Bier, D. (2017, January 27). Trumps Immigration Ban Is Illegal. The New York Times.

Retrieved

from [Link]

html?_r=0

David J. Bier is an immigration policy analyst at the Cato Institutes Center for
Global Liberty and Prosperity. This is what makes him credible when writing
about President Trumps immigration ban. In his article, Trumps Immigration
Is Illegal, he talks about how President Trump used the 1952 law in order to
Ban
discriminate a nationality he finds are detrimental to the interest of the United
States. The 1952 law allows the president the ability to suspend the entry of
any class of aliens. However, Bier points out that the president ignored the fact
that [Congress restricted] this power in 1965, stating plainly that no person could
be discriminated against in the issuance of an immigrant visa because of the
persons race, sex, nationality, place of birth or place of residence. It also stated
that [when] Congress passed the 1965 law, it wished to protect not just
immigrants, but also American citizens, who should have the right to sponsor
their family members or to marry a foreign-born spouse without being subject to
pointless discrimination. However, President Trump seems to not care about it.
The article portrays how Trumps action of banning Muslims from seven different
countries (Iran, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, Somalia, Sudan and Libya) demonstrates a
total act of discrimination. Bier argues that Trumps immigration ban of Muslims
is illegal because the 1965 law does not ban discrimination based on religion
which was President Trumps original proposal. In the end of the article, Bier
states [some] discretion? Sure. Discretion to rewrite the law? Not in Americas
constitutional system. This resonated me as one of his audience because Trumps
action portrays discrimination yet he argued that immigration from the seven
countries stated above is one way to prevent terrorism. Biers main point in his
article is that Americas constitutional system can never be changed based on
such act of discrimination.
 Casselman, B. (2016, Oct. 31st). Immigrants Are Keeping America Young And The Economy

Growing.
Fifty Thirty-Eight: In Real Terms. Retrieved from

[Link]

omy-growing/

This article, Immigrants Are Keeping America Young And The Economy
Growing, focuses on the present presidential election in which no matter what
happens, it doesnt change the fact that undocumented immigrants help benefit
with the economy. Bem Casselman, the author talks about the comparison of the
U.S. Population when it comes to economic factors. We can learn about the
different reasons to why the economy is growing because of these immigrants and
how they are improving the economic challenges better than the native-born
Americans.

Cebula, R. J. (2016). Give me sanctuary! the impact of personal freedom afforded by sanctuary

cities on the 2010 undocumented immigrant settlement pattern within the U.S., 2SLS

estimates. Journal of Economics and Finance, 40(4), 792-802.

doi:[Link]

According to this scholarly article, a sanctuary city are cities that offer personal

freedoms to undocumented immigrants. These include not being questioned by

police officers, immigration officers and any other public official. In this

scholarly article, it presents research regarding on how can Sanctuary cities

impact the settlement factors of undocumented immigrants. Also included in this

 research is the economic and environmental effects that could affect the

undocumented immigrants living in sanctuary cities.

Davidson, A. (2006, Mar. 30th). Illegal Immigrants and the U.S. Economy. National Public

Radio. Retrieved from [Link]

This is a Q&A based article called, Illegal Immigrants and the U.S. Economy,

where Adam Davidson is asked questions about certain topics about illegal

immigrants and if they are beneficial towards the U.S. economy. Some of the

questions are generalized with specifics such as industries and wages with

undocumented immigrant workers. We can look into the overall impact of the

economy when undocumented workers are taking over the U.S. jobs.

Dinan, S. (2016, June 14). Illegal Immigrants Who Overstay Visas Hardly Ever Caught, Feds

Admit. The Washington Times.

[Link]

as-almost-never/

This newspaper by The Washington Times, discusses about how many people who

come into the United States with visas, overstay and rarely caught. The

newspaper further talks about how even though there is a system to check and

track visas when individuals come into the United States, there is no way of

tracking people with visas on their way out of the country.

Estrada M. C. (2016, June 22). How Immigrants Positively Affect the Business Community and

the U.S. Economy. Retrieved from

[Link]

migrants-positively-affect-the-business-community-and-the-u-s-economy/

This article provides us with information about how immigrants benefit the

country. It gives us statistical data to show how immigrants can help contribute

taxes which can contribute and greatly increase the economy by increasing state

and local tax revenue by $805 million each year.

Freeland, G. (2010). Negotiating place, space and borders: The new sanctuary movement. Latino

Studies, 8(4), 485-508. doi:[Link]

The New Sanctuary Movement (NSM), a movement led by religious activists, is

seeking immigration reform and sanctuaries for millions of undocumented

immigrants. This scholarly article examines the activities of the NSM and how its

supporters seek to public officials about immigration reform and establishing

more sanctuary places for undocumented immigrants in fear of deportation. The

NSM is also involved in lobbying to lawmakers in order to make public policies

regarding immigration and also establishing immigrants ability to be more

represented. To conclude that the NSM has been effective in reaching out to
 public officials, the NSM in Ventura County, California; Los Angeles County,

California; and San Francisco, California were used as case studies.

French, D. (2017, January 28). Trumps Executive Order on Refugees Separating Fact from

Hysteria. National Review. Retrieve from [Link]

donald-trump-refugee-executive-order-no-muslim-ban-separating-fact-hysteria

This is a report from CNN. According to the Ariane de Vogue and Tal Kopan,
President Donald Trump is closed into finishing his immigration ban. The
President is contemplating releasing a tighter, more streamlined version of the
first executive order, Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly said at the Munich
Security Conference over the weekend. This new order is also expected to
address concerns of the 9th Circuit federal appeals court which blocked the
original order, that travelers' due process rights were not being respected by
giving detailed notice of restrictions for those with current or pending visas.

Jefferies, J. (2014). Fear of Deportation in High School: Implications for Breaking the Circle

of Silence Surrounding Migration Status. Journal Of Latinos & Education, 13(4),

278-295.

Long-term ethnographic data on the daily lives of undocumented students, their

teachers, and administrators reveal the effects of fear of deportation on the routine

of a high school. This study finds many factors contributing to the creation of a

Circle of Silence around these students rights and access to schooling that

threatens the educational opportunities of a significant population of immigrant

 students.

Kantamneni, N., Shada, N., Conley, M.R., Hellwege, M.A., Tate, J.M., & Wang, S. C. (2016).

Academic and Career Development of Undocumented College Students: The American

Dream?. Career Development Quarterly, 64(4), 318-332.

Little is known about the academic and career decision-making process fro

college students with undocumented status. This study used a multiple case study

approach to explore how academic and work-related decisions were made for 2

college students with undocumented citizenship status.

Krogstad, Jens Manuel, Jeffrey S. Passel, and DVera Cohn. "5 Facts about Illegal Immigration

in the U.S." Pew Research Center. N.p., 03 Nov. 2016. Web. 12 Feb. 2017.

<[Link]

he-u-s/>.

According to the Pew Research Center, the estimate number of undocumented

immigrants living in the United States is approximately 11.1 million. Half of

these undocumented immigrants living in the United States came from Mexico

and the rest are from South American countries like El Salvador and Guatemala,

Asian countries such as the Philippines, China and South Korea. There are also 8

million undocumented workers. Most of them are working for the agricultural

industry like farming while the others are mostly construction.

Legal, Inc. US. "USLegal." Undocumented Immigrant Law and Legal Definition | USLegal,

Inc.N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2017.

<[Link]

According to [Link], an online legal dictionary, the definition of an

undocumented immigrant is someone who is foreign-born who does not have the

legal right to reside here in the United States. This includes people who came to

the country without the proper inspection by a US immigration officer, people

who crossed country borders without legal documentation or people who came

here with legal visas but ended up overstaying them. An undocumented

immigrant is also known as as illegal immigrants or unauthorized immigrants,

however, the term undocumented is preferably used as it is more neutral.

Lindsay Lowell, B., and Johanna Avato.(2014) "The Wages of Skilled Temporary Migrants:

Effects of Visa Pathways and Job Portability." International Migration 52.3 : 85-98.

Academic Search Complete.

[Link]

The article, The Wages of Skilled Temporary Migrants: Effects of Visa

Pathways and Job Portability, is an article which talks about the different types

of visa and work authorization card that an immigrant individual can get, along

with the types of wages they may get. The source does seem reliable, due to the

facts that, it uses a lot of informations from other credible sources. The research

of this article is objective because it shows now sign of bias and the fact that it
 talks mainly about the different types of visa, an immigrant can earn in order to

work. The facts used in this article is well documented and clearly used

appropriate. The authors of this article is Lindsay Lowell, B., and Johanna Avato,

they are qualified in this subject due to the fact that they do know what they are

talking about. This source I would say is scholarly and popular due to the fact that

in came from a credible database and the fact that it is a peer review journal.

Lipman, F. J. (2006). The Taxation of Undocumented Immigrants: Separate, Unequal, and

Without Representation. Harvard Latino Law Review, 91-58.

This is a peer reviewed journal article about the taxation of the undocumented

immigrants through different types of criteria in economic factors. Francine J.

Lipman explains the contribution that these undocumented immigrants give to the

U.S. economy and how it eventually resulted to positive benefits. Although there

are some flaws because undocumented immigrants dont receive all government

benefits. We can learn the other perspectives with immigrants and the economy

such as the pros and cons with them living in the U.S.

Marcelli, E. (2005). Immigrants and the U.S. Labor Market. NACLA Report On The Americas,

38(5), 47.

This is a piece of a news article called, Immigrants and the U.S. Labor Market,

focuses on the U.S. labor and how the undocumented immigrants affected it.

Enrico Marcelli writes about the how the immigrants take over the jobs and gain
 from it as the years go by. We can use this article to help us receive some

information about the past and how it has changed over the years within more and

more immigrants come in to the U.S.

MENDOZA, S. (2016). Giving Undocumented Students Safe Harbor on Campus. Education

Digest, 81(5), 13-16.

The Article reports on the efforts of Northern Illinois (NEIU) to protect

undocumented and minority students inside the campus. The topics

discussed include the challenges experienced by the said students in

seeking financial aid and admissions from schools, the inclusive program

implemented by the NEIU to help students, and the guidance furnished by

the trained staff to the said students.

Merica, D. (2017, January 30). Trump signs executive order to keep out 'radical Islamic
terrorists. CNN. Retrieved from
[Link]

executive-action-on-refugees-extreme-vetting/

According to the report made by Dan Merica from CNN, President Donald
Trump signed an executive order Friday that indefinitely suspends admissions for
Syrian refugees and limits the flow of other refugees into the United States by
instituting what the President has called extreme vetting of immigrants. Trump
set up a meeting with Vice-President Mike Pence, Security Adviser Mike Flynn
and military officials to discuss accelerating the defeat of ISIS, confronting global
threats like North Korea, military readiness and the National Guard according to
one of the Defense official who spoke to CNN. Trumps side also added that their
 main priority is the homeland.

Based on Trumps order, the Department of Homeland Security can prioritize a

person from Muslim countries where war has affected him/her to apply for a
refugee status only if he/she is part of "a minority religion in the individual's
country of nationality." This claim shows how Trump did not back away from the
idea that he is prioritizing Christians over Muslims. He argued that Muslims from
these countries treated Christians horribly. [T]hey were chopping off the heads
of everybody but more so the Christians. And I thought it was very, very unfair,
President Trump said.

At the end of the report, Merica stated how Democrats reacted before and after
Trump proposed the documents stating the banning of Muslims from these
countries. Senator Kamala Harris, a democrat from California, said [m]ake no
mistake -- this is a Muslim ban. The Democrats reminded the people of the
United States that from the very beginning, America is a country of immigration.
In their point of view, Trumps immigration ban is one of the most backward and
nasty executive orders that the president has issued.

Mukhopadhyay, S., & Oxborrow, D. (2012). The value of an employment-based green card

Demography, 49(1), 219-37.

In the article The value of an employment- based green card, is a article about

the importance of having an employment card, how immigrant worker could earn

one, and what they need in order to be able to work in the U.S. After reading this

article, I would have to say that it does seem like a reliable and current source

because it does have credible citations from other credible source and it was just

publish not to long ago (2011). The research of this article is objective because it
 mainly talked about the importance of having an employment card, why

immigrants workers need one, and what they need and have to do in order to earn

one. The facts are well documented because it flow in a sequence having good

reliable sources from credible sources to back up its main points. The authors of

this article is Mukhopadhyay, S., & Oxborrow, they are qualified in this subject

due to the fact that they know what they are talking about and the sources they

used have good credibility. The source is scholarly due to the fact that it is a peer

review journal and the fact that it comes from a great data base.

Nadadur, R. (2009). Illegal Immigration: A Positive Economic Contribution to the United States.

Journal of Ethnic & Migration Studies, 35(6), 10357-1052.

doi:10.1080/13691830902957775.

This is a peer reviewed journal article that ranges from different contemporary

issues relating to illegal immigration in the U.S. Also focuses on the effects of the

economy with the undocumented immigrants. Ramanujan Nadadur argues that

undocumented immigrants have a huge impact on the economy in a positive way.

This is really detailed with lots of information that can give us a sense to what the

economy looks like with undocumented immigrants and how they are important

for this factor. This includes specific terms that connects with the economic factor

and shows how the undocumented immigrants are involved.

Nienhusser, H. K., Vega, B.E., & Saavedra Carquin, M. (2015). BRIDGING THE GAP:
 Guiding the College Search of Undocumented Students. Journal Of College

Admission, (229), 30-34.

The article discusses developments in the US higher education sector as of

October 2015, particularly the issue of higher education access for undocumented

immigrants in the country. It examines the role played by high school staff,

particularly school and college counselors, in shaping the college choice process

of undocumented students.

Passel S. J. (2016, February 3). Homeland Security Produces First Estimate of Foreign Visitors

to U.S. Who Overstay Deadline to Leave. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from

[Link]

estimate-of-foreign-visitors-to-u-s-who-overstay-deadline-to-leave/

This scholarly source by the Pew Research Center, gives us statistical data about

how many people enter the U.S. with visas, how many leave with visas, and how

many people stay in the U.S. after their visas are overdue. Homeland Security

gives statistical estimates of how many people come into the United States and

how many stay after their visas have been overdue, and which groups of people

most commonly entering the United States with visas; Canada, Mexico, Germany,

Brazil and Italy.

President Trump's revised travel ban will still target same seven Muslim countries as previous
 order. (2017, February 19). In Daily News. Retrieved from [Link]

/news/politics/trump-revised-travel-ban-target-7-muslim-countries-article-1.2976960

According to Daily News, President Donald Trumps immigration ban was

revised after the Supreme Court refused to accept it. In his revised immigration
ban, he still targeted the seven countries (Iran, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, Somalia,
Sudan and Libya). However, green-card holders and dual citizens of the U.S. and
any of those countries are exempt. The new draft also no longer directs authorities
to single out and reject Syrian refugees when processing new visa
applications.

Trumps original immigration ban created chaos from different airports all over
the world because travelers were detained when the order went into effect.

The report also included how Syrian refugees were no longer automatically
rejected under the new order. However, the total numbers of Syrian refugees who
are permitted to come in the US are almost half as what Obama had during his
administration. Since the US had already more than 35,000 refugees this year,
there will only be less than 15,000 spots left before hitting Trumps cap.

Schwarz, J. (2017, February 17). Trump Muslim Ban Executive Order Violated Executive Order

About Executive Orders. The Intercept. Retrieved from [Link]

03/muslim-ban-executive-order-violated-executive-order-about-executive-orders/

Jon Schwarz, a reporter from The Intercept, President Trumps Immigration Ban
of Muslims from seven countries violated the executive orders about executive
orders. President Trump violated the Executive Order 11030. Section 2 begins,
A proposed Executive order or proclamation shall first be submitted to the
Director of the Office of Management and Budget, which is part of the White
House. Basically, the OMB must approve the executive order, then the justice
 department will take care of it, and the president himself. What President Trump
was that he went directly to the OLC which shows disrespect to OMB. Many
evidences can be used against him for skipping OMB.

Simons J. (2001, November 26). Immigration. Fortune, 144(11), 92-98. Retrieved from

[Link]

8-b28a-c41330270811%40sessionmgr103&vid=0&hid=113&bdata=#AN=5532376&db=

bth

This is a short excerpt about the hardships of immigrants and the politics Dr. Juan

Hernandez participates in to help make better immigration compromises between

the U.S. and Mexico. This article will be good as a source to bring more

awareness about the indecisiveness of Americas economy which depends on

immigration but claims to reject immigrants.

System Administrator. (2016, January 1). Migration Push/Pull Factors. Retrieved February 22,

2017 from the APHG Wiki:

[Link]

This article talks about the push and pull factors for migration. Three factors of

migration described are: economic, cultural, and environmental. The site states

that most immigrants migrate sue to economic factors, in which they are

searching for new job opportunities.

Tan, Avianne.(2017) Without Immigrants, the US Economy Would Be a 'Disaster,' Experts

Say. ABC News, ABC News Network,

[Link]/US/immigrants-us-economy-disaster-experts/story?id=45533028.

This article talks about the impact that immigrant makes on economy if there was

was a day without immigrants. It also talks about the negatives effects that it

would cause on the economy and the number of business that would be loss. It

does not show any bias, instead just talks about what the effect would be if there

was no immigrants in the economy.

Terriquez, V. (2015). Dreams Delayed: Barriers to Degree Completion Among

Undocumented Community College Students. Journal Of Ethnic & Migration

Studies, 41(8), 1302-1323

Community colleges in the United States remain relatively accessible to

students from the immigrant families. However, undocumented immigrant

students encounter difficulties in staying continuously enrolled in community

colleges because they contend with multiple disadvantages.

The Immigrant Visa Process. (n.d.). Retrieved February 22, 2017, from

[Link]

This website is about the visa process and informs the reader the proper steps to
 receive the visa in order to enter the United States. It also provides different

eligibility criteria for people who want to enter, which include: immigration based

on family, employment-based immigration, and the limitations of visas per year.

Vargas, Jose Antonio. (2011)."My Life as an Undocumented Immigrant." The New York Times.

[Link]

html

In the article My life as an Undocumented Immigrant, is a article about the live

of an undocumented immigrant who strives and struggle in life to earn a legal

green card in order to work and to obtain a legal social security card. He talks

about his struggle as an immigrant living in the U.S trying to find ways of how to

become a legal citizen. This source does seem like a reliable and credible source

because it is coming from a person personal experience as an immigrant and it is

coming from a popular credible newspaper source. The author is Jose Antonio

Vargas, he is qualified in this subject to speak because it is he who experienced

the life as an immigrant. This source is popular and scholar because it is a

personal story coming from undocumented immigrant himself and the fact that he

is a public speaker himself who travels around, talking about his story as an

undocumented immigrant.

Wharton, Penn.(2016) The Effects of Immigration on the United States' Economy. Penn

Wharton Budget Model, Penn Wharton the University of Pennsylvania,

 [Link]/issues/2016/1/27/the-effects-of-immigration-on-th

e-united-states-economy

The article reports on the statistic of immigrants in the U.S and the effect they

have on the economy. It also shows data and numbers of of education and the

different types impact immigrants have on the economy, along with the level of

competition they have with [Link] source is credible, due to the fact that it

has multiple informations from multiple credible data base.

Wilson, E. (2015). Sanctuary on campus. Diverse Issues in Higher Education, 31(26), 8-9.

Retrieved from

[Link]

/1649238594?accountid=10358

In this short scholarly journal, the author discusses about how the new AB540 and

Undocumented Student Center in the University of California system helps

Deferred Action for Childhood Arrival (DACA) and AB540 students pay for

resident tuition at UC schools. According to the text because undocumented

students are often threatened to be exposed and deported, this program can help

them seek sanctuary.

Wong, T. K. (2016, Jan. 26th). The Effects of Sanctuary Policies on Crime and the Economy.

Center for American Progress. Retrieved from

[Link]

ects-of-sanctuary-policies-on-crime-and-the-economy/

This article is called, Effects of Sanctuary Policies on Crime and the Economy,

in which Tom K. Wong summarized about the way sanctuary cities of

undocumented immigrants has benefited the economy. It focuses on the median

households income that is significantly high in sanctuary cities with

undocumented immigrants. This includes statistics on the average amount of

income entirely and also shows other results on data analysis between the

sanctuary and non sanctuary cities. This can help us with our project because we

can take note on how the U.S. economy is stronger in sanctuary cities with

undocumented immigrants.