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Fluid Machine Classification Overview

In the third chapter models for conduction with heat generation are developed for three geometric configurations namely plate, cylinder and sphere. The effect of volume to surface area and the convection coefficient at the surface in maintaining lower material temperature is illustrated. Hollow cylindrical shape with different boundary conditions is discussed. Conduction with variable heat generation rate is also modelled.

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12 views2 pages

Fluid Machine Classification Overview

In the third chapter models for conduction with heat generation are developed for three geometric configurations namely plate, cylinder and sphere. The effect of volume to surface area and the convection coefficient at the surface in maintaining lower material temperature is illustrated. Hollow cylindrical shape with different boundary conditions is discussed. Conduction with variable heat generation rate is also modelled.

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aziz1297
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© All Rights Reserved
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Lecture1

ClassificationBasedonFluidUsed
The fluid machines use either liquid or gas as the working fluid depending upon the purpose. The machine
transferringmechanicalenergyofrotortotheenergyoffluidistermedasapumpwhenitusesliquid,andis
termedasacompressororafanorablower,[Link]
objective is to increase the static pressure of a gas. Therefore, the mechanical energy held by the fluid is
[Link],ontheotherhand,mainlycauseahighflowofgas,
and hence utilize the mechanical energy of the rotor to increase mostly the kinetic energy of the fluid. In
thesemachines,thechangeinstaticpressureisquitesmall.
Forallpracticalpurposes,liquidusedbytheturbinesproducingpoweriswater,andtherefore,theyaretermed
[Link]
steam turbine, gas turbine, and air turbine depending upon whether they use steam, gas (the mixture of air
andproductsofburntfuelinair)orair.

ROTODYNAMICMACHINES
Inthissection,weshalldiscussthebasicprincipleofrotodynamicmachinesandtheperformanceofdifferent
[Link],ingeneral,isarotorconsistingof
[Link]
[Link]
throughtherotor,tangentialvelocityandhencethemomentumchanges.
The rate at which this tangential momentum changes corresponds to a tangential force on the rotor. In a
turbine,thetangentialmomentumofthefluidisreducedandthereforeworkisdonebythefluidtothemoving
[Link]
thereforeworkisabsorbedbythefluidfromthemovingrotor.

BasicEquationofEnergyTransferinRotodynamicMachines
Thebasicequationoffluiddynamicsrelatingtoenergytransferissameforallrotodynamicmachinesandisa
simpleformof"Newton'sLawsofMotion"[Link]
useofthemomentumtheoremasapplicabletoafluidelementwhileflowingthroughfixedandmovingvanes.
Figure1.2representsdiagrammaticallyarotorofageneralisedfluidmachine,with00theaxisofrotationand
theangularvelocity.Fluidenterstherotorat1,passesthroughtherotorbyanypathandisdischargedat
2.Thepoints1and2areatradii and fromthecentreoftherotor,andthedirectionsoffluidvelocities
[Link],
weassumethefollowing:
(a)Theflowissteady,thatis,themassflowrateisconstantacrossanysection(nostorageordepletionof
fluidmassintherotor).
(b)Theheatandworkinteractionsbetweentherotoranditssurroundingstakeplaceataconstantrate.
(c)[Link] vector at any point is
[Link]
theentirefluidisundergoingthesameprocess.
ThevelocityatanypointmayberesolvedintothreemutuallyperpendicularcomponentsasshowninFig1.2.
Theaxialcomponentofvelocity

is directed parallel to the axis of rotation , the radial component

directedradiallythroughtheaxistorotation,whilethetangentialcomponent

is

isdirectedatrightanglesto

theradialdirectionandalongthetangenttotherotoratthatpart.
The change in magnitude of the axial velocity components through the rotor causes a change in the axial
momentum. This change gives rise to an axial force, which must be taken by a thrust bearing to the
stationary rotor casing. The change in magnitude of radial velocity causes a change in momentum in radial
direction.

Fig1.2

Componentsofflowvelocityinageneralisedfluidmachine

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