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Linear Equations and Systems Exercises

This document contains a series of exercises related to linear systems and equations. It asks the reader to determine whether given equations or systems of equations are linear, consistent, have unique solutions, infinitely many solutions, or no solutions. It also asks the reader to find the solution set of linear equations and systems using parameters and to write corresponding augmented matrices.

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Hidayathulla Khan
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111 views6 pages

Linear Equations and Systems Exercises

This document contains a series of exercises related to linear systems and equations. It asks the reader to determine whether given equations or systems of equations are linear, consistent, have unique solutions, infinitely many solutions, or no solutions. It also asks the reader to find the solution set of linear equations and systems using parameters and to write corresponding augmented matrices.

Uploaded by

Hidayathulla Khan
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1

Exercise Set 1.1


1. In each part, determine whether the equation is linear in
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

x1 , x2

and

x3

x1 5 x2 2 x3 1

x1 3 x2 x1 x3 2

x1 7 x2 3x3
x12 x2 8 x3 5
x13 5 2 x2 x3 4
1
x1 2 x2 x3 71 3
3

f)
2. In each part, determine whether the equations form a linear system.
a)

2 x 4 y z 2

3x

b)
c)

d)

2
0
y

x4
2x 8

4 x y 2 z 1
x ln 2 y 3z 0
3 z x 4

y 5z 1
6x 2z 3

x y z 4

3. In each part, determine whether the equations form a linear system.


a)

b)

x4 5

2 x1

x1 5 x2 3x3 2 x4 1
sin(2 x1 x3 ) 5
e 2 x2 2 x4
4 x4 4

1
x2

c)

7 x1 x2 2 x3 0
2 x1 x2 x3 x4 3

x1 5 x2 x4 1
x1 x2 x3 x4

4.
5.
6.

7.

d)
For each system in Exercise 2 that is linear, determine whether it is
consistent.
For each system in Exercise 3 that is linear, determine whether it is
consistent.
Write a system of linear equations consisting of three equations in three
unknowns with
a) no solutions.
b) exactly one solution.
c) infinitely many solutions.
In each part, determine whether the given vector is a solution of the linear
system
2 x1 4 x2 x3 1
x1 3x2 x3 1

3x1 5 x2 3x3 1

a)
b)
c)
d)

3,1,1

3, 1,1
13,5, 2
13 5
, , 2

2 2

17, 7,5

e)
8. In each part, determine whether the given vector is a solution of the linear
system
x1 2 x2 2 x3 3
3 x1 x2 x3 1

x1 5 x2 5 x3 5

a)

5 8
, ,1
7 7

b)
c)
d)

5 8
, , 0
7 7

5,8,1
5 10 2
, ,
7 7 7
5 22
, , 2
7 7

e)
9. In each part, find the solution set of the linear equation by using
parameters as necessary.
a)

7x 5y 3

8 x1 2 x2 5 x3 6 x4 1

b)
[Link] each part, find the solution set of the linear equation by using
parameters as necessary.
a)

3x1 5 x2 4 x3 7

3v 8w 2 x y 4 z 0

b)
[Link] each part, find a system of linear equations corresponding to the given
augmented matrix

a)

b)
c)

2 0 0
3 4 0

0 1 1

3 0 2 5
7 1 4 3

0 2 1 7

7 2 1 3
1 2 4 0

1
0

0
1
0
0

0
0
1
0

0
0
0
1

5
1
7
2
3

d)
[Link] each part, find a system of linear equations corresponding to the given
augmented matrix.

a)
b)

c)

2 1
4 6

1 1

3 0

0 3 1 1 1
5 2 0 3 6

1 2 3 4
4 3 2 1

5 6 1 1

8 0 0 3
3
4

0
0
3
0

1 4
4 1
0 2
0 1

3
3
9

d)
[Link] each part, find the augmented matrix for the given system of linear
equations.
a)

2 x1 6

3 x1 8
9 x1 3

b)

6 x1 x2 3 x3 4
5 x2 x3 1

2 x2 3 x4 x5 0

c)

3 x1 x2 x3 1

6 x1 2 x2 x3 2 x4 3x5 6
x1 x5 7

d)
[Link] each part, find the augmented matrix for the given system of linear
equations.
a)

3x1 2 x2 1

4 x1 5 x2 3
7 x1 3 x2 2

b)

2 x3 1

2 x1

3 x1 x2 4 x3 7

6 x1 x2 x3 0

c)

x1 2 x2

x4 x5 1

3 x2 x3

x5 2
x3 7 x4 1

d)

x1

x2

x3 3

15. The curve

y ax 2 bx c

through the points


a, b

and

shown in the accompanying figure passes

x1 , y1 , x2 , y2

and

x3 , y3

. Show that the coefficients

are a solution of the system of linear equations whose


x12

augmented matrix is

2
2
2
3

x
x

x1 1 y1

x2 1 y2
x3 1 y3

16. Explain why each of the three elementary row operations does not affect
the solution set of a linear system.
17. Show that if the linear equations
x1 kx2 c

and

x1 lx2 d

have the same solution set, then the two equations are identical (i.e.,
k 1

cd

and
).
True-False Exercises
In parts (a)-(h) determine whether the statement is true or false, and
justify your answer.
a) A linear system whose equations are all homogeneous must be
consistent.
(True/False)
b) Multiplying a linear equation through by zero is an acceptable
elementary row operation.
(True/False)
c) The linear system
x y 3

2x 2 y k
k

cannot have a unique solution, regardless of the value of .


(True/False)
d) A single linear equation with two or more unknowns must always
have infinitely many solutions.
(True/False)
e) If the number of equations in a linear system exceeds the number of
unknowns, then the system must be inconsistent.
(True/False)
f) If each equation in a consistent linear system is multiplied through by
c

a constant , then all solutions to the new system can be obtained by


c

multiplying solutions from the original system by .


(True/False)
g) Elementary row operations permit one equation in a linear system to
be subtracted from another.
(True/False)
h) The linear system with corresponding augmented matrix
2 1 4
0 0 1

is consistent.

(True/False)

Common questions

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The three elementary row operations—row swapping, row multiplication by a non-zero scalar, and row addition/subtraction—do not affect the solution set because they preserve the linear relationships between equations. Each operation transforms the matrix without altering the solutions or the relationships among the variables, maintaining the equality conditions required by the original system of linear equations .

A triangular form in an augmented matrix implies that the system is set for back substitution, which typically simplifies solving. If upper triangular, it allows straightforward determination of variable values beginning from the last equation upwards. Solutions can be quickly deduced if the form leads directly to unique values for each variable from existing dependencies .

A single linear equation with two or more unknowns will have infinitely many solutions if it defines a line or plane in the corresponding multidimensional space. This happens because there are multiple combinations of values for the variables that can satisfy the equation, as long as there is at least one degree of freedom (one unknown can be expressed in terms of others).

Multiplying a linear equation by zero is not an acceptable row operation because it eliminates the equation entirely, removing any information it contains. This operation destroys the system's structure and any solutions it encodes, rendering the entire system inconsistent from a solvability perspective .

To derive a system from an augmented matrix, interpret each row (excluding the augmentation) as coefficients of one equation in the system. The last column contains constants, forming the equation's right-hand side. Each non-empty row of the matrix generates one complete linear equation .

To verify if given vectors are solutions, substitute the vector values into each equation of the system. If substitutions satisfy all equations (turning them into true statements), then the vector is a valid solution. Otherwise, failure in any equation shows the vector does not solve the system .

Having more equations than unknowns typically implies the system could be inconsistent, especially if the equations are independent of each other. However, it is not an absolute condition—dependent equations or redundancy can still allow for consistency in such systems, either by providing infinite solutions if dependent or a valid single solution that satisfies all equations .

Homogeneous linear systems, where all constant terms are zero, must be consistent because they always have at least the trivial solution where all variables are zero. This property arises from the equality 0 = 0 being satisfied irrespective of the variable values, guaranteeing at least one solution exists .

To determine the consistency of a system from its augmented matrix, examine it for a row where the coefficients of the variables are all zero, but the constant term is non-zero. Such a row indicates an inconsistency, as it represents an equation like 0 = c (c ≠ 0), which has no solution. Otherwise, if every non-zero row corresponds to a valid equation, the system is consistent .

To show that two linear equations with identical solution sets are the same, demonstrate that they have the same coefficients (after possible scaling) and constant terms. This implies that for any particular solution, substituting into both equations yields the same result, showing structural identity across solutions, thereby proving they are transformations of one another .

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