxt H ,4oooH cma ate Mov A, M STA 4o02H CMA LpA 4oolt STA 4902 MA INX H STA 4oo3H Mov A) 4 ea cma STA 40603H HLT : ~ 3. Find tne Q's Complement of = rusmabect * H , 40OOH LaT H, 40004 ALM ALM STA 4003H HLT, eps 00000600 — Wuiiii +t —> STA Usély PCEYT € LXI 1.4900! mvi ¢. 06H Moy A,M CMA RBA OM INR A INC # je1o foto INREC as ole\ opel wa oth 1395H ! {nx 4 ojo) 1S mov Ay M cma ADD A.c STA 43064 oT 4- Weil a. program to shift [Link](2-bit) by 4 bit deft LDA 4o00H App A& sta YOO 5) Wile aw progrom to Fira tha greeny code of a &- loi: nundberc « $< write & program for ada” fo sarctsa af mumbens ; (sum. 16 bik, A Find tre langut ro- from a gor of dota. ana « & frrrenge doles in ascending oydar- a Multiplication , diviven . it 4 PROGRAMS = d+ BINARY To GRAY: Q. LARGEST NumBeR + LAT 1, 42001 Giod LXE A, 42004 mov" Ay M god Mov CM ded eat Ah Mov BLA qu MVE 4,004 RAR _ Hoe INK OH xRA 8 ao7 cmp A STA 4800r aug 3Ne fio ya HUT ieee tes haw aim “i we Mee INK H - ap © PCR c a> . WE snz Moz hoger an STA [$300 , au HLT + we HB BxSy B- MULTIPLICATION ¢ 4. DIVISIONS . y x ah LxI Hy 42008 Mvi D, aon ad Be a mov BoM WA 42a0t yaad = 7 Mv}, cor Mov 6, A yaat aN mvi A;00H Loa 4ZOIH we aK SUB OB ee ADD OM Te fe INR D gnc # aie INR C ee # vce 8 * wD 6 STA 4300 . ark ten ee . mn, Ae " STA 43olH Sth 42034 Hur WET ADDITION OF A SERIES oF Nomarkt uxt Yasar Moy CM MvI A,oon MVE 68, 00H INX oH *e* ADD M anc ® INR B se INK H DR C INZ & xX tae STA “2001 fut ETN : ML = DR ¢ “oo =? Ava ADSUTIOM +B INZ ¥x 4201 Ee a —ploee HRY STAC agoeH Hone MeS vom i420 2 A rs qQ2o1 5 HieSp Ne cone 420. 2 cee Yaor 4 420a. = Revert | 3 10" Felt Tnletrupl are TR atgnala thot caus Dre cho ds wutain what to dotag and ayandfer a. opectal program called infirenupt service jodorouting. (15S) ox Tvitinnept handle Ot to ruporsible fort > OM. sntecreupt > RVI” ” > wrantie bark tre coviTnol te The. main program - é Trttrewspt Diagram : eee RS) Sent — on | 4: Hortowon, Interrupt + Ivtierupt coured by The Ho device - 2. Software Inlerteupt : Tnkinmupts cated by re abonoremal. ialgencl cond” which 2 beccure tal & a Callecl a Alw interrupt . g “9 eS Gated or fesiondly Sirrupls ane im Lypea- @) mayan Gi) Non- meukable- peereable Taleinupt ¢ Procuacy Con tgnore oY make delay Tey Mavkolole inTerrupt mequit jf 2E to” pereforening corttuin tothe: ~ Then inkeermpsecn he matted off by a Gntuin Alo 89> RST qrodp pINTR - = Ann amtieable tetentupt = Tas one tnt Maronugta ich can't He Jarenicl ty pociiors Tak pen Se aio! gin - These interrupts | ar) ink: a ~ We neatona— ane \, A OES TERA mugen batten eg, pou luna, ifn Possant + 3 ag) TRAP « Taterrupt Proc 4 BO8S > 4+ Onleerupts are 35 be uted to enobied 4%. by Conlin ish tiny” EI tn The moin om - Te inttruc® ET Wo TER Je allan The tatuteupt CTE ~ Tlomagt enable FF > A+ We proavot har Te duck the INTR wing durcing sre cucu’ f each instruc”. 9f te INTR Line goed high , the interrupt “% enabolid- and TNL procerrore comple 2 warrant Stree”. and save ne PC coflling on THe stack: and tk odo resets re rer bweforte, accepting De 188- So that oceurcone. of Furdieer Enlicrupts eaa by o denice canbe preverid ducing Ae SLA of any rss - B- 9t aloo renda a signal TNTA %e- calicrupl ockrowded ol coll trum? % exceed xo thal ie PC aitlh got sie ad 2 where ISS & pneseat- 4: The ISS 40K © performed - TH ISf 2 a subroutine protent otc. specified mamory Joe": 5- In Du 8S uc hove BH putan EL tavruc” again te enallt Te cnerpt and @ RET 4 thol Ihe eorilre) wilt come loack Je W2 inition pa. 7 19% Felo'40 VECTOR INTERRUPT = ——————— pee o eae | — Ste iolineupt fore which the infirnal jw aulomalcatty trantfey Ms. progr contra} )Up.a pecific muenony Joc. wshwces, Lelrerwpt program iu eg: TRAPS Rsvyqoaes : ~ Here no -extirnal hfas wir@Gckegl FC 1 O RST 6-5 2 0634 RST 5*5 2 GORCH | NON -VectoR INTERRUPT: fof wy etirnat lw required Fo Thantfor se eer RAN Tape ein ne et lenewwn 0d _ non- vector. anlirerupt - q: INTR Ths NTR haa S-teaa ond each tint has a wpertfic addres - 3: Set Tntirerpt Maek — dL oytt torre” ~ Con be used for 3 ett ferent fone” @) Te eee y SIM gnalods oy dixalotedA The inlireeugila a ay eee ae of Aetumatodire @) St @ und To set “mase * For RST 5-5 .6-5,7-5 inlirnug (3) 9t creaky a path for yorvat ofp gf ite: oT De Os D4 Ds Dz Dy Do |e TTT I MASK SET EWagiE RESer CoOnmPObovew ie Rental &/p data (4) Do 0,02 There bib ore aMegeucl fore RST G5, 6-3,7-5 LG af" thre bud gerd Me exfrtiprding inliceupt Lt ee ee (b) D3: = St te uted to mate off ta 6 ae mote on The Do, Pr 1021645 =9f Dg = 5 ak inline are effective © Ddyz - St had soma additional cordial ever RST TS - 9 My=0, TIS & enololed * 7 Dyst, UT TS © disabled - a Don't cane BIE a Dos Dri SH wud for serial Olp af data. - Ths SIM tndrue™ 2 exeetled , we conlint ath pit Attamuctor if lp om a SOD Ling of the pr ov spend f pro provided Yf Os 45 then D7 bit can be plaud on SoD Line . Q. Mv A, 18 SiM ALT Wht will happen Lo al The R6T rlinrwpla af qrewe Sins one eneeuled ~ D1 pe Br Dy ps D2 D Do ano > Teo, RST 5-5 & enabled Di soe RIT 625 anabled Dono; bak Spee mestedtas Go read - Dg =o se | Sed Ine dips ble a4 Feb’ 10 Rgze eraw cates Move - Thin toe tpg faucrunclion - Tia Infirrpt indiesta Tie. eurtreant Hai kalrrupt Wey rendiog Ihe. conta acturmubador - (= Tip inwrue” toentigtes tie pending driiruuept eis - | o 9b receives dertiot se f dota. Dr De__Ds DY Ds D2 1 Po Rs1 | xs] B87 ST lest [ast SID Is1-5 |f-5 los |TE | 4-5 |o5 |] 9 Q) De ,01 Dg i 9t ta usd fore maw The felinrup RST 1-5,6-5,5-5- #8 Ot can be maneed on when Te bis anz 1+ . 6)_DBF SE und fot marke The inlirupt when this bibs 1 Qu athe Inleruwpla arR enabled - ©) Dg,D5,06% Thee Wa ane used for pending inlienupla - tp one of Ane ik iy 4 TAR corerponding est intrrupt & pending Mol te. if 16-5 & ‘a’ > et 5.5 & pending - 4). Dy t Wis bit shows Aerial Tp data bite Fe- ary periphetal con davier, AMddag serial data bit ¥ Dy bet =4- <> r 224 Pogronetn | Mbiiedns toca @ mvi ©, 408 cE KOCR ¢ Ten INZ=K te — 1. Che CD OFS sap Lx D, FFFF 4 ny x DX D 65535 AAO 343210 Mov AO 65535 QEANNO ORA 65539 acai46 INZ -K 65535 65534x10 +7 = 655347 aS * i —— 1572857 Time pect | 1 atl = lomsRe Them = ISSA Niece - Time = 4-369 be. or N(644 +4) 4(N-I) x10 + 1x1+410 MEMORY INTERFACING of microprouster Léves hi tara aha dat, ~ There arte & Types © Maia, memos (Ram [Rom ) IM / ROM, @) a na ; 2 txteng which’ i also Known ad mame Btn ‘eer conscnts curtain FFA which a Known ad pe cL and, gach FF cepebeal Alay 0 seg MER 6G Be mockup uf tartan, Each a Memory“ inteyfating ido. Téchnique which dynchetonijes The speed 1s tad Me le ie gn memo) %o thot dhune will mat bog . Maney atic 0 q & ype % 4 a= (a) -MEMoRyY INTERFACING ¢ Jha primar fod. mumoray tnburfaccng Mia re proeeysor should! be hb nol fom OM rt ad © gin _naginar dof 0 othert func arte , > Vie pf should oe able To selecl the chip four - 4 Sdenhifres Shs. pardiuslare egies [ meme dou. ed rae tig addreety and oo sae, rach Geerally oe pP ip having 16 cddreks tines - cot 7 trese 20 ee Dade used 1 ee: ee dtpCand te renity addray Lass ane uted 46 Bunty oo parti bart ey er. 1s Delinming The amount ees Apa te be salen, ‘ace. a vechnial ai seal Te Neguined Je 7 a en en OP scanner Sines are Sinaia con a Raceies deed, De cord 3% RD and WR & generoled Be Tol q Te arable Tir. appro ary ase © fore may & wing opn”. “fi chip ore irad So adda a i ee if ee sine of vohaue ne Jina: Mamory je 2eaxe = aS oe , chip 32x 1094 am arayon Zs nay Memory'{ zo ADDRESSING ¢ ee oe Enh 3085 usa Per ane % ae Ture. ore 2 homes gpa +B Greterahery I 6.12.0 @ Semon mapped To chem @ Ho mapped Fo yohume 4+ Memo el FO scheme 3 Tn dhio Acheme Dune % Jha. Total addres space some and Aome are antored to to - ant acldrets pact: Bet - addres ave anutgned Jo The oa a ie aaa J to differant From She adelrats which to awtgred Jor ume On thin tcheeme oll The dota transfer Ensfruc” pP con’ uted both for ond 110 device. Thin ys 0 yuiveble ‘Gee Amalk. systion- me olny mode To] & not ured To détin Mand “Ilo. = In thin vcore the Ilo deuict to tabinfocrd in Ihe, some 3 inne tle reer duyice - ato mapped Ho scheme : > Tn Dis acheme oddone do era reer aiirad Jo man “at can luo b& = In Th ode of ae wkd 1 ditinguceh cohethun ik Ga & lo oper” ae hey open” ~ Thin soneme to uma fis Lange = In thin seemd IN ond ovr crac au usd - INTERFACING DESIGN a REACING | DESIGN | Wirvface oARGPRAM te pP. rai La Fase oan Es : = % BEE H - Lee rane wpa 0 frem oodokK hh oO Q. Trirforr a SKB RAM be pP- marony Hpaue 9 from coosH 6 FFF H vers 3+ Tlirfax a G4 KB mumang Wing 2 KB chip « Memo BR = MKS hip wie = a8 ey nips Se jase sa : =. he tpt 0006H. IFFEH chip Quit 20004) BFFEH ip 3s 4o00H 5 FFEH chip” Let coco EFF H One _6-* Z000H PERK chip 6 + >" BFFFH orp 7 chp 4 Frkefart 0. Bef many ypu yoy ae bf mh sa grey trop & SITU e Detign’a RCH EPRoM Cone size) Duzgn a 62E4 Ray. Cri ) | = AKB = 2x 1024 byte = 256 byte = Axor _ ase FEED &1- fur Aw Ss an/ tT * OL. ee eee S not | area rea | i eS B wR 6264 RAM (sks) nen Phar ‘40 Perspheral Inlirface (PP1) 8855 ¢ ® Faltteductin and Fedtars : ~% fo a PPT. This deviea to uefa fort making on “nlenface bet” Qs procelior andl tne pertpheval divicod - a ~ This dewica cil Agnebroniye. . Ihe. epoed of 1 lo device with Tre spend q procenon “05 thet ae iit atlanbteh ing” She data trarifer - ad ~ A programmotete peripheral device. % a multtport device whore Mie poets yay ‘be. programveuad in various ways 20 geil ~The various wae of 8255 at, @ 2255 4 (&) 82654 -5 ~ $295-Wan 3 pans. ~ Mera enh port can be programmed. 09 an Fp port oF 02 an |p parc - : ~ 8255 epertala in 2 moda - @ T/o mode @) esa (Bee see rust) mode - Again. To mode operalia in 3 Varios Aub emode - @ mode 0 é (e) modg 4 (© msde a - 94% a 4oO pin Ac package ,detignsd with H-MOS Technology - = Power mapas, = BV ac = Ambient emp = 0-70C PIN DIAGRAM + Mant 40 Phy Poca ams Ores 38 = PAC Steir 2 BI Par | 36> WR Eh Se 6 35> RESET a a 34 Do Wy SP 33-9 hod ims Fey ato 82554 FL pg Pore 30> Dy ae a= Ps pe as De Poo 4h ay f= D7 Pe 48 26 a Nee Pea 46 25 = PB; rod ah ed Po 48 23/5 Pas a 22 pa, ‘ vere 21-183 os PAg -PAn £8 Pino éf poret JA PBo- P81: g pine of pont B Pe .- Pera = a ping of Port © Lewere Peug= Pours 4 pina 4 port © upper %-P1 ? Bidinetnal databus for daca trundle Vee = Power Juspp GND: ground 3 cs: chip weet argnal , active Iso signal Of it & encotad » 2t credies on inlinface bet S085 and puriphevol daw'ces (2255) PD: Active tow signal, wo fos mead oper”. When jin wignal jouw Io, cf reads data from She dled port - WR: Sdive tow pignal, atect for write oper”. Wher ahis pin gots dew, cpu wreilia dato. of the. welyeled port 2295 = Tere 2 pis ore ured Ac ANY Vordaus port and te select Tie control word regia c A Ao ° ° 0 — fort A with be telectidl ° ° 4 — port B =| 0 a: 0 — pork ¢ o L * — Contyol Word (CwR) Register (g-bit yegestey ) 4 x x - No Adlection f 8255 Reser 2 slebive high, JAgnol. Whin ie w high, ik eters thi | Control ae and tela alt Tie ports oapdie porls - i BLOCK DIAGRAM oF 8255 ¢ To x0 PAq—PAo Pe Ply well rey edge. The 2/0 mode ersilion af 8259 has 3 4 modi « Q) mode 0 0) moda, 4 ©) moda 2 ModE: Tn Inia mode, each partl CA,B.c) can eperak of a Merple FP ond Fp pork MODE 4: Here port A ond B are “designed Se operat aa a imple Zp", ofp port“and ay the. home Sint © pind port ¢ o eed te Conds Sc ae Re _* gl a / 4 = When pot Amt es EY) mad va Pesegat ~ wan por f “Opt mena Ip, PE: ee. & pins Fe “Peg wih control port 8 ond = Pep Pe ‘cital port AY ahd Mecg 3Pcq od Na et (ao “Limp Ho pave at it When port B vo geting 08 OP port, ond port A ad olf }port . Peg Pea idl tontrol pont B, Pea, Reg and ey iil Kantrel part A - Ky-Pog wil act ud FIP or Op port = Gheth oot MODE -2? 9t % a lsidinecttonal medi - Tn thia mode ports A Can be Programmed oD a Vidiracttmal Uo pee - Made-2 oper co et port A+ + When port A %@ proframmed ar dh act th mode 2 ey. Wa. seme Time pont B can koe uted tp opera. . eftherr tn mode ‘0 ov ‘t). = Fos made 2 .eperatim fea - Pey nee aed Pe cae pena wubed ah thet Tune 4 ee CONTROL WORD REGISTER: Conbot word? SA control word i formed which emtaira the various iaforcen” about The mods of pare” and dune” Ff vartous porte i - Fore contraliing dhe 44 pina f Tlo port, a tk & atvided inte egos fa) group A (6) group 8 ~ Group-A controls fort A and port ¢ upper ~ Group-8 Contains fort B & port © Iswer- ~ The contral word io sna wrlGa ma CWR which d within The €255° > No read _opert’tia. atiaved for a cw. ~A enfrol ne thee on e-bil register, bet concespinding te a partion He-wode at operation ox ivell os D. 2 this for pord c lower. Tamake port ¢ lower as X port. De i sek to 4s else: de olp pork tb te set to 0+ Qe Port fon B- To make os Yp pork Dyed - To make as @p port, Dy Oo Dat for the selection of mode fou port B- : cari eecabitea? - 1} & hes 4 be operate im mode 0, thie bib & ¢ 1S Sed Wea ey ie OY eS Se Se a Ds > fox port ¢ upper. 4 Ye as Up port, Ga ¥ fa as *lp perk, ye p fox, pork A+ | Pa os Yp pont» Dyrf = Pr of a/p pork, Deo. PEA thee Gee ceed bb el de a? operation Pf peed A; De Dg Mode os 0 oO Mode 0 0 rh Meded #10 0. Made 2 01 eth Mode 2 Dy Dy will dente Rit B25 és [@ Jo mede on Ben rode. ny OG CHER 2 07S. be . ety fq ep Oy = oy Reem pte YP Ib oe Pa neo = Oo tes olp med Pa Ue F HF Whol WEN be the oeenbecal. wored , be. eee 525 a | mode. eta Ur , fo- Up, Pep, Pe mm 0 mode | a f Pe ae o 4 “ } 1 | sR MaDe = D— this mode, +4. epee oy ee the E-pons * Fes -eass will operate in in, BER mode wher | Dye Oe ae =This mode will make sek on res! to ench bit al! pow c- HR + 40 Kae #: a me 3 3g as? elt 3sTRaA4 MARC 5 36 te. ye 3553 43 ~ HLOAY 1 4 ro ene]? 33 Ay ace : 22 Whee ae a 3 Vee C-45v) weit t gape cikS 12 + aq, essere 13 ei Ss PI 14 e ae : “To select Fa " z = vz ke Gelinae 13,21) Crh RC. Tp DeweT} well meke seb QR mesekior, ON/OFF Ae a ar ceslose bit # fe. >, » xesek/ore |] ‘Deed, sek fon! Dd, Ge These ‘aobske arde esas qoseledk a; =e bel of Fee ; an o Dy 0, Dp. BRE Dy De, Oe eer wsed a Oo ear ee BER mode. Ueeally in ane Bee eens bok Oe pe ee tele 18 whl tes 4 ° 0 SE, hee Fee weary Weer Oh tls Qe Phe... HEY ’ tae. SO Chea Yee A Pen, 8257 (memory) Do-Dr Eo cH t k—peg 4 ee READY \s Bir ee write ADDR ae pack + to $351 to G DMA contreotiort - ~ DMA «a dotn tronsfr vcheme. f Ti EES Ayo 7 dota transfir schames- (1) Program DTS @ pear pts 3B ingecenp! driven PTF Progra ots: — Tn thie case The whole date tronsfen ta controliic boy su crv: ~ Here the dota transfer taking plac under Dar, contrel of Ihe. Certain programamehich ane “retrling do The main ory () |Argperonand mode. -On Ania angel tam apecd sf Ip saute decan'k omectth with, The speed of CU. Monk er Rng characteaiMics on Fo. device cant be pardicka - S0, The J/o dovico Nas fo bt checkecl ayer Sime Y The cP before A ol fas DMA DIS? 99 me ors, data % aio ton % Yo o HoT fare without agin opted cet Avon y oer! = The controller 8257 ta useol To se iat Tlo and ane RAM for ahich high wpead § big dati Araryfer con tohe place - enema - git on Fo dechnique wud Fay = Trio controller A Known ad DMA controller’. “= 84ST bow progrommalole OMA corditollen uted with foes § ater Proemors for direct memony atecu - dt has 4 channels» Chanto, chi, chr &th3. Henee 4 Yo. dovieed can be iurfaced To ee Ataugh 8257 ea Pe cant ~ Each channet has " Oma asldney git eee Y OR ear ezatin. Ce), REAM BO. ake thet indil" 5B lee did Vals Dior ne daAN CO DMA Figt conte tee at © vay ned @ ses), Gow veri - 297 Can cpa tn, onsthed Aredia dapensind Nef opted of Mirra ka 3IQ Cod tye atcaling, endo Oe trent aie sme Morech A. MF apne Straling Modes = ae mode, The end Ap dkyte 2 veruggitly to spend - = , = Here 8257 neprola a single loge Transfirenseg tian. for danger 1 di: shel plectphahal mredrbathe GS Ayquet high EB. ste @: : ~ Mia Spe RAN 2 called cyele aealing ecodk : 2 ~ Trio mode af 9p” ta preferatols for tranafercing moll ornount of alata, pao & Ao denice %0 fe zeough Xo send | recurve a rue Moot - buble of dota “then it to cold B 2 94% preferable fre aeegfning a babe, ameant Jf deta. | DMA Regier @ 4 ahs gta 1 has 2 dmb Regester i @ Beh choses : a the monty locaton ehicy git ke @ he statKag addiss B Moot a 46 bub ranean." atceaed by te dente 4 Ul lel te mt as a 7 ——, egies oF fhe chonee!. pe Mie © sordid by tm C03 with the, adletrces! of cd mim m 22 te “be aceoted ty DMA i ~ Duruing DMA oper” (each) it ptr Tue nent ey ec te be an in She rivet DMA yee. But court Ragin? (Terminat, Count fag. / Ter) > 16 foi regiAler -Uxd Do a - % ae kep drath, on Bi no. of bf anak ‘a te be donifened - Alte “wed to fel the mode. open” for. vartloud thannd. - 2 yh Be. Ag— Ays ana doaded alth a volue ze. Gd Ti mnt A MSB Ay & Apel wed wut) ee derseh Reystre—2he nade sé ihged oe pose 16 2074 Ais Any os pete one Bie yh Ps o_ E Vert'Preotion ("hie bon chee! endavi@eel£, ° 4 DMA write alse #4 set. dhe, waaten 3 - The periprercat main thie pin high in order To obtain Ihe DMA cyte] contrat - - Hen The pertpherat with aaa pita Bu, neve So maintain uA Deg MIM ante. SE get Ow aclerowledgrect from 8257- DACKO — DACK 3 =: — A poripraral device noqusiting srwicee through PRQ Ip to Channh i sttued with on eulectgrnerd Ages. dhrcoug' DACK signal « . DRq Request gov eee Tio device will be acknowlerl ged boac! the DMA oa aith a DACK signal « Do- Di? - Pidtrudonat data tus buffer vred To foicfaw 8257 with Te ite data. loud READ] WRITE CONTRoL LOGIC ? The various aebie paw are - rt Registex - 7he lowes oda Ybets oF thy vegrifer erat states for the bee tadivipanl clawee/ , % e 2, x cy z/8! al READ/wer CONTROL Fog scae a heer asd PIC Criorisy Tnlinnupt Coniralter) II CENTERRUPT MASK REGISTER Camey (puock DiAgRaM OF 8254) = TR main func to te control Wx whol ilinrupt agilim . ' = ot ocespty infirrespt requatt from To devices. ~ Ata Sime ¥ one 8854 % conneclid Je a procemar, then UW cantale nequeat from” @ different Io devices -3f G, 8259 ane connectid Seca AE oa a Roguett from 64 different Fo devices « ~ $0, in order Je accept more infinrupla Be San cai eeentereetl oe 9259 in cascade . FUNCTION: 9 delirtmings which ifinrupt has highest prtacity at a iveo Teme - and senda an inlerew upt requatt Atgnol To Tie ceu activating De inte pin cpu. qd — After ging ARB INTA from cP . 8254 plaes a CALL inttruc” long ait | ofhitioleed cctines of the furrupt on ~ 9 acd" Jtethoct 3259 can be progr: a By aisha os 4 ff ope”. The vartiqus opie ane, CY) Priority check @ a (3) Seltting ¢ te . COTGR I fen obo The i bp OG. Clits © 12, O. i> ay ~ 90" order Ty inidabige 8259 “a an Yo device, CPO euecaitis G At initialisation command word ¢e. ¢ Tew) - Sémck some OCW ore uked 6 make 9259 operdle, ot various + Copercitienal command uscrd ) nodes cahiich snclucls patie q oO portalor tntieeupt . BLOCK & PIN DESCRIPTION ! The whole block diagram gf 8259 contieta of 4 sochiny « (4) Inteanupt 4 control sogic Aylin Q) Datalous buffert @ RD ond WR contra Jogi block, CH Cascade buffer / Compancites JeeLten @ Trterrugt § Control logic Systim : St conkttts of Various vegitens Atlee TRR, IWR , 15K PR: TRR( Tdkrtupt Requist Kegisten ) PR ( Paracel Reratvert | Rexeetir ) TUR( Tolenaupt Mask Register ) 7 SO Bie gen se 'D 1. FRR - an = ~ 9k wted to | t Be os Fiquarting for senuited . : ~ IRR ness fe 2 tabneupts —— aise i ’ cre FATES a) cae ae va ee 1 [Link] “cAfbr chodut An snkireduipt aechlio Lukrsrthly I tbeing Serviced - [ a | a. ee —9t ddim we priority of tnlinrupe Se ee = Ot deetdia hu priority of TMrrusph a2 decided bg priioraly mode Act Ocwa © G TmR? Wis eaioors can be prs court an ocw os pre bie, AOD mosia @ pordteutan inkerrap (Cinrugt cn = valinreupt %0 beng mad tf og a decific 1 lke agcoriced aver 4 ik Moe the covrupondieg bie of ree. = IMR cpevalia on TRR- CONTROL AND Logic BLOCK = a PONT Rol EM , _ This block haa on i[p dine and an ofp dine ieee INTA ond INT. + After daterenining thu peeniag $254 puts on “linnupt noquest te Au cP dough INT Jing - - We INT Une wo dingctly conndid Ie dhe INTR Lhe of cou. = Onex |NT ate, epu ruspands the aqgnal 4 sendin: an acknow Atqmol INTA = a = Onan (NTA to meetived by 3257» The dovier place the inte dota bud by exeesting a call address of J. yruph on & a oy % coyeranc” ! Dota Bus Buffer 2 rune ont g bir bidineetional data bows ules , vied To saberePate, S087 HOUT apr date loee and addres bust | 5 : We clot @ da hi cde: Pe Crdd Gabe Mi sash JD Bi 9b % an adlive Law ti wid 2 suad Dn telus varvous gugiira phe” TRR, Ime, TwR, SAR, PR. Cascade buffer ond comparator: = To order Tp. communicole wth RENE To devias, tm £257 con be connect in cascode - ~ Trio Type f connec” improves dhe sattrerupt nandating _ copaloi Wy - ~ Here, fom The vartous $251, od F257 wil act an mater and odwend ang Known ot hones - Hum Tm ia 2254 maven ri meu S 6259 5 Haves TET J ea SB. s25q con be vst I work in mailer mode oy in wdawe made fay De pin spew ( Stave program | nabte buffer ) — The 3259 can operat both tn baller mode aa well as in nen buler mode - to wird to speci, a4 mathr or slave . ~ Tf G Ovett to applied to Tilo pins te ult act an lowe 3B Bvett in applied i ten tk wilt actaa mailer - ~ In non-butkn mode +e pin %/ Ey where 2154 iy operatin, ~ Tn loulfere mode thin pin ta used ag an O/p Jp tnadole rt dotabus louffer Of The: sytem S254 PROGRAMMING, $ 2854 pecs AMES > 8259 2 progr cummed by Ire CRU wi) commands and cw) cémmands - -€ach $259 to needed te ko Bathe a Tae vaaious Towa dre No (snqt =1) NoCte4 24) ———— ~ Pin initialization Command word fired To 2252 uiith Aa=0 and py=1 4 tracked ao Tew 4 - ~ Y tow 4 41 (ee-Dge1) tn Tew 4 & nuded Of UD 0 then Tw 4 to not needed - ae 4 D1, Dua 2294 %& tingle . O20, then £254 2 cascaded- ~ ADT: Ca adele énfinval of Das Oliptatirwval. oe A Dy= 15, sivel to ge Thin. a Sit Facts One Fo 4% Saunas’ ire fetching ‘Bike wh -be-! Lpebfbymnes 4+ IMR: get duoned a> IRT Ip % amigned Fo sowert prtonily B- Sta made addnou act In J - f Contest Pi Bie tealtsing ETVRW Py. 5m, ~ & Gon be Categorized ch Bgrsupe- ¢ sarge i jump (LIMP) = Gy 2p | ee Cccp py ‘case A Srolide SUMP CA 5p) ump PAbteter Gy hese tig, pee Coy Ka) ae nd SIMD ~ The orea tartfoey a | Lhes =O) aR ip. , Lecturer Pe ¥ e Sel sede e < RET. Rotusn pasm Feb ceti, Se : PETE - Rotusn fram Drtetaespy Set £ rb S He POV f+ Le Sone Lead i 2 ss] 1) |e (past | peat) $08 pe MICROCONTROLLER q MICROPROCESSOR MICRO CONTROLLER J8t te a purpose, dowied 1. St WO upecthe purpore device . ahich con be. programmed ts perform with ones. programmed , can't oe differant Tipper ff openation ad pot — modified ox changed Jaler on. Henee She nequcrument - applies fos a specific purport - a: 9A con pe Te rae 4 2+ pe has on-chip Rot Ram, Ti. To ddvieads ant suienat- Tle ports and timing cle ery ' fener. inberyforing at & Required. 3 “4 PHP ate yer visti. a+ Led expenste and 14 bully morte syperuive e than Po 4 Potier usrmump™ enone . on S- Siewtn speed: z 6. Core J CLE“ eG T FEATURES oF 8051: ~ 2 bik [eontrote devdeped by Hrmas te chnolegy « = Speraking freq = daunz- ~ Here multepticabim § divitten satires ere ee aveilalod ~ 8t has ao booottan pricton that supports bit wie Spordtin. ~ 3 hos YkB onchip Ron 5 - St hos aS6 byte g ondkip he. ~ F051 can have a manl of 64 ko eon. (ended? program mmc) exten © 94% owing a Gu KG yf, data memory te. RAM: = Bt haa 32 bidirectional {/op inex -whidh ane arvtanged for 4, B-bik porte ni + Port-0, Port -1, port-2, port-3- 2096 HK Sip Meo yest 8052 ~ yte = Ahea a, 16-bit Gime and counliy ~ 2 hod 4 regiMar banks rasenady loan - ian lua bank-3- Each bank, haa & requtina - St hos ‘16-bit addruy bus , Mulkplextd with port-o4a - ~ One Jerial J/g pont on the chip - dot = Ofna yertion 805) are, con be we 4 agp | on-chip ROM Tat MCS 54 ete oFFFH PIC [| micra chip pee isk Bereta. _rtmot én ~ St hage€ inlonupt Wrurcees e4KB > o = ae ial Patios aa ae Fey biG EEE €D es.11 The whole architec dune Ff 2061 manta of ae 5. Various poytt: 2: 2 ips f rumor (eam , gon) 3- To davica 4. eugtées > GPRe Stack Poidler bay P09) counkur as > SER( speetat func age —> Timing & contrat 2 Psw ( Pregrom sabe oad: > DPTR (Date fointy ork Tae 1) 0° iti tay _agetmuaic Logie unit CcPu) = cM cet gong arithmelic & se aeele Obi dota. i - Te additimal fund's anh, multiplication § divin. - REGISTERS: (A) GPRs: Ture are 34 GPR: se oT ane , > Actiumubatoy to e.g EELS ey er Regulie 8 : 8 bik vegintir - at func” % t6 Mort ona of Te, &-bit operand multplicalion ox dfvision - = 94 Morea Jie MSO or higher bye of ara, yetut ducing ‘mullbrplee!® = Aiviaion it hoide The 8-6ie diytisr and efter the. eaten gf divisten of instruc” The vemainBlar wilt oe Adored ia vy: 8: by defoule - Bonk Roxie + ~ Thre ore 4 regiatir banley » — Banko 3 Bah ante 2 3 Banks: ~ ach eink nag 8 Yegislire Ro? Ry - ~ Be Sime ong bank con belteledlid or can Procesicr by a Tie appropricly..ps Ribs a9. van arg Jdtatid on on. RAM - The dofaulewbank i bank 0 - = 8. 2 omfe | et jie 1 idle Yeo Vee Gt b Jed OD a Bt ea | Ra a g = R accesses tee Kot a3} Ri ae os] Ro_~ von [Re | verte : we wont Ib gore a data in Ryo Je wiih be utoved in Tee memory Je” ov y acfeult x loank 0 - s of the programmer Aglect a porhuslar bank. (ute & bank 3) Anon The data will be Moved mm 1CH- Addr range g each. bank , Bank 0 OOH —» OTH Bank 1 O8H->0FH Bank 2 40H — 47H cen 3 3EM IPH STACK POINTER © - Tea on 9- bik iver ~ Holds tie addres of sack “Top ~ St inevemented. n for os RETURN opr’ - ~ St % avoilobitiiens whee on the on-chip RAM ayen - ng PUSH oF CALL apn” and datrementid ey lian -AN SERS are ‘dinsetly a & J foray MEX Kod Ge Ved Gord rfrokppe | 1) ~All The SERs ave bik addvenable z-e+ tach Caaf SER Can be seh | peated oy aving contain fattruse?s - ag: The various SPR: ant » a a SFR Syraool Ragitlan Noms Addeess A one Accumulator EoHu B® fag. 8 Fou °* Port 0 oH ps* Port 4 ao fo* Pork hon e3* Pore 3 Bou Bh RES TBO REGISTER NAME ADDRESS DeTR ‘ Data Pointer Bort —> DPH Data Poinlor (hight by) 23 > dPL h n Clower pyti ) Bat PCON Power Contreo| 4TH Scon* Serial contra! gen TOON” Timur £) Countiy 8oH contvol TMD: Thener/coptreat Made cortret 2H SBUF Serio dato buffer 44H esw* Biz, Prog: Stalus Word Don 50 Bititirrupr erertig, certrat Beit ube " = lt PSO: PSp => 4, Gee. had ean n6-of ont ] Do. acc. has aad ne: of €4's, ues) Pswa: Undefined } PsWwat oto She on. do The Gi bik not inthe 7 on vie vera ( ve? ahen psw = 4) (ee cory 0 gumrond in 96 net tn D1 ow ta Dy totin De i a coutor bank Psy PSwyr Thee a bile are uted Ip select 0 parks fram the toanle veg - \ | Cn = PSWy PSW3, Bank Selected | THO Temerfaunbro (wgh) Sen peg ee) ee To u © bttis) San ° 0 Bank 0 Tha m 2 Chgh) Spi 0 2 Bahk 4 Tet ' PR 4 ° Ganka HesIGM pyneesagan igh L Bonk 3 neve Soe ad P Swe? Fo i avolalis Tp user ad a genet at fag. Tis flag can be Ast nastt oy tng eee Pole? If Sano gerercoled fren 3 9 Dy > Tun Pwo at, othe PSwe =0 = wnercolad at Dy , PSw4>1, ofheru jue PSus,50 a nt # dreed ant], ocan"ygf Fea xe dromege peony Se PR edged -UMd ad a GPR - i = Were tf an entinuc” ne oPrR whith & wed So oe F contin: J DPR but ghee t no uch eudruc™ which ~ decrement Tre conlint of DPTR- TIMER REG-! eas There are & 16 -bik Semen & counter _ ahich ave ia the form of pal» os THO 4, THO ond TLL) Tha in vegitltie é wnbiag - _ Tee opr of Shia 5a To give, Timing & 20 ee vertous modes in which tht eae eonfiguned 4 comtroted - Fox trie purpose to select The Siening mode , wid “6 jo cwonfol te ee, TEEN a vq: “tod? Ho forts? iene ane 4 lo porta fo, P1, Pa ,Pa- -Each port nos g-kiaes- & each tine bit- addremable- ADDRESSING MODES = MWe vartous nl modes ant » 4) Regiuir addrussing enode 9) Direct addressing mode 3) Regitfir indinect addnewing mode 4) Immediak. addressing mode 9) Bate vegiviir plas india vegiilir addnenng mode @ Ragistire oddrconti fig mode > Mn nagiili, Gddriiming > su9islirs Ro thetough, welaeled “ragt borR 5 accumuilaler , B-vegiulir DerR ore dud’ An MOS=S4 inden using gM inc en we aperana a apecsti cd fa The 2 a ag™ — Dirtee dfirrexgtng (rod uxeay Tn peuety 408 ba. afield Ra apc te upeciad func” regular . “eg: Mov A, dick be- MOV A, SHH (2) Regis Todieact Addnouing + ind alae Ro or Ru? Reqilir Indinel oddnewing wed one f His. repiilivs i OS hey cil datas @. ponter to The tocaliens in De aso ae main haha See afte Met adderemed Sp TEE amstice ediennal paneer bees The Aswert 256 loyae © att aadrened a: Mev Ay @ Ri 4) Bo. vequlec GQ Tmmedion Be mode ? Tmmediol. Baeeeng allows parcel Bu tautnuetion eg: Mov “As# HSH: Cs) Bare rapilire plus incre nogistere addeaning moda! | Thio mode oltewt a byt Je be accened Fa, prog. eamnorey » | cho addr to Coleulatid ad Te sum of a base regivae (DPTR orPC) and inden aagiter 1 aecunu ates - eg: Move As @ AtDPIR Tila Tnatrune? ws fetch a. pyle. from The. prog rumor howe addres to enbtalaled by adding tht original 8-wir unigned | cortlenle ef ne oetumiietre and we 18-biE contents Sf ARR DPTR copfntngd @FFFO nthe accu i Honed in FFPS' wih be ‘ i anne ‘asstolib The took a 8051 INSTRUCTION set |: 1+ DATA TRANSFES tmeediat, deta (tmstarta) ad a Cee nove Jo aut Soda te @ fy at Derk A. ny Mov A> R4 - ~ 1 byte ‘udrucLin - 2 MOV As dirack “(a-bit adden): og - Mov A, 34 conlint of 34H Con-chip RAM) to moved to A> ( But on-chip ROM ont ke atid asi 4 a 16-bit addres ) Move The vowlant'of on-chip doc” where addnen co given 20 The iniliuc” te Die aceumulotoy-“ a- byte Inotrue®. 3- Mov RajAt The confit of A to moved te The meglutin « C by detaut tank o)- eg: MOV Ra, fh =a byte fmulriuc” « mel 4. MOV A, #data: Meve immedial data I A- og: Mov A» HEH - FFH % Iraraferred Je°A directly « - Con ates Q-bit data ~ 8 byt infect. 5- Mov A»@ ez: Mow Rae @ ee eg addres to in The Ri- ot om t-byk wutruc’. eg. Mov A,@R7 The dota pnement in Qo The a pak Sua ae and Tie eonlint of thot ROR a <0 meved In A Le] = 350 egos) 2 (36tie= oan = E pe Then 04h willbe moved to A 2 ; 6: Mov Ragdinoct + Moye the Covileal of ont Jockin Ghee adda 2 gtwen tn he tn Ceo Coy aefoutt oan 0): eg: | Mov Rais aan eondent of B4H/% mene Js ThE Ra vefbank 0 Ct =a byl nilruclion Re 7 Mov he's Haat’: He bard gabed Lo she Elrret? badeby moved to tie regia - 6g? Mov Ry > HF 34H ~ Abyte snvarunc”. B- Mov dineer A # Move che conlent of oxrchy A to The mumony dnd? given tn The iniiediien: (a byte inttranc”) 4 MoV dimeel , Rn: Move Dhe condant of vegivin To Thy uno doc’ gene fn Te init”. C8 bye fruteiuc”) NO MOV ditt, direct 3 Move Tie ee one manor do? te os Joo gwen in The doarnc! 9. MoV 35H, 63H - - 3 bye inure’ a MoV dint, He data? Move Ih. data gun dn Te fone dinsctly % The mumary ot sapien Ae Ae: Hetgichion gs Mov Bun, OH - Ja- Mov dinest ,@Rt? Me data pretent in Ine on-chip memo location whore addres a prisert in Dhe Ri to moved to mimory Jocotion’ which t gin in The nine’. &: Mov ash ,@R3 > byte tnatruse” > Mov OR, diner * Ta data proent cn Te mumory Jed —__———..., 2 oy moved a an & gen in The, invrc® io " yaemer. Jegivtdlngre address % pritent in Ri- uy Oa, 25" (2 by) 4, MOV _DPTR JF 4SooHt i Lectareéeyp otes tne MOV A, @ATDPTR? Move code byl selative to. DETR te A: —— =f byte: Moy Ar@ A+PC= Move code Wyte relalive do fC te Ao oS Sn Rs bgt Mov @ Ri, tdata : Move immedials data Jo Ihe shdinect RAM: E = a byte tnakmiie: pusn dincet Push Ihe dikecr byl ond stuck (2 -byt) Be MiVx Ay @Ri? Move Me oilianal RAM ( 9_b%t addres) Jo A- The coveat of raglan which noferca ee elennal RAM a te confent of we L- chip RAM or soe’ Gee A. (4 byte inetd TE of bon rapier tain creat tere aldeanieg mode. Lupe - BR-MOVX As @DPTR+ Move Die. ewtianal Ram ( 16 -bub addr) BB ocumuloter: 1 byl inlnudn: &B- MOVX @Ris At Move Te. acemmutatoy cain ty the edernat Ram (glk addnen)- 4 byt inte? M4 mMovxX @ PPTR »A? Move me content of A te ercernal RAM ( 46-bit address) - 1 byt inilriuc”. a5: XCM A,enet Eu@hangt Ue covint veg. with TA]: gee Ae ee g a = 26 XH A, Euchange The eenlint gan in Te inten’ with CAT. Q a xch wy @ Rts Bokeh gh indirect Moye indiac’ BB: XCiD_As@Re 3/ Eutha fal ARITHMETIC INSTRUCTIONS: ASE AEE TRU CTIONS MNEMGNICS DESCRIPTION Byte | 2. ADD A, Rn Add vegivtin i A 2 BADD A, dined Add diineck byte to A 3 ADA, @at Add indirect Ram to A . fe ADD A , 4+ data Add tmmediole dala te A a 5. ADC Ay Ra Bd vegitlin Jo A aitth 1 oe & ADC A, direct Adel” direct byte tp A pec BR ADOC A,@Ri Add indénect RAM to A with ADOC A, data Add trmadiot, data, te A with corny / SUB As Rn Subtnat venivtin from accumulator “SUB OA, dinect Subtract direct byl. frm A - SUB A @ RE Subtract indirect Ram from A- lta-sup a,drdata © Subbeacr Gamadiala deta from A 43- SoBB A, Rn Subtract regular from A with borrow I4-SuB6 A, dinect Subtract dineck bye free A wan borrow - -SUBB As@ RE Subtract indinect RAM from A © Ui oovrow + SuBByA, Halo! et dato. Inc A Inc poed 06 - DEC Rn DEC direct -dEc @R Inc DPTR. Tnuemont date poutin MUL AB Mud, ASB (16 bie predud in BIA regen } eet BS Divide A 8 ( quotvent a A» Tumandan La By : DA A Detimos adjusx acuumulator Bl Logitcat INSTRUCTIONS : MNEMONICS ae ANL A; Rn a+ ANL A, direct Be ANL A, @aRe 4- ANL A, # dota Se ANL dineet A 6+ ANL dine Fdata Ts ORL AsRa B ORL Ay dfaoer 4° ORL AS @Rz lor ORL A 5 data At ORL direct 5 A 18- ORL direct a dota, 43- xRL AS Ra hate XRL A» dénget + 15. xR A, ORE 4b. xRL Ay HE dala 41. xR ates A AS XRL (heel, Hdote 44, CLR A 20, cPLA a RL A aa. Rie A 23- RR A a4 RRC A 25 SWAP A DESCRIPTION AND registir To aceumnut ater AND direct logit ie A AND indinect RAM tp A AND Ummidiale data Jo A AND aceumudoler to dtu b AND immudial data to dined byt oR yi tA OR direct byte Ja A oR indénect RAM Io A OR imeadiot olota To A OR Octumuctey to dinecheybe OR ammidtal date ge direct byt XoR reg ian tags Kok dinack byty te A KOR indiuck RAM Toh XoR: immediot deta A ROR aeeumuletr tondiceet™ byte XOR Unmédiat® ella trdingct byte Uke acuumulator Compliment acemutosor Roto accumulator Left Roto A left throug’ cori. Rota accumulator saga Rete A wright Annough on Swap ribblta within Tu A eg: Swap A vefore TA] — 35h afer TAI —> 53H BYTE oP Pewee BRER PR eR YOR Peep Ww wD BR pe alia, a ld il BOOLEAN VARIABLE MANIPULATION INSTRUCTION = MNEMONICS DESCRIPTION BYTE 4- cir e¢ Car C 1 Q- cle bir dear dine bit 2 3-'SETS: ¢ Sa ce 4 4+ SETS bit Sch dinect bit BS 5 cA Complement a G cPL bak Complement dinact bit 7 ANL c, bat AND dineel bit do carry 2 8 ANL cc» /bur AND complement of diruct bik Ie cony a q+ ORL ¢, vit OR dire bik IB a lo: ORL Cs | bib oR complement of direct bik ft com a 44+ Mov Cy bir Mav@indineet bit Je canmy a 12+ MoV bir 4c Mee Zo dinect ost : a 13- Je reel, = 14- INT rol 45- JB bit, cl -tb- ONS bit ) sul dl. Jee pir; mt 5] PRoGRAMCeRinGding ENSTRUETIAN nD } MNEMON IC S DESCRIPTION BYTE + ACALL addre 14 Abrus wubrouline call 2 a LCALL addnib tara, wurlortoulcnd cal a5 3. RET Retren foo SSeS: es 4: Retr educa From inlecrwpl S S- ATMP adda it Abgalute [amp a 6: LIMP oddn 16 long jump ‘i 7. same net Short jump (relative adders ) 9. ime @ A+ dere Jump indicat meldlive t6 DPTR = Q- Jz eat Tumip attunulalor % jero 4o- INZ rub Jump if accumulator %e eat gore a Mt CINE A; direct oh — Comparte direct bg. to acuumulator 3 ard jump Uf mot equal. 4a CINE A, dot rd compang immedialé dat te A and 3 Sump y rot qual: 13. CINE Ro >riFdalajrel Compare tmmediale to veqalir 3 and jane if mat equal M4-CINE @Ri , data ,vek Compara tmmediols Is indinect 3 by and jump if not qqual- 45. DINZ Rn rub Decrement reqgiulia end jure if 3 not yero 16- DINZ disetl , eb ae if nor. sero Tt MOP ao No opewotion PIN DESCRIPTI OF 8053|: 4 XTALR SO RTAL ¢ RbeteaTAL we XTALD AK XTALA & groundec a Net Sohal ho P ee rn }-eo-1/ ADT 3 NSS * St grounded - RxDl¢3-0 ee reaah ele ite 4: Pont 0: B- bit, bi. dineckimal _ Pa-T (Ai opin chain Fo + Lows oraeraddney tol 73-4 P26 1A ond data bus ‘e lle multiplet ut with Pont o- ol °3-7 & feet 1 B-bit quay by direct tonol 51g. St Ine ctonfouned a0 then tp or elp- writing a1” to Ane port latch Caused Ub” Ty ach ad é/p- Nove Quoti—> Port ping arte pulled high aerial with fru pall Ge TF Fam meeting The, dviee - Pin interrupt to an ewent Shot infirrupte nereal prog. exeution - ge us a mechanism tp put-cn-hold the normal prog: flew, te oO Jub-rsuting and Motume normal program - This vuoroutine io called od an Jnlireeupt handler and % only erecutid when a certain overt tenn - Need of trilererupt * When certain overle eter, tre ability to inlernupt maremal prog meetin males dE gasiert and much’ move afficert To Nance Contain condition « Mcg-51 smpporda S veetonad Intereespls sowtas. Tete are erdarenal Zafireenpt O + edennal intireruupts 4» Limer/ courier 0 inireruspt + TinerpeestTer 4 (erupt £ portal port inlenrapts when opMalarrupt W@W gananald » The pc io pushed, tack + Verfored addrasd tp Joaded tipi pc. As De, tag” Io Enlertnal, inlirrupt 0 IEO - 0003H ight TRO plo NE nel OER ferutt] courier © iAlrupt = TO coop Suet fiat af timer [ evs Erirnal interest ag 4 immi pia ret Guidn 8 git Pte transi on p2n INTI Tier] eoustere 1 TRA oo1gH overflow of Timer) Beir tour 4+ Rerial port Ri+te 0023H when ether T1or RI Fag io tere Initializing $054 tntereeupts * The interrupt enable (IE) -reginten, allows Ihe programmut Wm enable inlévrupls ad needed- To vregiir Ie y bir addeemable. le] be BS PETS ex]ero Exo EA: 9% w fore enoble alt if EA =0, didoble all inkerrupla EAs 1 > allouss aach of individual inlirrupt To enabled - ES Enabl/ disable vertal port interrupt if ES =0y dobie 1 se Mga (provided ea = 1) Etat Mable]! digabliiedimet interrupts TP rugiAtert to alto wit addremeabis + ere dct, She portialer inieruspt wit have high ester : -a vee prvorely inkinrupt con ilzrrupt ean The tow prdortly , bat a. igh oe inlirrenpt will n5t oe inlirruspled Te dew priory au ee equa 9 sop a differant. Priority ola A ously» 1 ray 3 hv ah rel cu Wa dared + duwel inlirruspts vequett Jimultanenurly , “Joie BRU a pattin etieree. dk $05 ete. ast bie he Hone x4 oF ome ici. ara see , dee \ighs Then $054 emeuiles fom addruws exceed 20008 OFFFH oso ©) EA Stalia of ER pin | Program execution frm | pregram excutin fron co00H tnrough OFFFH 1000H crnighn FRFPH tHighn (4) Trllertnal Progrrasn manners Edirol, preg: nein tow (0) Exlirnal Prag. memory EnGienal prog: amor - Afien that , Jecatins 1000 through FFFFH are excelid From The ontirenal mumorey poriion- ~ Tf ER pin %4 held dow, Den 8051 executes saufuctiona from odirnat memory only . Te exdennal 64K of data. memory cn be aceetied wing Mov x dintinuckim - FFFEH amen ~ The tnlinnal data mamavy @ 38051 t ase bytia, uhich divided inld Jain parda again: ~ The dower 199 bytes (00H Harcoee inlgened data RAM and The conits f upectoh function The upper 18 oylia Ff irnat data, wooiony Gne alig addaeyoble.. TEN) Ged as oe upper tag byte (oH through FF) CSERs)- mm can of $034/sa, ~ Even hough ne SPRS Gnd. upper sag byte of RAM have the | dame addres MOE» Meg are aifferant ond ceed Hanaugh differen dddeaning modi - (uss) (se) ’ FH 147 arn BE addremoble on-chip RAM (Individual biG con be Oddrened with BUC addretses rangi a fom oot & te) aon 36 V sane 3 (Re tnvough e2)) Cierny Bank 4 (5 through 1) ] Bank.a( Ro through @7) P30 —? RxD Jet “ ¢3-1] Erp) “esol glee C > £0 § (3-2 —> “into eilirenal inGirtupt”| P36 3 R ewiinnal dato ‘eta P3-3 —> INTL edarnal inlerrupt] P31 RD ae AS: UMd tore latching Sa ewe addres gle da evilucensal . PEN: Yarn ubore enobe (ASEM) wo Je ep cordrol gnal, odivela. enemy wk ouillodre Persocla, while fetching The erilernal prog ewer Duning Sedirenad,. frags een , Te mumaine Wh « . EA #(entirenad Acces), cahun tk 2 high» eeuiles eas De, ‘lerenol preg WL address OFFFH ; cs, Da chs dds » Dre Erste” frm odin fe 10 dew 5 ae eee ory ace INTEL- 8086 FEATURES: Ot % O 46- bit PRocemant - ~ St uses H- Mos a chnali & containg 4 24,005 wiscuseeeh. °94 1 Oppronimoluly artound - & wa 4o-pin t¢ package - ri Spey fra = SMH ~ Pawere “Suppiy = Vdc ~ Veruiona => So8e-a, 8080-4 ~ Adwantad vertiion = 0296 , 86386 , 80387 - ~ Te one imp: ftolane af BORG ta shat , 1E can’ pra fetch upte 6 instruct Dyed Myre The, wemsry ond quiats tum. ia avd te peed up the prctiotg ox fr cf One ciliary - 94% also knowin as pipeline proceriore - Et ost ie eatery er ae fo / ff ~ Te addrewVange 900008 te Tt ~~ - An TC. 8284 1 UAAd ey BORE cy he requiced elec Pre ~ Boge uses segetetled coins cencapt Te handle Be ah saan spec off chu : ve ee . — 7 = to Re8e Sie Spcode: ferchting Kn? enleeubren af incre! tan flack Aimutancot - Hand, tk to known ad a pipeline procesn « — A 46-bit word in Bose we Q comeenbve mnunerey dec”. The $8 jhe word Wilh be wtoved ot Jower addruy § 7 M56 of the ord all be steved on highir adds - = 3026 io having a powerful indrusc” wet which mnduded mulliplicabim, divivton & various arttamalic opt | soas can moad a 16-bit word in one opr” if The tt og f The dota wa ol an oven addres - J - A tales 2 esnseeube w apa’a for a agit word The bt bgt f the data % of” an odd addrettd - of R086 %o eg: Mov addr , ox 4 Mov 45030H » BX Hore the addrters 4S030H > eyen- So, the mave dnttrec™ deods The conlent vi BHA BE tb Du Joc” 45031 4 45030r feanpactivey in ok “aceets - eg: Mow 4g031H, BX Have dhe addres ia codd- To Joad the conlint of BL 4 BH the proewer wil take Q accey- = 8086 Aupports mubbip recor - 8036 can be confe & mulb'prceuer ag pin ae) O4o small uni- proamsr egy ot ad “ae scree & contraiting pin oF J ay Sass acer ( a) Bud ialuasiog ont (81u) EXECUTION UNIT : The exetution uni of 8086 handle oll controlling funcla , wien ad - as we Bru veahune. to fetch insdeue”, where to Yead a. aia & ato peeforena dhe tact” _ decoding 4 neu”. = Re. 2 Te EU to to further Julodividid ints - 1+ Tnutruie™ decoder § control aslo Ayia ( tpes) a- ALU 3 4 iw , Addeass) stalua Addreys|dalia. (ADs -ADic ) Arc[Sa~ Atal So Nimory adda. § data, bua “inlerfack a t E § Bus Interface Unik BP St Executvon Unit Flags Ge) Se Then ak Pownter Bini Hic ‘ Segraent Ragiaae Ipcs: The fatirenc™ decoder dranslalia the received iovtruc™ from O1U 4 Perforena Tae raceviong op” ~The TCS parforum IRL paper aequencia A proper anne nijabien ak 5 9 evatia The mean any. central se Z She Aerooth Panta an iattrusc’ ALU: 9t can work ad an -bit or ad A 16. bit procenor. GPRS? s086 has 4 GPRI apne AX, BX, CX, DX - 5 Seon tag: 2 46 - bik end can be subdivided inte AR & AL whens AH higher ovdéir bs AX See ~ Gonsreal, name af AX % actumulatar - Bxt Cold ad Bee VM ate fits: called aA ment painter eX? cousler : Se be wed as an implrett operand or dutinabin Stack psinler — Bae poinkir — All are ugk 36 hatd the Pret oddeus - SEGMENT REGISTER : had 4 Aepment Megas sagislirs (but $6 segments) — Code Aegraent Ces) > Data, torent ps) 7 Stack segment (ss) wb, egies Ges) The -Ditol. mame -sor6\( 1m8) “ee ~ The bu 24 unt coleutol: The, ao-bik phyuicol ad ee The usere provided Joyzeak addres nd off - 2k addratd - # i ~The Jogical addr ing wut The 46 bik esnlint of CS, DS ,[Link]. and The “ket addrt- noting but’ The TPC Tastee” Pointir) 5 SiG: xoure, inde) > OL. Sais fen inden) = The phyptcal adldrets i coleuloted multiolgrng oH with me dete addres { adaing Ane off-0t addnes- wk eg: {es}: &., 2234 H Ue] = oo3cH Then physical -addniy = 41234H X1oH + 063CH oF: = 12340 H +003cH Affective addra = Srteee wee Tg WH 0SR confant i» the logtal adda, Han s/ pr coniat 37 Mi, BUS INTERFACING UNIT 3 Thin teliten conaiala af forawing dol tection 4+ Tretia” queue Q on poinen 3-,Contval § gi al 1- Thunuction” Queue? Os at ata pn fd po = 9¢ had a "byl FIFO ol oe ey decacking or exbuntin ony Gre , ot thal Tig, He dacan't squire i buska- Hence fhe lures AS lf pate Bat io cave frase, Te BIy wit sean Func independently. Deng She, in cunealicn £7 decoding “BE urtk tolead ume control ove bured § fever pre. fetcrs tne inutrac” bytta from the f= wuttiition unit - - Thin pae-fetcud frutrac™S ae Uldnd in a 6 -byli reg Ynown as intknelion qusus vegisten -. ela exauiiion unit to free, ik can sett aceon the I a Tadruchion Point : St holds Oe ff- set addnin (16-pie) Jor colustotin g 20-bit phpical acldness- 3. Bus Control £ Addnew generator — Uaed oY BIU Sp tonlncl The sulianat buter- - St also A Be ee tiay Latin y oe ean agai and alte aynchtonigotian va gn Get WE smosth opa” of sense” PIN Description OF $686: pdidbaic °° eee ees Te whole pina of S086 ave Sepia ta 2 groups. de PINS common to both min £ mau™ mods - 2+ Speefat PINS for min™ mode 3- Speevol Ps for maw” mede- 4+ COMMON PINs : 3- (AD, = ADig]? Painestienst dota bus. Carrtiat address deni Ba tae alk yell and Candy data fox NG mAs Ang 2+] Ase] Sa.6AtinlSq , Aag Se 5 Arale|t Thue are time mulyplead pddaeiies totes sinus - Durrirg Tam, Thre are Th MSB ila fa of Thy GAdews for Oe Of thet? biti ane tas, —y/ , Ale E eri mt ( ody Cl ey cea 9_— Jjo.~ opr” % as ee - «© = Te utdtus inform cuvetledole From strove Ling Baring Ti, TRS SEU periods oviwarda, Smee aacpe gi are Signe. Pruleipbeaced aK Additional func” J $3 § Sy % 4 indicate © Hegmast Dae ee aay, 83 2 o eaten: aegeruct | autrnat 5 4 Stack Aegrunk 4. 0 fate oe 1 4 [ene I sa] + Bhe > Bus high enable « 5 - Win ui fo uted To indicale De Sn f data ever Ah ighen, onde dota, bua: Cie. Dg to Dig - tan adlive Low signal § nesporibse fort dota Inansden gy hight order loglis « - $1 toa status dignal which indicatia Jor certain acknowledge. ment signal (for inlirrupts ) [RB]: netic re signat and whew Dm statis foe Tet, Te of = le - fepsh pouunealiney dies “ ony cod 4 Tye Jigaed gumains Urvutated ae Sie, held ocknoe fidget pte he ia ge ee De ga etl nee & i ae aby intigfely Leche i reek TREN to lamin bya Waid ; | yer fo C1 dauBml uate S _T 1D Test = 4 5 procemore wih be in idle © stoke + INMT] (Non -markalole snterruspt) : This Wo an edge Drugguned “ep ch couttet a Type & ‘ikerupts A Taruitin frm Jew ta high pole heb weaporuc ok Tie end of tre cunmtent inwtieuc’ 2 inferrnally lynchwontyed- Rt g Ot cous The procemor te Ienminat The euneent and stant eneasrtion fromfFFFont- 9+ mutt be adkbe Jor 4 dock cycles. Strettants eeu" when RESET =O [ELK]; ot provides the basic a at proceso opr’ § bus Meal aclu 3 = 33.7. C= dat yy ~ freq: range SMtz ~ 1eMtz. TEV powers chupply Gor the oe) inlienal cet - “ Ja. [GRound|: Ground fon inlinnal elt- 15. [uiv/ iax|: Gan The Jogtc Jevela at Uhia pin avefdia whettert The prowtion rpevalia ia min™ modt (kings precevior) oy man” mode ( muLtipro comer ) . &- PINs FoR MINIMUM MODE * Tf wi 1. meray wll be Aekoled Oe, Sata now % fa wluoINTA=6, Jha pademort haysltiaMad De iUnrupt: Tio, Mepnal to used aL = Aha Mad sarrobe For finlegmupt acknowledge yeu 3. [ALE Tt tndicalis oe by, ‘ / > addr | data Lnud—s anc to a2 4: |OT/ Ri: Date deemaence | reeeenye This O]p ia Tp deride The. din® of ¢ sank roleivers (diddrictin dD fue )- Bhan) proaxoat Binds data, his wignal b highs - when proces Mecciver data uu Jow- S. THotp]: a wWhin tk & highs tt indicatio to Tu, prowat thal Grothe ral to nequering Gh, wus ucdd- IED an atynchrenona up 4 2b Mnould be dygnehoniged etarneal & L After neesiving Holds Te pP immu The acknowledge sergio on HLDA Pin: wun“ Holp=a, HLA @ made a. Adve Jow signal 5 Performa corde opr” - Dota sable ~ This ignol indiwabes cu, cvailalpisty q Valic data ever addr bud & dela bus - Tia & utd to enable She dtitansnecetver Je separate Tie data from the mul plered address | data Abgnal « PINS FOR MAXIMUM MODE : [Bel ares) » Tex are 3 Jtclus Sines wed Tp indicolt Vasuioud opn"s carried our by prowuor . oa Sa aie Opertation @ Tatrrupt ackrouieds Wm, Rta xo x Tay Ser eee Se ] = ECG 4. 6.P..0 6.6.5 _ 1) St indicaly snot othut sytem bus madlery will be prevented from gaining She Aylin oud while the, LK = 0 - [eA] Weare quae tid ps = Thee dines give The fnforem” aloout Se. sctciTua of The coda preferched queue ( Tare” Queur fey) Q34 QS Operation 6 0 Nop 0 4! Axe byt of he opcode from te Quectee ‘ 4 0 Emply The queue 1 Ae Subarquant byt of the &R 4 . 3 Whete ane fox magus | orcant - ~ Thee pina are ured by other Jocat bus mailers in Man- mode to. fore the “proweuer Im noteate Ike Jocal bud Gftr Ire prowuer complelid UG Uunrent bus ugele . ~ Thee are bi-dineetimat péna RB) GT, haa highere prionig than RQ/ iT, Wheat to ation and physical memon erganisatian GF 80302 “gue aD Tee MEMORY ese tating WE divided Ll a number af logical eK bytia tas wige and “ crldiee ved sagulana The ibebir eonlents - = point 25 Tha startltog londlion of a. pardicbar segensXt - ade Tha ofAgt adeno to alto 16— ett > (aud don'be EXEEG. of THD eS” Hye Prog, BT! ud 64K Lotahona he CPL B08 % able Jb addra 1MB of phyttool enemony. Ha complete imp can be divided ilo 1g dagenerd fe each J" GKS ot e- the aaa ae Kegmerls may Woe alligasd a8 06000 ts FOOGH cipeclivalyy He Apt a Woluns ara from O000K to FFFEH tp trak-tne pgiical OCR anges from oo0coK 1 FFFFEH- Te meta adudrings> Ff Aches GR + AE pues Tie enteory Chip copacity to be ame aktwugn Ae aduol addremcs Ip be handed ont gq 16-be wige- RAumun The placa of code > dala and rock portion of the dome program 2n9 Cdifferunt parte ( segment) of memnarty , doy dota“ and code protection. > Dorcila a pro andlor W-cata te be put alesis ferent ancaa of mary toch Lire De: regres exLuiled- %-e- Prow Men i nelocation Yo 00000 PHYSICAL MEMORY ORGANIZATION ¢ 4000 = Th 8080, The 1M@ memory 2a set Play eget anised aa an odd bank and ao een “ban gach J 519K G, acldrened in Seca rent data afth on even addeay to oe on Dj~ Do swhile The ts dota. “with an odd oddeew ts Srans, 08 Dig - Dg bus Lina - The procisore provides @ enable stynola » BRE ond Ae for. Aclection f eit ower or edd cr woth The banks - the iniltuc"s nam to Jetched, from B mee orb eeraned FrFFF a The grate id fe rducten ~ TO Mead on urike a complete word from / Jo memo vif wie te ee eee Sea rely ore net ore WwrdXE eyele “a néquinad- of The word wo Jocdled chan odd addres oye. 10 naquinad fart acemeng The tower gle Nequired fore aes) Wi Leper byte te. A bus myst 2096 ta a 16-bit Wiluroprecenor and hence ean accetd gq dota in one MR/mw/TOR/ Tow spn”. But react chips ame of as yf MSC + So, A eorkeeTie memory Jor"S arle uted C tort byt co Atoned in dat Jas’) We yte to rh ao en uted En the newt A map of an 9686 Utara at 00000 and anda at FFFFFH: gog6 beng a 16-bit proctor & eupeclid to | ace 16-bic data tb] B- bir eredkalode ey chips ca ca Thus bile De- D1 of a 16-bit data wilh be Sirranafecreed OVUT Do = Di (dower nytt) of 46-bit deta bus to/from g-bie (2) and bit Mg-Ds f De 16-bit dala we Inang ove Dg Dis Chighere byt) f Tie 16- bb didlo “bus J Tu we, Jol from B- BAe ca). Thus Jo achive 16-bit dota, Inansfet uring S-bit mumorucs, im partatet > The map of Uke cempleli pylon loyle memory Addrene @ fo divided «0% ar runny Eoake: ADDRESSING MODES OF goge< aa The Mapas orearateay Magi Oe 3 4+ Immediate Ty Bate inden. a: Direct 8. Reldlive base index a: Ragitir . 4: Inlrta Jegment. dereect 4° RegiMix incinedt 40. dtktech 5. Tndex ; 44+ Inn segenent direct © Ragin nelative 42: Tali egrment indénedk eno: 13. T16 Dome open 86 IFOrE GSE In Unio coe, a 46-bir lacuna sts ceca asi ba preevtdid in Tre inuirtuc? doef - ey: Mova ax, Fooson] How The Atfault aegmunt io DS- The qeluak phyricat addres PA = 10H xs + off-set addres - REGISTER ADDRESSING MODE 2 Th thio addraning mode, data i otered sronyfa takes Place boa” a veg - eg: MoV AX, BX- * Euupt IP. (9t can't be wud in this mode) 4 REGISTER INDIRECT ADDRESSING MODE: The off- ret add. of tre data % present in Tin veg eg: Mov ax, [ex] The cmbint f ox = off-at adda. Hare She default segment register “0 dthan PS or E5- Here Sr § DI an be uted to tore He off-aX addres. PA = lon x ps + LBxT 5. INDEX ADDRESSING MODE + Mere the off-set addr. i evel én one Bhs. weg. inde ny Defaunt segarieed. 2 os- eqs Mov AX, CSrJ = Pa= ionk S54 £57]. PAD= ioe xos CDF] & REGISTER RELATIVE RELATIVE Th hig addleiatag ode , Tt | effective addres adding Ao oon 2 -bibif” Mag — it dicplamind ath TRL csnene ort, The veg. Slee Bx Cee f stipe [wth Gre dgefotelt gagreert DS oa ES - eg: Mov AX, 50H Cx] PR = ton x0S+ Son + Cx] 7. BASED INDEX Here De effelive oddrers ff The data ‘i formed bog eudding The coment Ff a bare requlen (8x oy BP) wih Muy conlent gf inden vg: (st] pr) aeng with ne dafoult £9 ment ( 0s [es) - og: MoV AK sextlsr] fa = ony vs + [8x] + Csr] ny b. RELATIVE BASED INDEX ADDRESSING MODE = EE _ SES BERS NOL EUG Of we put a dirplacement G &-bit| 16-bit Jp based index | Addie. mode, Unik wilt be Known as noletive bated inden a-mody ! : ey. Mov AX, Son Tex] Ost) PA = JOH XDS+ Son + Cexj+CsrJ ; IMPLIED ADDRESSING MopE : clk, HUT o- 15/PoRT ADDRESSING MODE: IN 3 06H PPM? Teg pode ede (witty vox pel paidsd io Thal buTrul We adde- of She pont will be taken from Dx. eg: OUT DX AL IN AL» Dx 8 Te coin’ of Affirart. raging one given aleve: Form effective addmemes Pp cigoceel a (ret ( diaplacement ) = ‘ x : : . = to00n » [8x7- R00an » CST] - 300att» A aa ie, Mea cane TsPJ-Gos0n, [es] - cooott, CosJ-tooott » x og Shifting ao numbut 4 Idea % equivalent te wnat plyzng AE by top on don Oy Dinert addrawing made Moy ax, [scoon) DS: oFFSET <9 1000H + Soastt ton* 05 > 10000 offset e+ 5000 1sc06H - Effecbve adden - Gi) kagiatere indirect = Mov Ax , [Bx] 95: Bx => locoH : 2a06H loH*# PS => 10000 Cex > +2000 A206 H = Effective adda. ait) Regine fautine z 10 ¥-DS > 46d00re offser ee : Lect Le 2 OC set os CBX+sty >. : 40H % DS = 10000 CexJ > + 2000 [$1] > _+3000 \so0oh - Effedliie adde- () Biltive Baad Eden: Mov AX, Sooo [ax sr] bs :(@x+sT +5000] IOH%* DS = 10000 [8xJ = 12000 [St] > + 3000 offser > +5000 1Aco6 - fective address « 80386 (woe) a) FEATURES: ~ 28D & 32-bit procuar- 7 ules HMOs -3 techno toga ~ oto Tene a vy high oparaling Fea. 6%. 20 = [Link] - ~ 3t vuponds 2 pit] 36-bit | 29-bit ~The 0-6 dda. ine to 32- S0,it can addewys upts 2. GB. ~ can accus epilo SATB of virlink, memarey (eat) 176 = Qi? Nnpttonan cata = git ~ 8% providus Trulli tas len dupparts , memo: managenesty pipeline . ‘ 2 archi teclane and a Wigh peed interface oo ae” a Semi, ~ 24 knownad pipeline proayor ao Fivof > decodtiig, execu” anit manigog mngmt, buy Geers deletoh “iohtrec” coon opov ale oto “Ime ee : — Sty reniity 129° ines. A - S% offer veruions ane if 80386 SX | 86326.60> = SHhos 43a pin TC package -(QrP- Quadna cline packaging) ARCHIFECTUR i Enceation Unit Page Unik Corirtol unit Tranabim Data, uaik eee Protecting Page tat Trantohy Bar Tilrface Unit (Bru) cv Ceemnet unit) > 0U ( Bata vvit) Py SRTU 3 Contino Unit: gt eontaind micro ded and various parolee hjws fey Farle antthnslie ope” Jie. Mubtiplica, oliver” 4 effective adda. coleut”. Doo, unit > This includes ALU» PRs for performing various dagicak pa” Pus Thin unit duce for preatee” violation undue te tonal of cantata sioracodts Segenant + Th order to manage the haege eee) of £0386 The, otal fo dtytded inte “corttain Sinee 50386 haa qrviftaad memory of 6478 , te hendel this manors ae ap fees a 18 April, ruled oF ot HOLL = ‘ ota ren o'te:s. ia YD Ce :S REGISTER ORGANIZATION OF 90386 : An Bo3sp has 16 epee Type f nagulrs ang TS Taras oct Se Ba -bit regis perl \ E_AX E-st E Bx anes Cee entire.) Escx “Seer E-Dk 6-SP e c 2 4 803¢6 had +H Ie -bit regulars es C5, 88,08, ES,FS,45 ' os | Baceshis 3 E-AX ©- 8x oe General data ond E- Dx [e-sr | Addr raglan e- or &- ee ES 45 ° es 3s OS dala uegment eS 2 # Fs qs 34 a 7 &-IP E- FLAG Tans art anotan tivo 32-bst 1G prerert ingwo396 nom E=1P), E-FLAG - FLAG (REGISTER : Dit Du Dis Diy Dis Di2 Dy Ow Da OF 01 DE Ds Dy cz D2 D1 Do i ve er] o [ST ae oF beer se|zelo lar] or | Je T fhes «ok oe Resume Yo 4 © ailing Paral fag ils Hag Sai “ad flag dover Signad Fig virtual, ag mode Need TAAP flag fowl leg Telunupt H04 ——— > diructin fa > Overt flow Og t 03, > Rerterwed for Iwter J a9 X whereever 0 io prevent be vesepand for INTE! So, we Can put 0. ot — Reterwred BUG are Dy» Os, Dis end Dry to Day - Thur ane metertwed for INTEL: Hane ong always ut Bb O- Re: of KF =4 4 80386 pea ot see free RF =O» froceMor has To give. vervien So Ti, a | } VM; 4 VM = 4, $0386 exeerileg S086 pertain: VM 20> 80386 spuraie 20336 epa’( profecled) NTi Reuldhd to The vedluna operation tH NT=0., noremol RET NT=41 tnddnect RET euperant TopL: 2tetndicalalyaae pravidage devel of the 2/0 ope” + = De Gy -Q- bik faa Ahad, Auppordla 80336 prodteehon falar po somone y rm - Thinfidd defines the provitage devel plied to emeTe ne Tho _tnstrusc” MODES OF OPERATION OF 20386% |) a BdRe SpeRALE tn Sas ic nee a a 3+ Bead (aaah enbae ¢ ) 2. Poolected 3. VereTual PROTECTED ADDRESS MODE = PROTESTED: RUBE SEINE = - st %@ @ normal 39-bit operation mode g £0396 . ab Te inttrcc's, faliuus J 80986 art ovoilalole tn His mode « = mere 80386 can addras 466 f physical real enamorag and 64 TB x virinol memory ~ 9n Tio modt The conlent uted ad Jeedors To addrou desereipfore uhich contains segment dinik 5 bare address Pristechid nade addreititng will 4) ~ The effective addr. % added with The hare addit lo colaubel LineartMaddrers- This cian” add. to functherc Gsidad physical addrcera yf paging unk ts By Otheruue anh Pageeg unt ~“comadar the Jean aalde- tnld Phytteas adctness = s f if REAL ADDRESSING MaDe: pane Sel sel ( ew =e Kowa oo -iateengd ns ee © a e ie opm, Thee HP depends > Pingo. at unde ~ FO Ea apgertg plo The cara grgmynyn + fi gat. atinphe £486 wth a Faas’ news Soden i ~ 4A reeoh mode, £0326 can addres uplo Ima of prystcas tramoray with She veers int Ao t Aig « = Hene tne pagéng uri % dialold - Honce the meal address % tame ad that f the physeat adelreta - —To form The physical addireets» approprivale toed Ci6-bit) ome shifad tft ty 4 big 4 thea addid witn 6-bir off-scd addeew- > MODE = Ths w kneen od VSG mode The mod Ata) G at ordi Ree uy bet 36 mode TO "y we or Apetd 2, 4 a in Ug i apr, 80386 £0 or grunt fo 4a colo nsa Pugh Ty roe! / enkiry take gong back £ cok wmode Vaetneue “ein Th ve of pre Sona 9; fle She 34) oy Lan ga pre The addresing michanitm in Vée wmode i dame with that of Le So3e6 “cxad m Tr virwdal mode phyetcal memory = 4 og thot may be The AGB apace of addwoer in Wetec mode” Sn zie Memory - Paging io one of The rend 1 Feeeh. Feel e 6 TOL: phystal memo pt me i ie, heen poles ae = Paging machantim preicis on effietive Tichnique Je wf pak ny fog tg - F paging arte conusta J 4, page. table. page dinactong a page duteciptor ¢ bare | control 7g: faging nik : et Te paging unl Coser ae tifeate andeey which @ Provided by re segment unit ‘als physical asia: 9t conver Te. compl trap goa TK Fok pogac Ths, big of each 99: o 4ke- - rem Te 9Q- bit f dinton adelt., 61 41 are utecl f valeck © partiadee py. 19 4. 94 (10-bit) cme und Mick o povadan gy table. (29-91 ane wed t select @ parbrastan pg - Ga Page Directory : ~4KB Cmax™) in ize. cEAve ee © Ff Voy So, The Total ro. enlinds allowed Te a pe Eey) ‘ 1024. Page Tobie: m5 ail PELELFLT (a5 Flag eager) gLEBRES olf NT (sn) o= Ea O- BTS smablud ae. ir pois stp |i jes [is | Te |7-5)@5 | 6-5 2 ~~ ¢ Ges = mastead 4 OFS vot maittid 15) conerperd ard y= oll, inlzrenapta \encbled o e A digablid Pe Fac 9asT Node, sot Rig * u 5 q 3 2 . ° 7 6 TC |estinasd [Rotting DA | Dua e com S109 FAST maces ven a jaa) Tews: ke Soe Ds PH. 08 Ps tie. @}m [| ra] @ Lim) Apr] Saig | Do = 0, Temy apt ceqd: 1, Tews " Apache: fDi =O, 9254 & Fiaghs ee 7 a, 4 6% coltaidedt Meni aldaee P2> O01 tol add. ankerwal oF inbreup ly ue a n 4 MPS > os 8B Aniggening Pe Teggpaing Q. Tew2. Ao Dy Ke 95 Dy bs De Dy hE As > SNTEupt vector addr. Thy % uted To dead the. Wah - order bye 5 addaws J ol te ilerupts 4 Tis fo O01 6 ps Da 03 pe Dd) do oo Ta [a] ss | 51 sa [s: [Ss 5 | or S A—y IRilp nooo ste O—> FRYP cheesn't Nouvea Seve - Cmotiy david ke" D7 Dems Py 03 D2 D, De [b 6 lel @ [Bao [x2 [a | xg Sidve 19 (Glove dvuitce) fon D7 & ds Dy PS Be Dy Doi Ge sey, a 20% made |+ [ofe fe em Boe HIS) Azor] HP f9 o~ 2085 ™ ee Special fal ized Sor O= Nowra EOF Gl Not iSeNM tm D- ocwt t 1 Pe BED ds Db Dd, Dy 49 be mata — \a ma | M6 ms) a 42| m4 | Mol 0-9 to be unmasal we 07 De ds Dy D3 D2 Di Do OON2 one 2 Va leclen|o [oft [5 ]u| iar’ IR eve to be acid capo Me Di De 05 OY P3 D2 Di bt ocw3? ‘ Peal vl 0 |o Jesu smal oi e mele fon 4 0,014 evn eead Srectal nnaak var ssi Kei aan 29 003019 No action : ppeol = No poll eammard tN > cet asecoal mask . —~_ ada — 1 via ks ba es es? Rbk i genaeas De nét+in D7 os vice vera ftag ; eas C5 eagtner of £051) Ene ees f— enabe ; a ‘< sa se Meet fads a eS cs (Xo kim eS Cote aN cre)s 11 Teoxe) Dis Dn Po ou TET Tes Wop Flag Cif TR=4; proctor enlans inle tangle step execs? made) Te Talireeupt Flag ( 1 > mashable inkenaapls ave vecograed by (tai tobs 44 a I (y— Vieluak ageume ee Ve a Wp Bwes6 ekedateh 288 cnt Oo 4 a 8038S y CFs ts 803% snares al debugging fouls Os hare fo Give erie, So clelougy se NT + 15 Ondirect Kelana O > Normal Relurcn TOPL $ Jndicatts qne yrevielagje euch af cunnank Fo ope", > $244 Programmable Keubsard / terface. 4- 5S y Te 2249 te a bardwore oppreach te intefar a mnabtin, Keyboard and a mulkiplerd Pepa saith ake y ok te a WO-pm device with Loo major seqnends = ker boaral — ‘and Feplary * | -aatNes | —— Rt wa} QTL ATS —SieT. /——ouT A, ay > BO As PPBo- DBy Bidirectional databus cu > Clock, inpuk : RESET 7 Rael input ee —+ chp seleck P& Bp 7 Read operation SK a Wl 0 eration hs my Buffer Aeddrase IRA ~> Interrupt sequest oulpuk Slo ~ Sly -7 Sean lines , — Rlo - Rl Return Li cmer 7 Ep ene /sTe® 7 comfro\/ strobe OUT Ae ~ OUT As 7 Display LU) oulpuks oun Bs =dUT 8 > Diefley ce) outputs BD + Blank diepng output . — 7 The keyboard segment can be connecbed bo a nos inpuk rlodrin » Keyboard entrdec ane bl, -conlack Key F\ FO alebouriend Pei zhoned in Ye xntonveil (Live-in eivekoulyimernonty 1 an toloytifih ctqnol. ia produ Sith tach wl aa) d othe eee mank can fo Mad with euch Oy we ant ce ae te used mrad fonts a ya The disyloy can be ee Bp or “Lefh Cemtty Moginak y oe BB teeoel HK awit comiske of 4 rnojor sections Uke , keyboard y Scan) dfs ph and MPU unter fas * ‘d a Keybsord seckion §— ae —y Whe seclion trvolvee Lines Cele — RL4) that car he wonmeeve, 2 tolumns of a Keybrard plus Vicars additic cal Unec - shift ane NT. J616 The alakas of the SHIFT Ks and the ton bral way can be shorcad along with & key vesens 7s tee one outeratically deboursed ‘moe RS : Keyboard” tao operate in devo rrodac Klee 000 ke | ae ouke—or niche _rollevty * Tr dhe hee key Nockout mode jtf two keys Oe pressed almost siroultancousla y only the first hay is identified Yon the NZK cioulkencous .Kegt one eden'kied and thet codes -omte cloned in Abe paffer tk can also be eek up so thal internal we dented untkl arly one key wemalne No Key aoitover weeks. i “The sear section “eontains sce” coupherd and Four etanhins ($le72bs)- hike Sour “Sav Lines can be decoded, eng ah pb deegdey- Ac prodee 16 Une — for cannery = Tare Minis com he connecked & Hem rons: OP ery bode and the dg divers gore Wiflenseh ayy UF _ oy Section a into has & oulputhinu aided | “The deplay section = Ag and Bo ~Bs* Frace Nnar tan be { Lines or as Anoo Awe gpeeps ho uced ther % % Maat of Ligh groups of four * iP addition ith For & oultiphud Aisphy’ / by The dehy can be blanked by using |_y-Tais seclton tnvelve vex Aisthy RAMs The MPU eon read from oF wont into any of thie equator: . the scan Vnet the pp bine. ction S-—— + Ww Interface sation ¢ 5 “This ceclion involves g btdeneckional Cie, (Dee —DBe) , Ore tnternep— recquedt ine Cie) ond six. lines “for tnterfany ind "a Re butler addeas Line Che): 7 when No = hight) ’ ekgrials are inber preted «a cones! coords + oolo) naignelt tare interpreted a8 aek.* Hy IRQ. Uns ae tah whenever dala entries are kept iy the wager At p. BARA is o complex, “devie ‘Aidterent- commands be ueKeas a inchiabaaktor tommands de / + bet aN ane =F | clock, jraqatioy: > say ling addresses + RAM adducts Xo - cand © muose! doe vdratlihg fet « halen ion mat + thek can ateigt x ker various functions. io fw P a [Bag ~ Pregranmable DMA Contreller al taclraller 32 Vk ** used to ay ol & altline the DMA danckton in TATeVOPYOREOY syskems © . I as —r DMA capabilik permits deyiue suc : ert hes ud arate Weah spad dala Lvareters elect -2ithor lwo secbions of remrn” or belwen an Yo devi eran andy —zIn a mecreproussor chem 7 the 8a3t behaves a a prprerel controller devi cand tts oyerekion euch ty wikialixed Sivo! ofl This performed by reading, Ferorn OF andking into the bes oh the internal” 72 seheve = iy Whenever the, 8934 #4 nek fn use by a pert eval, Jevia foy DMA operation 4 HY ie IP odie sek . : ‘ . : ¥ rly thie state. the piahpeane fear issue ‘eommay to the DMA contrlley and read Brom om write bb te interral ve teers. ° : 7 ~yDala bus fines & PBs thyough bey fem the path ovey which Ahese data transfers cetur The pegte whieh is ‘actesced te: deberminsd by 4 Get ‘re yeley address thet is applied © to address inputs fo to Aa - > eae’ ga3t coneels of ty independent DMA ¢ tee channel 0 ae channel 3 Cacho. these channe is dadtated” to @ spe qeripheral device: => whee & ee dlevite wai oe a) Jonude py Syerotions ; te makes opel Aor servi. at its) DRER) input —b Airing, it to basic the 2 By vetnve EEE acknoule eal UDAC dea he | Ppeeos pM oes) 4 the cia ; tpO hives dic eta bes E Products tthe address and all conlye\ signals te rice] to pertom tpe rremory oF Vo deta Avansfers 7 At Ahe begionin ef all DMA bus uyclee y@ Je-bi addecs te uty on Lines Ao through As | and P80 Xbrovah pBy - Whe Upper s-bits «f the addruss available on “the dalabus Ure » 9 Whey ie ace - dhe DSTA aval phe WEN CAddrete | Evalled oad gad ts active during AS comple yMA a “kugeyde and. : earn be used tn both erable the addrun lob “devia tonnedted fe the bus - is ced +e ac medals READY muck 3 ary diable other ~The | READY lor racworey active Ulogte V7) before the 82% wl Complde @ rrenior or Yo bus ope As \eng a6 READY oO are weerted be ic ak Lage O y wak soe «duration. of the warn bus pele : inpuk ov Yo deve « exten Ly For Yo deity. te Manes? dota Lransfey ‘OR and HEM 4 Weypaae vied - and {rom memory de aw Yo devi data Lransfey EMR sod al signals caste ised A. ee ee fo = nema’ & dase ameey 5 ans fired i and ae aignee WEMR. “7 BAIR” Horry Disk contranéy NP GA18 tem 140 Hes TE Pathan “Aad 3a wel a the ard eonlyo| Punel ini 1 acadl fe terface a Floppy iekdrive sotth of prouccer “7 B2F2 te able fo interface four Fepry dick drives stivalbaneautly with a stnale host prowess eesey-—f Ra Nee mp —lo [ew / seek oR—f3 fp ter fol te ae FRI STP A—5 “HDL DBC aa —— 8 ——4 ——le i = UC hh INP —Z the weft elk (aii =z ~The 8854 Preqrammable rval_ émer/eeunter is —farniction -slrnitbar tothe —aofhasarte de os counters and dimer» St produce aeurabs Lime delays tnd can be used for applications such as a real-time clock,» an event counter’) a fe Tat one-chot 1 @ square-wave generale a dy complex waveform generate Do rPyy a B-bee dala bus CLK D) CLK IV CLK 2 ~7 Courrtey clock inputs GATED GATE! ,GATE2 ~7 Countey gab, inguls OUTO, oUT1, oUTA-7 Counter culps - BE = Read tontval aire BE — Writ comman ws —chip select hoy Ai = counter elect " Mee = t5% 4 ; a GND ~ Grand eooneelion « ‘ | i | { Buc counters thal can opera independently f any 7 9 Fe 6254 dover consists of % identical $6-bie —6ne of the 6 modes is a ay-pin DIP and neds 4 5v pocersupply. +b operate a eounley , a IG=bit count le pleced & hare be deeamenk | ths re ister and on command | the end of | the count anki it sreackws OD - voduers a pulse thet can be esd 4 Lhe count ih » The counter ean count either interrupt the MPU ov BCD: € Block, Diageo) 908 054 contains» counters — counter © eR counter | i counter 2 and a data bus buffer » Read / write conti ges’ and» corkral teqister r : i 7 Each counter has two input SigMals lock COLK) ang GATE and one stanal OUT + a 7 The Dado bas Baler isa teivetati EE Hijet tonal | buffer that i connected 4o the data bus of the meu. a } ~y Contre! Logic 4 ~ | ~PThe contre! ceclin har 5 signals 1. RD, GR, CE ho aAy. | TF Kddetss Unee Qo and Ay of the Meu ane woah } joincol dy Linne ho and Ay of 2a5h t eoofy | Av Ae seheelion OM 0 Pptourter 0° ' o 1p Counter 4 1 = Counter 2 } | Np tetabes 3 sGartaol yd fester Modes of” opetation 3 {7 ~The 3.35} tan operate th six |e PPP ino ') Mede-o-+ Trleenipl om “Terminal taint sain thts moder the our sap i boone 7 Ore a “ebuntt’ is + placed tn the an tebe the counter {decremented m4 dhe ahd when the count reaches ‘ano , the ov ye high Ot can be used as ah interrupt = 2)Mede 1% Hardwane— Rebviggevable One shel 2 ~ ~7 Tm this mode the ouT is inch abigh . ~ywhen the Gate ts brggeced | ob, geet low and at the end of the count ; the out qoce high “again Aha producing a one ahok_puleen® Mode 2. i Rate enevartor % 5 This mode % weed 40 generale a pulse equal be the clock period ak a af <3 When a count 3 placed count reaches 1 y and then the cuT qoee oak the Jor 7 The count és rreloaded eneraked continuously ° is Mode % % Squane -wave enerator % In is » one clockperiod . g Anis mode, when a highs Re count bs ise lee cle and our ~ goo We ong. the <2 int prowse Ue wepeater a Abe conlinnous Sq Uaseiears period’ of -the cour ode —4 § Sefluars Friqae: inthis fede the OUT Lye Aer one clock, pede Yoaded “For * saeoptt sialpads + Des oun =7 The Soe > This similay to Mode-t 1 tet 4 Abe riein ae aed — Ink the ube is trigger o eee FP the enunt begins - we ay M court tnust be ve =} Hardware “Tat rod Me end “of the cour ore clark, peciod . ttf ¥ very interval : The oor skys high cutowatically 1 ard, the pulse ' a — i count ts placed ithe ouT Jeccarserrted by too at when tt reaches count 13 ‘weloadted again - continupmety 1 the procusng walk ys Pegucsl te ass, © f arp ‘the 4 shee 3 — exeepl thed i & pulse ak he gabe s out is bo rand when of From Lue te high rit the OT gees tow ov

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