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Hairpin Heat Exchanger Design Calculation

The document outlines a thermal balance calculation for cooling 13,000 lb/hr of gas oil from 450 to 350°F using gasoline at a higher temperature. It details the required number of hairpins, their arrangement, and the final dirt factor, concluding that four 20-ft hairpins are needed in parallel with a final dirt factor of 0.0098. The calculations involve determining heat transfer coefficients and surface areas necessary for effective cooling.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
51 views6 pages

Hairpin Heat Exchanger Design Calculation

The document outlines a thermal balance calculation for cooling 13,000 lb/hr of gas oil from 450 to 350°F using gasoline at a higher temperature. It details the required number of hairpins, their arrangement, and the final dirt factor, concluding that four 20-ft hairpins are needed in parallel with a final dirt factor of 0.0098. The calculations involve determining heat transfer coefficients and surface areas necessary for effective cooling.

Uploaded by

istimadinah
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

6.11 13.000 lb/hr of 26o API gas oil (see Example 6.

3 in text for viscosities) is cooled from


450 to 350oF by heating 57o API gasoline under pressured from 220 to 230oF in as many
3-by 2-in. IPS double pipe 20 ft hairpins as are required. Pressure drops of 10 psi are
permitted along with a minimum dirt factor of 0,004. (a) How many hairpins are
required? (b) How shall they be arranged? (c) What is the final dirt factor?
Penyelesaian:
(1) Neraca Panas
Q = WC(T1-T2)
Gas oil, Tav =

1
( 450+350) = 400oF
2

c = 0,62 Btu/lb [Fig. 4]

Q = 13.000 x 0,62 x (450-350) = 806.000 Btu/hr


Gasoline, tav =

1
(230+220) = 225oF c = 0,58 Btu/lb [Fig. 4]
2

W=

806.000
0,58(230220)

= 139.000 lb/hr

(2) t :
Fluida Panas
450
350

LMTD =

t 2 t 1
t
2,3 log 2
t1

Higher Temp
Lower Temp

Fluida Dingin
230
220

Perbedaan
t2 = 220
t1 = 130
t2 - t1 = 90

90
=

2,3 log

220
130

= 171,26 oF

Jika nilai t dihitung dengan cara trial and error, maka diperoleh t = 171 oF (
171,26 ) dan diperoleh jumah aliran yaitu 2 yang disusun secara paralel.

(3) Temperatur Kalor


1
Tav = 2 ( 450+350) = 400oF
tav =

1
(230+220) = 225oF
2

Berdasarkan Tabel 6.2 diketahui bahwa luas aliran pada inner pipe lebih besar
daripada annulus. Maka, gasoline berada pada inner pipe karena laju airnya lebih
besar daripada gas oil.
Fluida panas: annulus, gas oil
(4) Luas area aliran
Informasi nilai OD (outside diameter) dan ID (inside diameter) dapat dilihat pada
Tabel 11.
D2 = 3,068/12 = 0,256 ft
D1 = 2,38/12 = 0,199 ft
aa = (D22 D12)/4
= (0,2562-0,1992)/4
= 0,0206 ft2
Diameter ekuivalen:
De = (D22 D12)/D1
= (0,2562-0,1992)/0,199
= 0,13 ft
(5) Kecepatan massa
W
13.000
Ga = aa = 0,0206

[Eq. (6.3)]

= 631.100 lb/(hr)(ft2)

(6) Pada suhu 400oF, = 0,63 cp

[Fig. 14]

= 0,63 x 2,42 = 1,52 lb/(ft)(hr)


Bilangan Reynold, Rea =

D e Ga

(0,13)(631.100)
1,52

= 54.000
(7) jH = 160

[Fig. 24]

(8) Pada suhu 400oF, c = 0,62 Btu/(lb)(oF)


k = 0,065 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF/ft)

[Fig. 1]

[Fig. 4]

c
k

1 /2

( )
(9) ho = jH

(0,62)(0,63)
(0,065)

k c
De k

= 160 x

1 /2

1/ 2

= 2,45

0,14

( ) ( )

[Eq. (6.15b)]

0,065
0,13 x 2,45 x 1,0

= 196 Btu/(hr) (ft2)(oF)


Fluida dingin: inner pipe, gasoline
(4) Luas area aliran
Informasi nilai OD (outside diameter) dan ID (inside diameter) dapat dilihat pada
Tabel 11.
D = 2,067/12 = 0,172 ft
ap = D2/4
= (0,1722/4
= 0,0233 ft2
(5) Kecepatan massa
W
139.000
Gp = a p = 0,0233

= 6.000.000 lb/(hr)(ft2)

(6) Pada suhu 225oF, = 0,27 cp

[Fig. 14]

= 0,27 x 2,42 = 0,65 lb/(ft)(hr)


Bilangan Reynold, Rea =

D Gp

(0,172)(6.000.000)
0,27

= 3.820.000
(7) jH = 280

[Fig. 24]

(8) Pada suhu 225oF, c = 0,58 Btu/(lb)(oF)


k = 0,078 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF/ft)
c
k

1 /2

( )
(9) hi = jH

(0,58)(0,27)
(0,078)

k c
D k

1/ 2

( )( )

= 280 x

[Fig. 4]

[Tabel 4]
1 /2

= 1,42

0,14

[Eq. (6.15a)]

0,078
0,172 x 1,42 x 1,0

= 180 Btu/(hr) (ft2)(oF)

(10) hio = hi x
= 180 x

ID
OD

[Eq. (6.15a)]

2,067
2,38

= 156

(11) Clean overall coefficient, Uc:


Uc =

hio ho 156 x 196


=
hio + ho 156+196

= 87 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF)

(12) Design overall coefficient, UD:


1
1
= + Rd
U D Uc
Rd = 0,004 + 0,004 = 0,008 (hr)(ft2)(oF)/Btu
1
1
= +0,008
U D 87
UD = 51 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF)
Summary
196
UC
UD

h outside
87
51

(13) Luas permukaan yang dibutuhkan:

156

Q = UDAt
A=

Q
UDt

Luas permukaan =

806.000
51 x 171,26

= 92,3 ft2

Dari Tabel 11 untuk 2 in, IPS standar pipa adalah 0,622 ft 2 dari permukaan luar per
panjang.
Panjang yang diperlukan =

92,3
0,622

= 148 lin ft

Berarti dibutuhkan empat 20-ft hairpins atau 160 lin ft yang dihubungkan
secara paralel.
(14) Luas permukaan aktual adalah 160 x 0,622 = 99,52 ft2.
Dirt factor yang sebenarnya akan lebih besar daripada yang diperlukan. Koefisien
desain aktual adalah:
UD =

806.000
99,52 x 171,26

Rd =

U C U D 8747
=
U C U D 87 x 47

= 47 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF)

= 0,0098 (hr)(ft2)(oF)/Btu

Maka dirt factor akhir adalah 0,0098 (hr)(ft2)(oF)/Btu.

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