Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.
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01 ' 5

The Right to Information, The Right to Live

Step Out From the Old to the New

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

Jawaharlal Nehru

IS 10661 (1983): Glass Fibre Reinforced Polyester Chemical

Resistant Tanks [MED 17: Chemical Engineering Plants and
Related Equipment]

! $ ' +-
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

Invent a New India Using Knowledge

! > 0 B

BharthariNtiatakam

Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen

UDC

62164234

: 660267 : 678674046364 : 666189211

IS

Indian

Standard

10661

- 1983

( Reaffirmed 1999 )

SPECIFICATION
FOR
GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED
POLYESTER CHEMICAL RESISTANT

TANKS

1. scopeCovers the design, materials,

construction
practices
and workmanship,
performance
requirements,
inspection
and testing
of fibreglass
reinforced
polyester
tanks for use in chemical ;
environments,
manufactured
by hand lay UP or contact
pressure moulding
or filament
winding I
It also includes the construction
with or without
an inner lining of thermoplastics.
process.
1.1 This standard

is applicable

a) Own hydrostatic

only to tanks subjected

head of liquid

to all of the following

conditions:

contents,

b) Freely vented to atmosphere,

c) Above ground,
d) Cylindrical, and
e) Vertical or horizontal.
1.2

It does not apply to tanks which

a) Internal

are subjected

to any of the following:

pressure,

b) Vacuum, and
c) Liquids heated above their flash points.
However,
I .3 The nominal service temperature is 0 to 60C.
below 0C may be allowed by supplier - purchaser agreement.
1.4 This standard also does not apply to jacketed
gases.

service

temperatures

above 60C ant I

tanks and tanks used for transport

of liquids

or

1.5 This standard covers glass fibre reinforced tanks for chemical service and is not inrendad to cove1
selection of exact resin matrjx or glass reinforcement
combination
for us9 under specific chemical
and structural conditions.
2. Definitions
2.1 Unless otherwise specified, for the purposes of this standard the plastjcs
IS : 2628-l 964 Glossary of terms used in the plastics industry, shall apply.

terminology

as given

jr

3. Materials
consisting
of resin catalyst,
accelerators
ant
3.1 Resin System-The
resin system selected,
promotors in definite
proportions,
shall be of suitable commercial grades which meets the technica
Unless there is a satisfactory
service experience
with the resir
requirements of the application.
system selected for a particular duty, the suitability
of the selected resin system shall be establishcc
Unsaturated polyester resin systems for low pressure
by appropriate tests as given in IS : 6746-1972
fibre reinforced plastics.
3.1.1 Resins shall contain no pigments, colourants,
dyes or fillers (except for viscosity control IJE
to 5 percent by mass), or any thixotrotric
agent, that may interfere with the visual inspection
of thr
For external
finish,
pigments
may be used for ultra violet
absorption
or antimony
laminate.
compounds or other fire retardants for improved fire resistance, by agreement between purchaser ant
Such additions
may interfere with visual inspection
of laminate quality,
Where fillers arc
ilandor.
used special consideration
shall be given for the design and manufacture
of the laminate.
3.2 Reinforcing Material - The reinforcing
material shall be a suitable grade of glass fibre having E
coupling agent, compatible with the resin used, and suitable for the particular production technique
It shall also be comparable to that used to generate corrosion resistance and physical property desigr
data.
3.3 surfacing Materials - Glass fibre surfacing mats used on the surface exposed to chemical attack
shall be commercial grade chemical resistant glass having a coupling agent. This shall apply to thf
3xternaI
surface also to take care of corrosion
due to elements like weather.
An organic veil car
31~0 be used by agreement between purchaser and manufacturer.

Adopted

9 September

@ May 1984, ISI

1983

Gr 6

I
INDIAN
MANAK

I
STANDARDS
BHAVAN.

INSTITUTION

9 BAHADUR
SHAH
NEW DELHI 11OoOe

ZAFAR

MAR6

IS:lO661-1983
3.4 Thermoplastic Lining klaterials vinyl chloride (PVC) or polypropylene.

Unless otherwise agreed, the lining shall to onplasticized

Selection shall be on the basis of resistance to process

3.4.1 The thickness of PVC shall not be less than 3 mm.

may be used for branches and nozzles of small diameter.
3.4.2 The minimum thickness
of polypropylene
branches which may have a thickness of I.5 mm.

shall

4. Minimum

laminate

Physical

Properties

of Reinforced

Sheet should

normally

be 2 mm except

polyfluid.

be used but pipe

for small dia pipes and

Layers

moulded
laminates shall satisfy the minimum property
Contact Moulded laminates -Contact
requirements
listed in Table 1 and determined
according
to IS : 1998-1962 Methods
of test for
thermosetting
synthetic resin bonded laminated sheets.

4.1

TABLE 1 PROPERTIES OF LAMINATES OF VARIOUS THICKNESS

Property at 23%

Lsmlnate Thickness, mm

I-

65

50

10 and up

80

-_
Ultimate tensile strength
65

85

95

105

110

130

140

150

4 850

5 500

6 200

6 900

Min, MPa
Flexural

strength

MPa

M/n,

Ffexural modulus
(tangent )

of elasticity

Min, MPa

The values given in Table I shall apply to laminates

by weight within the range 30 to 45 percent.

4.1 .l Laminates that do not meet the minimum

provided they are made to afford the same overall

meeting

the specified

incorporating

only E glass reinforcement

having

a glass content

values given in Table 1 are considered

strength that would be obtained with

acceptable
a laminate

thickness.

If the specifted
thickness for a laminate
is 5 mm, according to Table 1, a mlnlmum tensile strength of
By multiplying
thickness
by minimum tensile strength, value of 0310 MN breaking load for a
is obtained.
A laminate having a tensile strength of 48 MPa will therefore,
be acceptable
in
place of the 5 mm requirement,
if it has an actual thickness of at least 05 mm.
Note

65 MPa is required.
1 m wide specimen

4.2 Filament Wound Laminates winding inner surface and interior

tank wall when filled with fluid.
4.2.1

The maximum

The maximum hoop stress for the total laminate ( that is, filament
layer) shall be limited by the allowable
movement ( strain ) of the

allowable

hoop stress shall be determined

by the following

formula

OH = Et (2)
where
a,, = hoop stress,

MPa;

Et = hoop tensile modulus

2 = allowance
This equation
20 MPa - 41 MPa.
4.2.2

The allowable

would

strain,

give a good

of the total laminate,

MPa; and

cm/cm.
approximation

strain of the tank wall

of total

laminate

modulus

for values

of OH of

not exceed 0.001 0 cm/cm.

4.2.3 The longitudinal strength of the tanks shall at least be equal to that of a helically wound
tank having a maximum angle of wind of 80 ( measure from the tank axis, that is 90 is hoop
winding ).
2

IS: IO661 - 1983

4.2.4

The minimum

required

wall thickness

of the total tank shall be determined

x io6gz

t = 9.81

by :

where
P = pressure,

Pa

H = fluid head, m
A = specific
D = inside

The thickness

gravity
diameter

shall never be less than 5 mm.

Note -The

above calculated
of inner surface, interior

thickness

of fluid,
of tank, m

wall thickness
is for filament
layer and outer surface.

4.2.5 Heads -The

head shall be able to support
minimum thickness shall be 5 mm.
4.2.6 Bottoms -The
the following
:

minimum

Up to and including

thickness

spots

laminate

only.

This should

not

include

a 110 kg load on a 100 x 100 mm area.

flat

fully

supported

bottom

shall

agree

The

with

5 mm

3.6 m tank diameter

Over 3.6 m tank diameter small

1.8 m tank diameter -

Over 1.6 and including

Note - Isolated
performance.

for

wound

65 mm

6 mm

may be as thin

as 80 percent

of the minimum

thickness

and not detract

from

tank

4.3 Surface Cure -The

cured surface shall have a hardness of at least 90 percent of the resin
manufacturers
minimum
specified
hardness for the cured resin.
A tank showing
evidence
of
incomplete
cure (such
as, appearance, tackiness,
resin pick-up by acetone,
and low hardness
)
may be subsequently
considered acceptable,
if a satisfactory
procedure may be agreed between the
manufacturer
and the purchaser and shown to be fully
effective.
Hardness may be measured by
Bar Cal hardness tests or alternatively
after placing a cloth soaked with MIVK solvent
for 3 to 5
minutes, change of thickness of the resin shall be checked for curing.
tanks shall be positively
4.4 Vents - Closed-top
be equal to the largest outlet or inlet.

vented

to atmosphere.

Minimum

vent

size shall

5. Construction
5.1 Laminate Construction - In the laminate construction
there shall be an inner surface, an interior
By agreement between purchaser and manufacturer
layer, and exterior layer and an outer surface.
other laminate construction
may be used.
Note 1 -The
corrosion

composition
resistance.

specified

for the inner

surface

and interior

Note 2 - Bv agreement
between purchaser
and manufacturer
different
laminate construction
(that is, one resin for the inner surface and interior

layer are intended

to achieve

optimum

resin systems may be used within the

layer and another for filament winding).

-A
chemically
resistant glass surfacing
mat shall be used for the inner surface,
By agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer,
shall be 0.25 to 0.5 mm thick.
surfacing mat, asbestos or thixotropic
resin may also be used.

5.2 /nner Surface

which
organic

Note 1 - The resin in such a layer will usually contain less than 20 percent of reinforcing
limit is not included
Note

2-

because

of the impracticability

of determining

this value in the finished

When organic veils like acrylic and polyesters or asbestos are used, the hardness
This, however, does not necessarily
indicate undercure of the surface.

materials.
product.
reading

A specific

of the surface

may be lower.

5.2.1 interior layerThe interior layer is reinforced with only non-continuous

glass strands, applied
in a minimum of 2 plies of chopped strand mat or alternatively,
in a minimum of 2 passes by the spray
If the subsequent exterior layer is
up process.
Glass content shall be 25 to 35 percent by weight.
to be filament wound the interior layer shall be allowed to set completely so that the corrosion
barier
The combined thickness of
may not be squeezed down to a thin layer increasing the glass content.
the interior layer and inner surface shall not be less than 2.5 mm.
reinforcement
shall be continuous
strand
5.3 Exterior Layer, Filament Wound - The subsequent
rovings in accordance with 4.2.3, and this in combination
with 5.1 and 5.2.1 shall satisfy 4.2.4. The
filament wound construction
may be of a tapered wall construction
with thickness varying with tank
If additional
longitudinal
strength
height,
providing
there requirements are met at any height levels.
3

IS : 10661;1983
are required, other .reinforcements like. woven fabric, chopped strand mat or chopped strands may be
interspersed in the winding to provide additional strength.
Glass content of the filament wound
position shall be 50 to 80 percent by weight.
5.4 Exterior Layer, Contact Molded - The exterior layer or body of the laminate shall be of chemically
resitant construction suitable for the service and providing the additional strength necessary to meet
Where separate layers such as mat, cloth or woven roving are
the tensile and flexural requirements.
used, all layers shall be lapped a minimum of 25 mm. Laps shall be staggered as much as possible.
If woven roving or cloth is used, a layer of chopped strand glass shall be placed as alternate layers.
The exterior surface shall be relatively smooth with no exposed fibres or sharp projections.
Hand
work finish is acceptable, but enough resin shall be present to prevent exposed fibre show.
an exterior surface of
5.5 Outer Surface - For added resistance to chemical exposure (spillage),
chopped glass or surfacing mat, or both, made from either glass or organic fibres with resin rich coating, may be employed, as agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.
5.6 Appearance -The
surface exposed to the environment shall be free of cracks and crazes with a
smooth finish and with an average of not over 20 pits per square meter provided the pits are less than
3 mm in diameter and not over 0.8 mm deep and are covered with resin to avoid exposure of inner
surface, and reinforcement.
Some wrinkles are permissible, provided their surface is smooth and
free of pits.
5.7 Intermediate
Layer-The
finished laminate shall be as free as commercially practicable from
visual defects, such as foreign inclusion, dry spots, air bubbles, pinholes, pimples and delamination.
exterior surface shall be relatively smooth, with no exposed fibres or sharp pro5.6 Exterior -The
jections.
Hand work finish is acceptable but enough resin shall be present to prevent exposed fibre
show.
The outside surface of the tank shall not be pigmented,
between manufacturer and purchaser.

painted or dyed unless by agreement

6. Joints -Where
tanks are manufactured in sections and joined by use of a laminate bond, the joint
shall have at least the thickness of the heaviest section being joined.
The reinforcement shall extend
on each side of the joint centered on the joint, a sufficient distance to make the joint at least as strong
as the tank wall and shall not be less than the minimum joint width specified in Table 2. The width
of the first layer of the joint lay up shall be 75 mm minimum and successive layer shall uniformly
increase in width.
The reinforcement
shall be applied on both inside and outside with the interior layer
The inner reinforcement shall
considered only as a corrosion barrier and not structural material.
consist of a minimum of 2 layers of 450 g/m followed by a 0.25 to O-5 mm of surfacing material (see
5.2).

TABLE 2 MINIMUM JOINT WIDTH FOR JOINING VARIOUS PARTS OF TANK

Tank wall thickness,

mm

Minimum of outside
width, mm

overlay

Minimum of inside overlay

width, mm

-Y-

65

95

11

125

14

155

100

100

125

150

175

200

226

250

275

900

100

160

125

125

150

150

150

150

156

150

moulaea

11

. Note - The.:e figures are [Link]

be taKen as tne contact

186

shoula

-_

moulded
.. .tanks
. and [Link]?m~r? w?ynd shills, the tank wall thickness
constructlon
navmg an equlvalenr
longiruomal
orrengrn.

readings

6.1 The joint shall be as crevice

free as is commercially
practicable.
Crevices between the joined
pieces shall be filled with resin or thixotropic resin paste leaving a smooth surface for lay up. All cut
edges shall be coated with resin avoiding glass fibre exposure.
6.2 The surface of parts to be joined shall be roughed by sander or sand blasting and shall be
free from foreign materials, such as wax, glue, grease, etc. The surfaces shall be clean and dry before
lay up. The entire roughened area shall be coated with resin when the joint is made.
4

IS:lO661- 1983
6.3

Heads

6.3.1
Heads may be fabricated
integrally
with the tank wall or separately by contact moulding.
They may also be integrally
attached or removable and may be of any shape.
Heads fabricated by
contact moulding shall satisfy the mechanical property requirements of 4.2.5. In all cases the interior
layer and surface shall present the same corrosion
resistant surface to the environment
as the tank
wall (see 5.2 and 5.2.1).
Joints between shell wall and head shall conform to 6.

6.3.2

For integral

heads shell and bottom reinforcement

6.3.3

For separately

moulded

heads, the minimum

shall overlap

straight

flange

a minimum

length

of 100 mm.

shall be 100 mm.

6.3.4 The knuckle area shall be reinforced to the same width and thickness as a joint (see Table 2).
It shall be centred over the knuckle and taper uniformly
into the bottom thickness
over a distance
of not less than 150 mm.
6.3.5

The knuckle

shall not be less than 25 mm.

6.3.6
Flat bottom tanks must be supported on a flat surface or on properly spaced dunnage. A
flat and reasonably soft surface like confined sand, cinder filled pad, plywood surfaced concrete or a
concrete grout may be used. When full bottom
support is not possible, like conical or rounded
bottom heads, special bottom design is required.
6.4 Fittings - Standard flanged nozzles shall be fabricated from either contact moulded polyester
pipe and a suitable flange, integrally moulded pipe and flanges, or polyester machine made pipe and
a suitable flange.
Vents do not require flanges but they shall use either contact moulded integrally
moulded or machine made pipes.
Note -Standard
6.4.1

side entry manholes shall be treated as large diameter

Pipe -The

pipes used for flanges

TABLE

Pipe

PIPE

FOR

Minimum
Wall
Thickness

NOZZLE

wall thickness

Pipe Size
I.D.

mm
350

6.5

75

400

65

100

450

65

150

500

65

200

600

6.5

250

750

80

300

900

95

1050

95

faced with

full face soft gaskets,

3.

Minimum Wall
Thickness

50

Flat

as given in Table

ASSEMBLY

mm

mm

6.4.2
Flanges
Table 4.

Size
I.D.

shall have minimum

nozzles.

shall be of the minimum

thickness

given in

6.4.3
Flenge Attachment
---The minimum flange shear surface shall be four times the flange thickness indicated in Table 4.
The thickness of flange hub reinforcement
measured at the top of the
fillet radius shall be at least half of the flange thickness and shall be tapered uniformly
along the
length of hub reinforcement
as shown in Fig. 1. The fillet radius, where the back of the flange
meets the hub, shall be 10 mm minimum.
6.4.4
Flange Face -The
flange face shall be perpendicular
to the centreline of the pipe within
1 deg and shall be flat to f. 0.76 mm up to and including 450 mm diameter and f 1.5 mm for larger
diameters unless otherwise specified.
Note -Other flanges agreed upon between the manufacturer
produce a tight joint at twice the oprrating prereure.

and the purcharer

are acceptable

provlded that they

6.5 Nozzle /nsta//ation

-At
assembly,
there shall be a minimum
dimension
of 75 mm from the
wall of the tank to the flange hub for compression
moulded flanges or to the flange back for hand

IS: 10661-1983

ATTACHMENT

TANK

WALLT

_lnr

FIG. 1

TABLE

Pipe

WALL

FLANGES

Size,

REINFORCEMENT

FOR NOZZLE

ASSEMBLY

Mialmum
Flange
Thickness
mm

O.D.

mm
--

-50

125

75

125

100

126

150

125

200

140

250

170

300

185

350

20-o

400

216

450

290

500

250

600

280

750

350

900

450

1050

500

lay-up flanges.
Where angular loadings
gusseting technique.
6.5.1 Standard orientation
otherwise specified.

1Omm min.

are anticipated,

nozzles

shall be supported

shall have bolt holes stradeing principal centreline

by a suitable

of the vessel unless

6.5.2 Location of nozzles on the vessel shall be held to rrt 6.5 mm unless otherwise agreed upon by
Tolerance on angle of nozzle centreline shall be within 1 deg of
the manufacturer and purchaser.
specification.
6.6 Reinforcement of Wall - Thickness of overlay shall not be less than the wall thickness specified
for hand lay-up pipe in Table 3. The length of nozzle shear band area shall be according to Fig. 2, 3
and 4.
6.7 StiffenersOpen top vertical tanks shall be constructed with a flange. or a ring bonded to the
top of the shell.
Alternatively,
the shell should be overwound or overlard to provide sufficient
rigidity for retaining the shape of the tank.
6

IS:

TANK WALL

FILLET RADIUS
min.

A = SHEAR BOND AREA

FIG. 2

INSTALLED

NOZZLE WITH PIPE PENETRATION

_FILLET
1

s-e.

_____________-_----------BOLT
CIRCLE
SHEAR

HUB REINFORCEMENT

__I-J
FIG. 3

NOZZLE

TANK WALL

A = SHEAR BOND AREA

FIG. 4

INSTALLED

NOZZLE WITHOUT PIPE PENETRATION

7

10661 - 1983

IS: 10661-1983
Overcircumferential
windings.
they are completely
enclosed in

6.7.1 External stiffeners, when used may be made with additional

wound or overlaid cores are the permissible alternatives
provided
reinforced plastic.
6.8 Ho/d Down Lugs -

Hold down

6.9 Lift Lugs - Tanks shall

turer and purchaser.
7. Manufacturing

lugs shall be provided

be equipped

with

suitable

on all tanks for outdoor

handling

devices

service.

as agreed upon by manufac-

Procedure

7.1 General --The manufacturer

in both materials and fabrication,

shall eliminate as many variables as possible to ensure consistency

and shall provide adequate supervision
at all stages of manufacture.

7.2 Lay-up -The

requisite amounts of resin, catalyst or hardener and any other ingredient such as
The amounts of
accelerator, or permitted filler shall be accurately
measured and thoroughly
mixed,
mixed resin and reinforcement
used in each layer of the laminate and the number and type of layers
applied shall be recorded, and the records shall be made available to the purchaser or Inspecting
Authority.
Whilst good rolling
is essential,
excessive rolling
pressure should
the distribution
of the reinforcement
or to break the fibre strands.

disturb

be avoided

so as not to

The manufacturer
shall ensure that good adhension
is obtained between successive layers of
the laminate and between
the shell and added fittings
either by appropriate
scheduling
of the
manufacturing
operation or by removing the surface of the cured resin, to expose the fibres.
Adjacent
pieces of reinforcement
shall be overlapped by not less than 50 mm. The edges
shall be worked out by brushing with a stippling
action and all joints shall be staggered through the
thickness of the laminate.
strength

When directionally
biased reinforcement
is used care shall be taken to ensure that the high
fibres are adequately aligned in the correct direction to give the required strength.

The number, size and distribution

of air bubbles, pits or inclusions
shall be not greater than
as agreed between the purchaser and the manufacturer
on the basis of previously submitted samples.
Any spillage,

drips or runs (which

may flake loose)

shall be suitably

removed.

All surfaces exposed to the vessel contents shall be finished

smooth and free from crazing or
cracks; any such defects shall be ground out and repaired by an agreed method.
local

All surfaces shall have a reasonably

loads shall be suitably repaired.

smooth

contour

and irregularities

which

may cause high

7.9 Thermoplastics
LinersAll PVC sheet shall be stress-relieved
in an oven at a temperature
between 120C and 140C for an appropriate
time.
Stress-relieving
of extruded pipe (used as part
of the lining) may sometimes be necessary and requires special consideration.
Thermoplastics
linings should preferably
not be worked
of the possibility
of cracking at lower temperatures.
All sheet forming operations
requiring
radius bends, shall be performed hot.
The layout
not permitted.

of the fining

sheet

should

high

deformation,

be arranged

All welders engaged on the fabrication

purchaser before fabrication
commences.

of

at temperatures

such as right-angled

to avoid

vessels

below

and

welds

in corners.

tanks

shall

15C because
folds

or small

Lap welds are

be approved

by the

Before welding
of the sheet material commences the edges to be welded, together with the
In addition, glass backed polypropylene shall have the glass
filler rod, shall be suitably cleaned.
backing stripped back for a distance of 3 to 6 mm on either side of the weld to ensure that no glass
filaments
are included in the welded joint.
All

sheet welding shall be done by the hot gas-filler

rod technique
with the exception
of
which may be hot-plate
welded by agreement.
For hot gas-filler rod welding nitrogen
be used but compressed air is permissible provided it is free from moisture, dirt and
In all cases the grade of material of the filler rod shall be identical
to that of sheet material
oil.
being welded, unless otherwise
agreed.
polypropylene
shall preferably

All welds shall be fully penetrating and free from notches and pinholes and shall have at feast
g0 percent of the strength of the parent material. The permissible number, size, type and distribution
of weld defects and the method of repairing any such defects shall be by agreement.
8

IS:10661 - 1983
7.4 The test
material to be
the same way
procedure for

piece shall incorporate

a 300 mm long butt weld made by jointing
two pieces of the
used for the lining, each 300 mm long and 125 mm wide.
The weld shall be made in
as the production welds and shall include at least one stop and start in each run. Weld
the test welds shall comply with 7.3.

After completion,
the test weld shall be examined visually
spark tester giving a minimum peak voltage of 20 kV. Any weld
of fusion or pinholes shall be rejected.

and by the use of a high frequency

showing evidence of notches, lack

8. Inspection
and Test Procedure - Mechanical
and physical properties shall be determined on
specimens cut from flat laminates, prepared in the same construction
and by the same techniques as
the process equipment (preferably cut out from the same equipment).
In all cases the average value
of the indicated
number of specimens shall be used to determine conformance
with the detailed
requirements.
9. Tests
9.1 Glass Content - The glass content shall be determined
in accordance with Appendix A except
that low temperature
preignition
prior to replacement
in muffle furnace
is recommended.
The
average for five specimens shall be taken as the glass content (50-75 percent).
9.2 Tensile Strength -Tensile
strength
shall be determined
in accordance
with IS : 8543 (Part 4/
Set 1) Methods of testing plastics : Part 4 Short term mechanical
properties, Section 1 Determination tensile properties (410 - 1180 MPa).
9.3 Flexural Strength 9.4 Hardness -The
9.5 Chemical

Shall be determined

Barcol impressor

Resistance -

10. Inspection
Stages shall include the following

in accordance

with Appendix

shall be used to determine

Shall be determined

in accordance

hardness.

with

Unless otherwise
agreed between
stages as appropriate :

B.

Appendix

manufacturer

C.
and purchaser,

a) Inspection

b)
c)
d)

e)
f)
9)
W
0
k)

ml

inspection

of workshop conditions
where manufacture will be carried out;
Inspection of work record relating to the control and issue of material, resin mixing, etc.
for each tank or vessel constructed;
Identification
of the materials of construction
and their storage condition;
Approval of weld procedures and welders ( 7.3 );
Witnessing of spark tests on welds in thermoplastic
linings where these are incorporated
( 7.4 );
Examination ,during hand lay up, spray application
winding,
die moulding and jointing of
resin glass laminates;
Examination of any repairs carried out during construction;
during
hydrostatic
testing
and using
Examinations
on completion
of construction,
transmitted light during inspection
before a pigmented coat, if agreed between manufecturer and purchaser, is applied;
Examination
of other constructional
requirement as specified in the order and in this
standard;
Measurement of strain during hydraulic testing;
height
and bottom
plate distortion.
In
Checking of tolerances
on inside diameter,
consultation
with manufacturers
the following
table may be completed :

Tolerances
mm
Inside

Diameter
mm
Inside
Dia

---

Distortlon
of
Bottom Plate

Height

up to 2 000
Over 2 000 up to 4000

I
--

Over 4 000
_---_.

11. Certification

Marking

Details

available

with
9

the Indian

Standards

Institution.

IS:lO661- 1983
APPENDIX

A
9.1 )

( C/ause

GLASS
~-1. Weigh the specimen
ignited crucible.

CONTENT

( 25 mm x 25 mm ) on an analytical

balance

in a previously

weighed,

and

Raise the tempersA-2. Place the specimen in the furnace at a temperature not greater than 340C.
ture of the furnace to 565 f 28C, at a rate that will not cause blowing or loss of inorganic filler.
The specimen and crucible shall be ignited at this maximum temperature to constant weight (2 to 6
hour depending on the thickness),
and allowed to cool in a desicator.
The loss in weight shall be
determined by weighing
the residue.
A-3.

-The

CalCUfatiOn

glass content

Glass content,

shall be calculated

weight

percent

as follows

( W. - wl )
W0
I

:
x 100

where
w, = loss in weight, and
w, = original weight.

APPENDIX

( Clause 9.3 )
FLEXURAL
B-1.

PROPERTIES

Apparatus

properly calibrated
testing machine in which
the error in the
B-l.1
Testing /lhchine -A
measuring system shall not exceed f 1 percent Of maximum load expected to be measured.
load-indicating
mechanism shall be essentially free from inertial fag at the crosshead rate used.

load
The

~-1.2 Loding Noses and Supporfs - These shall have cylindrical

surfaces. In order to avold excessive
indentation
or failure due to stress concentration
directly
under the loading nose, the radius of the
nose and supports shall be at least 3.2 mm for all specimen.
The arc of the loading nose in cont8ct
with the specimen shall be sufficiently
large to prevent contact of the specimen with the sides of the
nose.
-The
specimen may be cut from sheets, plates or moulded
B-2. Test Specimen
moufded to the desired finished dimensions.
~-2.1

At least five specimens

8.3. Procedure
on two supports

shapes, or may be

shall be tested for each sample.

cross section is tested in flexure as a beam,

The bar rests
- A bar of rectangular
and is loaded by means of a loading nose midway between the supports.

~-3.1 Conditioning
40 h prior to test.

Condition

the specimen_ at 23 f

2C and 50 f

5 percent

relative

humidity

for

~-3.2 Measure the width and depth of the specimen to the nearest 0.03 mm at the centre of the
as follows and set the machine for the
support
span. Calculate
the rate of cross head motion
calculated rate,
R = ZL=/Gd

where
R ZZ rate of crosshead

motion,

mm/Min;

L = support

span, mm:
d = depth of beam, mm; and
z = rate of straining of the outer fiber mm/mm

Min

= o-01

~-3.2.1
Align the loading nose and support SO that the axes of the cylindrical
surfaces are parallel
and the loading nose is midway between the supports.
Center the specimen on the supports, with
the long 8x8s of the specimen perpendicular
to the loading nose and supports.
10

IS: 10661- 1983

B-3.2.2 Apply the load to the specimen at the calculated crosshead rate, and take simultaneous
Measure the deflection either by a gauge under the specimen in contact with
load-deflection
data.
it at the center of the support span, the gauge being mounted stationary relative to the specimen
Load deflecsupport, or by measurement of the motion of the loading nose relative to the supports.
tion curves may be plotted to ,determine the flexural yield strength. Terminate the test if the maximum
The deflection
at which this strain occurs may
strain in the outer fibres has reached 0.05 mm/mm.
be calculated by letting r equal O-05 mm/mm.
0 = rLe/6d
where
D = midspan deflection, mm;
r = strain, mm/mm;
L = support span, mm; and
d = depth of beam; mm.
LOADING

NOSE

I
I
I
SUPPORT

Note - (a) Minimum radius - a2 mm; (b) Maximum radius of supports

of loading
nose E 4 times specimen depth.

ALLOWABLE

FIG. 5

RANGE OF LOADING
SPECIMEN

= 15 times specimen depth, maximum

NOSE AND SUPPORT RADII

radius

FOR

64 mm THICK

APPENDIX

( Clause 9.5 )
CHEMICAL
C-l.

RESISTANCE

Apparatus

C-l. 1 Micrometer

A micrometer suitable for measurement

mouth glass jars

C-l .2 Containers -Wide
screw caps for low temperature
tests involving
Constant -A
range of f 2.2%.

C-l.3

C-l .4 Flexoral

temperature

of sufficient
solutions

to O-025 mm.
capacity fitted

or solvents

of low

with plastic-lined

oven or liquid bath capable of maintaining

Properties Testing Apparatus -

As given in Appendix

metal

volatility.

temperature

within

B.

C-l .5 Impressor Type Instrument

C-l .6 Analytical Balance -The
weighing to O*OOO1 g.

balance

shall

have

adequate

capacity

and

be suitable

for accurate

C-l .7 Desiccator
C-l .8 Heat Resistant, Non-Reactive
C-l .9 Muffle

Crucibles

Furnace

C-2. Test Specimen

given in C-2.1.

Prepare

laminates,

using

identical

reinforcement

in

all

the

specimens

as

C-2.1 The standard

resin-glass
laminate
from which test specimen
are out shall be moulded
as given
in C-2.
Glass content shall be 25 f 2 weight percent based on 1.1 sp. gr. cured resin, determined
11

IS:lO661by weight
accordance

1983

Glass content shall be determined

loss on ignition
of four 25 x 25 mm specimens.
with Appendix A. Dimensions of the standard laminate shall be 660 x 840 mm.

C-2.2 Specimens
laminate.
C-3.

for immersion

in test solutions

shall

be 100 x 130 x 32 mm cut

from

in

standard

Procedure

C-3.1 Condition the sample at 23 f 2C and 50 f 5 percent relative humidity

for 40 h prior to test,
Immediately
after conditioning,
measure the thickness of the specimen to the nearest 0 025 mm at
the geometric centre of each of the intended specimen 25 x 100 mm.
C-3.2 Determine the Earcol hardness by taking IO readings and recording the average of the specimen. The total number of specimen per container is not limited except by the ability of the container
to hold the specimen without touching
each other or the container.
The specimen must always be
completely
immersed.
Add a minimum of 750 ml of test solution
for each specimen and place the
closed container in a constant temperature oven adjusted to the required temperature or in a suitably
adjusted liquid bath.
Examine the specimen after 30, 90, 180 days and 1 year of immersion to determine the rate of attack. The test may be terminated
if the specimen decomposes.
If the specimen
has not disintegrated,
they are removed from the solution, rinsed with water, and wiped dry prior
to measuring Barcol hardness.
C-3.3

Run flexural

C-4.

Calculations

tests in accordance

with

Appendix

B and record the maximum

load.

the actual hardness readings of the

C-4.1 Barcol Hardness Change - Tabulate a graph employing
specimen broken at a given temperature,
plotting
the hardness as ordinate and the test period, in
days, as the abscissa.
The graph will indicate whether a particular
specimen will approach constant
hardness with time.
to the nearest 0.1 percent, the percentage decrease
C-4 2 Change in Nexural Strength -Calculate
or increase in flexural strength of the specimen during immersion for each examination
period, taking
the ftexural strength after conditioning
as 100 percent.
Change

in flexural

strength,

percent

(&--I)
S1

x 100

where
S1 = flexural
s, = flexural
Construct a graph
broken at a given
temperature.

strength
strength

of specimen after conditioning,

of specimen after test period.

and

employing
the average percentage of change in flexural strength of the specimen
examination
period after immersion
in a particular
test solution
at a given

EXPLANATORY

NOTE

In the preparation of this standard assistance has-been derived

tanks in reinforced plastics issued by British Stanctards Institution.

from BS 4994-l

973 Vessels and

12
Wntrd

rt Delhi PrIntor*

Dolhl. India