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Microprocessor Fabrication Trends

This document summarizes a lecture on microprocessor fabrication and trends in computing. It discusses how a microprocessor is an integrated circuit on a semiconductor wafer containing millions of transistors as small as 32nm. It also reviews how CMOS technology has allowed additional hardware to be integrated with the processor core. The document then covers trends in microprocessor fabrication reaching limits of Moore's law and switching frequency. It outlines trends toward parallelism, heterogeneous computing, learning/adaptive systems, and high performance computing without traditional computers.

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16 views3 pages

Microprocessor Fabrication Trends

This document summarizes a lecture on microprocessor fabrication and trends in computing. It discusses how a microprocessor is an integrated circuit on a semiconductor wafer containing millions of transistors as small as 32nm. It also reviews how CMOS technology has allowed additional hardware to be integrated with the processor core. The document then covers trends in microprocessor fabrication reaching limits of Moore's law and switching frequency. It outlines trends toward parallelism, heterogeneous computing, learning/adaptive systems, and high performance computing without traditional computers.

Uploaded by

tesfu zewdu
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

10/17/2011

AAiT

In this Lecture:

AAiT

Microprocessor Fabrication

Lecture 02

Trends and Prospects


Fundamentals of Microcomputers
(Contd)

ECEg - 4501

Daniel D. DECE

ECEg - 4501

FabricationDesign

Fabrication
AAiT

AAiT

 A microprocessor is nothing, but a large digital integrated circuit


on a semiconductor wafer.
 Millions of transistors are integrated on the wafer to construct
functional circuits. Today a transistor as small as 32nm is being
processed by using special CMOS process
 The CMOS technology has made it possible to integrate several
useful HWs with the microprocessor core such as: MMU, PMU,
Cache, GPU,

ECEg - 4501

ECEg - 4501

10/17/2011

From Sand to Silicon Chips

AAiT

AAiT

The Process Slides

Manufacturing - Video
(MEMC in Texas)

Technology Trends and prospects

ECEg - 4501

ECEg - 4501

Trends - Hardware

Trends - Architecture
AAiT

Moores law has expired

AAiT

Parallelism and redundancy

The number of transistors on a chip cannot be doubled every


two years

Build as many as possible similar units and Keep the system as


busy as possible

Computing in hardware

Switching frequency has hit the limit

Dedicate a HW unit for a certain frequent function

For a Silicon based system, it doesnt seem possible to clock


faster anymore

Layered Architecture

A quest for new materials


- New material research is one of the hot issues around the globe
- Carbon as a new playground
- Molecular computing and Cellular automata

ECEg - 4501

- Keep system functions in a hierarchy


- Precedence dependency and order
- Stochastic execution paradime

ECEg - 4501

10/17/2011

Trends - Computing
AAiT

Heterogeneous Computing
Mixed platforms mixed algorithm  mixed solution

Learning and adaptation


- From hard-computing to intelligent computing
(mimicking biological systems)
- Programs that write programs

High performance Computing (HPC)


- Real-life simulations and analysis
- Cloud Computing
- Computing without computers - the end of the PC

ECEg - 4501

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