EngineeringServices

TechnicalStandard

TS0710
Concrete

Revision:1.0
Date:21November2016

2016 [Link].
ThisdocumentmaycontainconfidentialinformationofSAWaterCorporation.
Disclosureordisseminationtounauthorisedindividualsisstrictlyprohibited.
Unauthorisedprintedcopiesareuncontrolled.

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Copyright
[Link]
[Link],copiedor
transmittedinanyformorbyanymeanswithouttheexpresswrittenpermissionofSAWater.
TheinformationcontainedinthisStandardisstrictlyfortheprivateuseoftheintended
recipientinrelationtoworksorprojectsofSAWater.
ThisStandardhasbeenpreparedforSAWatersowninternaluseandSAWatermakesno
representationastothequality,accuracyorsuitabilityoftheinformationforanyother
purpose.

Application&InterpretationofthisDocument
ItistheresponsibilityoftheusersofthisStandardtoensurethattheapplicationof
informationisappropriateandthatanydesignsbasedonthisStandardarefitforSAWaters
purposesandcomplywithallrelevantAustralianStandards,Actsandregulations.
UsersofthisStandardacceptsoleresponsibilityforinterpretationanduseoftheinformation
[Link],fitnessforpurpose
andapplicationofinformationcontainedinthisStandard.
OnlythecurrentrevisionofthisStandardshouldbeusedwhichisavailablefordownloadfrom
theSAWaterwebsite.

Significant/MajorChangesIncorporatedinThisEdition
Nil.

ThisisthefirstissueofthisTechnicalStandard.
ThisTechnicalStandardssupersedesthefollowingSAwaterTechnicalStandards:
TS1a SupplyandDeliveryofLeanMix,NoFines,Grade20or25Concrete
TS1b SupplyandDeliveryofGrade32,40or50Concrete
TS3b FineandCoarseAggregatesforConcreteforWaterRetainingStructuresandin

AggressiveEnvironments(ExcludingLightweightAggregate)
TS3c FineandCoarseCalcareousAggregates(Marble)forConcreteSewerageStructures

(ExcludingLightweightAggregate)
TS68 ReinforcedConcreteConstructionforLiquidRetainingStructuresand/orAggressive

Environments

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page2of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

DocumentControls

RevisionHistory

Revision Date

Author

Comments

21November
2016

HanyHabib

1.0

Template:TechnicalStandardVersion6.00,10/05/2016

Approvers
Role

SignatureandDate

ResponsibleDisciplineLead

30/11/2016

HanyHabib

X
Signer's Name
Signed by: HA003047

ManagerEngineeringTechnicalServices

30/11/2016

MuratAksoy
X
Signer's Name
Signed by: AK003305

SeniorManagerEngineeringServices

12/12/2016

RichardGray

X
Signer's Name
Signed by: GR001964

Reviewers
Role

Name

Revision

ReviewDate

PrincipalEngineerMaterialsScience

PaulVince

1.0

22Nov2016

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page3of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Contents
1
Introduction..............................................................................................................10
1.1
Purpose........................................................................................................................10
1.2
Glossary........................................................................................................................10
1.3
References...................................................................................................................10
1.3.1
AustralianandInternational...................................................................................10
1.3.2
SAWaterDocuments..............................................................................................14
1.4
Definitions....................................................................................................................14
2

Scope.........................................................................................................................16

DesignLife.................................................................................................................16

QualityAssurance......................................................................................................16

5
Concrete....................................................................................................................17
NormalClassConcrete.................................................................................................17
5.1
5.2
SpecialClassConcrete.................................................................................................17
5.3
LeanConcrete..............................................................................................................17
5.4
NoFinesConcrete.......................................................................................................18
5.4.1
Scope......................................................................................................................18
5.4.2
CoarseAggregate....................................................................................................18
5.4.3
Cement...................................................................................................................18
5.4.4
MixDesignRequirements.......................................................................................18
5.4.5
SupplyandDelivery................................................................................................18
5.4.6
Placement,CompactionandFinish........................................................................18
5.4.7
Curing......................................................................................................................19
5.5
OtherTypesofConcrete..............................................................................................19
6
ConstituentMaterialsofConcrete.............................................................................19
6.1
CementitiousMaterials...............................................................................................19
6.1.1
Cement...................................................................................................................19
6.1.2
FlyAsh.....................................................................................................................19
6.1.3
GroundGranulatedBlastFurnaceSlag...................................................................19
6.1.4
AmorphousSilica....................................................................................................20
6.2
Aggregates...................................................................................................................20
6.2.1
General...................................................................................................................20
6.2.2
FineAggregate........................................................................................................21
6.2.3
CoarseAggregates..................................................................................................22
6.2.4
AdditionalRequirementsforCalcareousAggregates.............................................23
6.3
MixingWater...............................................................................................................23
6.4
Admixtures...................................................................................................................24
6.5
OtherAdditives............................................................................................................25
6.6
SolubleSalts.................................................................................................................26
6.7
StorageofMaterials....................................................................................................26
6.7.1
StorageofCementitiousMaterials.........................................................................26
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page4of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete
6.7.2
6.7.3

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

StorageofAggregates.............................................................................................27
MoistureContentofAggregates............................................................................27

7
DesignofConcreteMixes...........................................................................................27
7.1
RequirementsforFreshConcrete................................................................................27
7.1.1
Consistency.............................................................................................................27
7.1.2
SlumpwithMidRangeandHighRangeWaterReducingAdmixture....................28
7.1.3
DryingShrinkage.....................................................................................................28
7.1.4
Bleed.......................................................................................................................28
7.1.5
AirContent..............................................................................................................29
7.2
RequirementsforHardenedConcrete........................................................................29
7.2.1
DesignRequirements..............................................................................................29
7.2.2
TypicalConcreteCharacteristicsandDurabilityRequirementsforConcretebased
onExposureClassifications.....................................................................................29
7.2.3
CoverToleranceRequirements..............................................................................35
7.2.4
MaximumCrackWidthRequirement.....................................................................35
7.2.5
RequirementsforConcreteandConcreteStructuresinContactwithPotable
Water......................................................................................................................36
8
DesignandAcceptanceofConcreteMix....................................................................36
8.1
General........................................................................................................................36
8.2
ProposedMixDesign...................................................................................................36
8.3
TrialMix.......................................................................................................................38
8.3.1
General...................................................................................................................38
8.3.2
TrialMixTestRequirements...................................................................................38
8.3.3
TrialMixReport......................................................................................................39
8.4
ApprovalofConcreteMixDesign................................................................................40
8.4.1
VariationstoApprovedConcreteMixDesign........................................................40
8.4.2
TrialPours...............................................................................................................41
8.5
ConcreteMaximumTemperature...............................................................................41
8.6
ConcreteMaximumTemperatureDifferentials..........................................................42
9
SupplyandDeliveryofConcrete................................................................................42
9.1
General........................................................................................................................42
9.2
ConcreteDelivery........................................................................................................42
9.3
OnsiteTransportation................................................................................................43
9.3.1
ConcretePump.......................................................................................................43
9.3.2
ConcreteBucketorKibble......................................................................................43
9.3.3
Chute.......................................................................................................................44
9.3.4
BeltConveyor.........................................................................................................44
9.4
PeriodforCompletionofDischarge,PlacementandCompaction..............................44
9.5
RetemperingwithadditionofWaterorAdmixtureafterMixing................................45
10 ConcretePlacementandCompaction........................................................................45
10.1
ConcretePlacing..........................................................................................................45
10.1.1
General...................................................................................................................45
10.1.2
Preparation.............................................................................................................45
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page5of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

10.1.3
Placement...............................................................................................................46
10.1.4
AdverseWeatherConditions..................................................................................47
10.1.5
UnscheduledInterruptionstoConcretePlacing....................................................49
10.1.6
DimensionsofConcretePlacing.............................................................................49
10.1.7
ConcretePlacingSequence....................................................................................49
10.1.8
UnderwaterConcretePlacement...........................................................................50
10.1.9
UseofRockSpalls...................................................................................................50
10.1.10
TraceabilityofConcrete..........................................................................................50
CompactionofConcrete..............................................................................................50
10.2
10.3
Screeding.....................................................................................................................51
11 FinishingofUnformedConcreteSurfaces...................................................................51
11.1
General........................................................................................................................51
11.2
ClassU1........................................................................................................................52
11.3
ClassU2........................................................................................................................52
11.4
ClassU3........................................................................................................................52
11.5
ClassU4........................................................................................................................52
11.6
ClassU5........................................................................................................................53
11.7
ReferenceSampleSlabs...............................................................................................53
12

FormedConcreteSurfaces.........................................................................................53

13 ConcreteCuringandProtection.................................................................................53
13.1
General........................................................................................................................53
13.2
CuringafterPlacement................................................................................................53
13.3
CuringafterHardened.................................................................................................54
13.4
LiquidMembraneFormingCuringCompound............................................................54
13.5
RetentionofFormwork...............................................................................................55
13.6
AcceleratedHeatCuring..............................................................................................55
13.7
CuringDuration............................................................................................................56
14 Joints.........................................................................................................................56
14.1
General........................................................................................................................56
14.2
ConstructionJoints......................................................................................................56
14.3
ControlJoints...............................................................................................................57
14.4
ConcreteJointsforWaterRetainingandExcludingStructures...................................57
14.4.1
GeneralRequirements............................................................................................57
14.4.2
WaterstopProvenDurabilityandRequirements...................................................57
15 ConcreteTemperatureandStrainMonitoring............................................................58
15.1
ThermalBlock..............................................................................................................58
15.2
SiteMonitoring............................................................................................................58
16 PrecastConcreteUnits...............................................................................................59
16.1
General........................................................................................................................59
16.2
TraceabilityofPrecastConcreteUnits........................................................................60

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page6of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

17 SprayedConcrete.......................................................................................................60
17.1
General........................................................................................................................60
17.2
CompetencyofPersonnelInvolvedinSprayedConcrete...........................................61
17.3
PrequalificationofSprayingProcedure.......................................................................61
17.3.1
General...................................................................................................................61
17.3.2
PreparationofTestPanels......................................................................................61
17.3.3
SamplingandTestingofPanels..............................................................................62
17.3.4
Prequalification.......................................................................................................62
17.4
ApplicationofSprayedConcrete.................................................................................62
17.4.1
Equipment..............................................................................................................62
17.4.2
SurfacePreparation................................................................................................63
17.4.3
Application..............................................................................................................63
17.4.4
Finishing..................................................................................................................64
17.4.5
TolerancesonSurfaceofSprayedConcrete...........................................................64
17.4.6
Joints.......................................................................................................................65
17.4.7
InspectionandSoundnessofFinishedSprayedConcrete......................................65
17.4.8
RepairofDefectiveAreas.......................................................................................65
18

CrackInspectionandAssessment..............................................................................65

19

SiteConcreteCoverMeasurements...........................................................................66

20

WallConcreteCompactionforLiquidRetainingStructures........................................66

21 ConcreteRepair.........................................................................................................67
21.1
General........................................................................................................................67
21.2
ConcreteRepairMaterialsandProcedures.................................................................67
21.3
RepairedConcreteTolerances.....................................................................................68
21.4
RepairedConcreteQualityControl..............................................................................68
22 ConcreteQualityControl...........................................................................................69
22.1
General........................................................................................................................69
22.2
ConcreteQualityCriteria.............................................................................................69
22.3
BatchCertificates.........................................................................................................69
22.4
RequirementsforTestingFacilitiesandPersonnel.....................................................70
22.5
TestingFrequency........................................................................................................70
22.6
SamplingandTesting...................................................................................................70
22.7
Noncompliances.........................................................................................................70
22.8
RejectionofConcrete..................................................................................................71
23 SuperWorkableConcrete..........................................................................................71
23.1
General........................................................................................................................71
23.2
RequirementsforFreshSuperWorkableConcrete.....................................................71
23.3
SamplingandTesting...................................................................................................72
23.4
SelfCompactingConcrete(SCC)..................................................................................72

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page7of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

24

UltraHighPerformanceConcrete..............................................................................72

25

AlkaliActivatedConcrete...........................................................................................72

26 FormworkandFalsework...........................................................................................73
26.1
General........................................................................................................................73
26.2
FormworkConstruction...............................................................................................73
26.3
FormTies.....................................................................................................................74
26.4
RemovalofFormwork.................................................................................................74
26.5
ProprietaryFormworkandFalseworkSystem............................................................75
27 InsertandSupport.....................................................................................................75
27.1
EmbedmentofInserts.................................................................................................75
27.2
Supports.......................................................................................................................76
28

BarChairsandSpacers...............................................................................................76

29 Reinforcement...........................................................................................................76
29.1
SteelReinforcement....................................................................................................76
29.1.1
Materials.................................................................................................................76
29.1.2
Schedules................................................................................................................76
29.1.3
Fixing.......................................................................................................................77
29.1.4
Bending...................................................................................................................77
29.1.5
Splicing....................................................................................................................77
29.1.6
Welding...................................................................................................................77
29.1.7
Surfaceconditionofreinforcement.......................................................................78
29.1.8
ProtectionofSteelReinforcement.........................................................................78
29.2
StainlessSteelReinforcement.....................................................................................79
29.2.1
Materials.................................................................................................................79
29.2.2
Schedules................................................................................................................79
29.2.3
Fixing.......................................................................................................................79
29.2.4
Bending...................................................................................................................79
29.2.5
Splicing....................................................................................................................80
29.2.6
Welding...................................................................................................................80
29.2.7
Surfaceconditionofreinforcement.......................................................................80
29.3
PrestressingTendons..................................................................................................80
29.3.1
General...................................................................................................................80
29.3.2
PrestressingAnchorages.......................................................................................81
29.3.3
PrestressingSheathing..........................................................................................81
29.3.4
InspectionofConcreteinPrestressingElements..................................................81
29.4
FibreReinforcedPolymerReinforcement...................................................................81
29.4.1
Materials.................................................................................................................81
29.4.2
Schedules................................................................................................................81
Fixing.......................................................................................................................82
29.4.3
29.4.4
HandlingandStorage.............................................................................................82
29.4.5
Bending...................................................................................................................82
29.4.6
Splicing....................................................................................................................82
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page8of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete
29.4.7
30

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Surfaceconditionofreinforcement.......................................................................83

DissimilarMetalsEmbeddedinConcrete...................................................................83

31 FibreReinforcedConcrete..........................................................................................83
31.1
SteelFibreReinforcedConcrete(SFRC).......................................................................83
31.1.1
General...................................................................................................................83
31.1.2
SupplyandDelivery................................................................................................84
31.2
SyntheticFibreReinforcedConcrete...........................................................................85
32

ContractorWorksMethodStatementforConcreteincludingEarlyAgeThermalCrack
Assessment................................................................................................................86

Listoffigures
Notableoffiguresentriesfound.

Listoftables
Table1MinimumFrequencyofTestingforFineAggregates...................................................22
Table2MinimumFrequencyofTestingforCoarseAggregates...............................................23
Table3MaximumAcidSolubleChlorideIonContentinConcrete.........................................26
Table4MaximumShrinkageStrainofConcreteSpecimens....................................................28
Table5TypicalConcreteCharacteristics..................................................................................32
Table6ToleranceonLocationsofReinforcement...................................................................35
Table7MaximumAcceptableCrackWidth.............................................................................35
Table8AllowableTimefromBatchingtoPlacing.....................................................................44
Table9MinimumAcceptableCriteriaforFreshSuperWorkableConcrete............................71

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page9of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Introduction
SAWaterisresponsibleforoperationandmaintenanceofanextensiveamountofengineering
infrastructure.
Thisstandardhasbeendevelopedtoassistinthedesign,maintenance,construction,and
managementofthisinfrastructure.

1.1 Purpose
Thepurposeofthisstandardistodetailminimumrequirementstoensurethatassetscovered
bythescopeofthisstandardareconstructedandmaintainedtoconsistentstandardsand
attaintherequiredassetlife.
TheaimofthisTechnicalStandardistoachieveconcreteoftherequiredstrength,durability
[Link],supply,placing,compacting,finishing,curingof
concrete,includingmassconcrete,reinforcedconcrete,prestressedconcrete,leanmixandno
finesconcrete.

1.2 Glossary
Thefollowingglossaryitemsareusedinthisdocument:

Term

Description

SAWater

SouthAustralianWaterCorporation

TG

SAWaterTechnicalGuideline

TS

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

1.3 References
1.3.1

AustralianandInternational

ThefollowingtableidentifiesAustralianandInternationalstandardsandothersimilar
documentsreferencedinthisdocument:
Number

Title

AS1012.1

MethodsoftestingconcreteSamplingofconcrete

AS1012.2

MethodsoftestingconcretePreparingconcretemixesinthelaboratory

AS1012.3.1

MethodsoftestingconcreteDeterminationofpropertiesrelatedtotheconsistencyof
concreteSlumptest

AS1012.3.5

MethodsoftestingconcreteDeterminationofpropertiesrelatedtotheconsistencyof
concreteSlumpflow,T500andJringtest

AS1012.4.1

MethodsoftestingconcreteDeterminationofaircontentoffreshlymixedconcrete
Measuringreductioninconcretevolumewithincreasedairpressure

AS1012.4.2

MethodsoftestingconcreteDeterminationofaircontentoffreshlymixedconcrete
Measuringreductioninairpressureinchamberaboveconcrete

AS1012.6

MethodsoftestingconcreteDeterminationofbleedingofconcrete

AS1012.8.1

MethodsoftestingconcreteMethodformakingandcuringconcreteCompression
andindirecttensiletestspecimens

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page10of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Number

Title

AS1012.8.4

MethodsoftestingconcreteMethodformakingandcuringconcreteDrying
shrinkagespecimenspreparedinthefieldorinthelaboratory

AS1012.9

MethodsoftestingconcreteCompressivestrengthtestsConcrete,mortarandgrout
specimens

AS1012.11

MethodsoftestingconcreteDeterminationofthemodulusofrupture

AS1012.13

MethodsoftestingconcreteDeterminationofthedryingshrinkageofconcretefor
samplespreparedinthefieldorinthelaboratory

AS1012.14

MethodsoftestingconcreteMethodforsecuringandtestingcoresfromhardened
concreteforcompressivestrength

AS1012.20.1

MethodsoftestingconcreteDeterminationofchlorideandsulfateinhardened
concreteandconcreteaggregates

AS1012.21

MethodsoftestingconcreteDeterminationofwaterabsorptionandapparentvolume
ofpermeablevoidsinhardenedconcrete

AS1141.5

MethodsforsamplingandtestingaggregatesParticledensityandwaterabsorptionof
fineaggregate

AS1141.6.1

MethodsforsamplingandtestingaggregatesParticledensityandwaterabsorptionof
coarseaggregateWeighinginwatermethod

AS1141.6.2

MethodsforsamplingandtestingofaggregatesParticledensityandwaterabsorption
ofcoarseaggregatePycnometermethod

AS1141.11.1

MethodsforsamplingandtestingaggregatesParticlesizedistributionSieving
method

AS1141.13

MethodsforsamplingandtestingaggregatesMaterialfinerthan2micrometre

AS1141.14

MethodsforsamplingandtestingaggregatesParticleshape,byproportionalcalliper

AS1141.15

MethodsforsamplingandtestingaggregatesFlakinessindex

AS1141.22

MethodsforsamplingandtestingaggregatesWet/drystrengthvariation

AS1141.23

MethodsforsamplingandtestingaggregatesLosAngelesvalue

AS1141.24

MethodsforsamplingandtestingaggregatesAggregatesoundnessEvaluationby
exposuretosodiumsulphatesolution

AS1141.25.3

MethodsforsamplingandtestingaggregatesDegradationfactorFineaggregate

AS1141.31

MethodsforsamplingandtestingaggregatesLightparticles

AS1141.34

MethodsforsamplingandtestingaggregatesOrganicimpuritiesotherthansugar

AS1141.35

MethodsforsamplingandtestingaggregatesSugar

AS1141.25.3

MethodsforsamplingandtestingaggregatesDegradationfactorFineaggregate

AS1141.60.1

MethodsforsamplingandtestingaggregatesPotentialalkalisilicareactivity
Acceleratedmortarbarmethod

AS1141.60.2

MethodsforsamplingandtestingaggregatesPotentialalkalisilicareactivity
Concreteprismmethod

AS1141.65

MethodsforsamplingandtestingaggregatesAlkaliaggregatereactivityQualitative
petrologicalscreeningforpotentialalkalisilicareaction

AS1141.66

MethodsforsamplingandtestingaggregatesMethyleneblueadsorptionvalueoffine
aggregateandmineralfillers

AS1289.2.1.1

MethodsoftestingsoilsforengineeringpurposesSoilmoisturecontenttests

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page11of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete
Number

SAWaterTechnicalStandard
Title
Determinationofthemoisturecontentofasoil Ovendryingmethod(standard
method)

AS1289.2.1.2

MethodsoftestingsoilsforengineeringpurposesSoilmoisturecontenttests
DeterminationofthemoisturecontentofasoilSandbathmethod(subsidiarymethod)

AS1289.2.1.4

MethodsoftestingsoilsforengineeringpurposesSoilmoisturecontenttests
DeterminationofthemoisturecontentofasoilMicrowaveovendryingmethod
(subsidiarymethod)

AS1289.2.1.5

MethodsoftestingsoilsforengineeringpurposesSoilmoisturecontenttests
DeterminationofthemoisturecontentofasoilInfraredlightsmethod(subsidiary
method)

AS1289.2.1.6

MethodsoftestingsoilsforengineeringpurposesSoilmoisturecontenttests
DeterminationofthemoisturecontentofasoilHotplatedryingmethod

AS1289.5.1.1

MethodsoftestingsoilsforengineeringpurposesSoilcompactionanddensitytests
Determinationofthedrydensity/moisturecontentrelationofasoilusingstandard
compactiveeffort

AS/NZS1314

Prestressinganchorages

AS1379

Specificationandsupplyofconcrete

AS1418.15

Cranes(includinghoistsandwinches)Concreteplacingequipment

AS1478.1

Chemicaladmixturesforconcrete,mortarandgroutAdmixturesforconcrete

AS1478.2

Chemicaladmixturesforconcrete,mortarandgroutMethodsofsamplingandtesting
admixturesforconcrete,mortarandgrout

AS/NZS1554.3

StructuralsteelweldingWeldingofreinforcingsteel

AS/NZS1554.6

StructuralsteelweldingWeldingstainlesssteelsforstructuralpurposes

AS1597.1

PrecastreinforcedconcreteboxculvertsSmallculverts(notexceeding1200mmspan
and1200mmheight)

AS1597.2

PrecastreinforcedconcreteboxculvertsLargeculverts(exceeding1200mmspanor
1200mmheightanduptoandincluding4200mmspanand4200mmheight)

AS2159

PilingDesignandinstallation

AS/NZS2425

BarchairsinreinforcedconcreteProductrequirementsandtestmethods

AS2758.1

AggregatesandrockforengineeringpurposesConcreteaggregates

AS/NZS3582.1

SupplementarycementitiousmaterialsFlyash

AS3582.2

SupplementarycementitiousmaterialsSlagGroundgranulatedblastfurnace

AS/NZS3582.3

SupplementarycementitiousmaterialsAmorphoussilica

AS3600

Concretestructures

AS3610

Formworkforconcrete

AS3610.1

FormworkforconcreteDocumentationandsurfacefinish

AS3735

Concretestructuresretainingliquids

AS3799

Liquidmembraneformingcuringcompoundsforconcrete

AS3850.1

PrefabricatedconcreteelementsGeneralrequirements

AS3850.2

PrefabricatedconcreteelementsBuildingconstruction

AS3972

Generalpurposeandblendedcements

AS/NZS4020

Testingofproductsforuseincontactwithdrinkingwater

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page12of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Number

Title

AS/NZS4058

Precastconcretepipes(pressureandnonpressure)

AS4198

Precastconcreteaccesschambersforsewerageapplications

AS/NZS4680

Hotdipgalvanized(zinc)coatingsonfabricatedferrousarticles

AS/NZS4672.1

SteelprestressingmaterialsGeneralrequirements

AS/NZS4672.2

SteelprestressingmaterialsTestingrequirements

AS4997

Guidelinesforthedesignofmaritimestructures

AS/NZS4671

Steelreinforcingmaterials

AS/NZS4676

Structuraldesignrequirementsforutilityservicespoles

AS5100.5

BridgedesignConcrete

AS/NZISO9001

Qualitymanagementsystemsrequirements

BS1881204

[Link]

BS6744

[Link]
methods

BS79732

SpacersandchairsforsteelreinforcementandtheirspecificationPart2:Fixingand
applicationofspacersandchairsandtyingofreinforcement.

BS8666

Scheduling,dimensioning,bendingandcuttingofsteelreinforcementforconcrete.
Specification.

BSEN14721

[Link]
hardenedconcrete

BSEN148891

FibresforconcretePart1:SteelfibresDefinitions,specificationsandconformity

BSEN148892

FibresforconcretePart2:PolymerfibresDefinitions,specificationsandconformity

EN2061

ConcretePart1:Specification,performance,productionandconformity

ISO17025

Generalrequirementsforthecompetenceoftestingandcalibrationlaboratories

ISO229651

ConcretePart1:Methodsofspecifyingandguidanceforthespecifier

ACI117

GuideForToleranceCompatibilityInConcreteConstruction

ACI224R01

ControlofCrackinginConcreteStructures

ACI30510

GuidetoHotWeatherConcreting

ACI440.6M

SpecificationForCarbonAndGlassFibrereinforcedPolymerBarMaterialsForConcrete
Reinforcement

ASTMA380

StandardPracticeforCleaning,Descaling,andPassivationofStainlessSteelParts,
Equipment,andSystems

ASTMA955M

StandardSpecificationforDeformedandPlainStainlessSteelBarsforConcrete
Reinforcement

ASTMC1074

PracticeforEstimatingConcreteStrengthbytheMaturityMethod

ASTMC1018

StandardTestMethodforFlexuralToughnessandFirstCrackStrengthofFibre
ReinforcedConcrete(UsingBeamWithThirdPointLoading)(Thisstandardhasbeen
withdrawnbutthemethodcanstillbeused)

ASTMC1603

TestMethodforMeasurementofSolidsinWater

ASTMC1611

StandardTestMethodforSlumpFlowofSelfConsolidatingConcrete

ASTMC1621

StandardTestMethodforPassingAbilityofSelfConsolidatingConcretebyJRing

ASTMC1293

StandardTestMethodforDeterminationofLengthChangeofConcreteDuetoAlkali

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page13of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete
Number

SAWaterTechnicalStandard
Title
SilicaReaction

CIAZ5

ShotcretinginAustralia

CIAZ7/01

DurabilityPlanning

CIAZ7/04

GoodPracticeThroughDesign,ConcreteSupplyandConstruction

CIAZ7/07

PerformanceTeststoAssessConcreteDurability

CIAZ9

CIACuringofConcrete

CIAZ12

CIAPumpedConcrete

CIAZ40

SuperworkableConcrete

CIRIAC660

EarlyageThermalCrackControlinConcrete

AWWAB100

GranularFilterMaterial(byAmericanWaterWorksAssociation)

FHWARD02099 GuideforCuringofPortlandCementConcretePavements:FinalReport
SAHB79

AlkaliAggregateReactionGuidelinesonMinimisingtheRiskofDamagetoConcrete
StructuresinAustralia

HB84

GuidetoConcreteRepairandProtection

NTBUILD443

Concrete,hardened:Acceleratedchloridepenetration

NTBUILD492

Concrete,mortarandcementbasedrepairmaterials:Chloridemigrationcoefficient
fromnonsteadystatemigrationexperiments

NP:PCH

PrecastConcreteHandbookbytheNationalPrecastConcreteAssociationAustralia
(NPCAA)inconjunctionwiththeConcreteInstituteofAustralia

ICRI310.2R

SelectingandSpecifyingConcreteSurfacePreparationforSealers,Coatings,Polymer
Overlays,andConcreteRepair

NationalCodeofPracticeforPrecastTiltUpandConcreteElements

1.3.2

SAWaterDocuments

ThefollowingtableidentifiestheSAWaterstandardsandothersimilardocumentsreferenced
inthisdocument:
Number

Title

TS0002

PVCWaterstop

1.4 Definitions
Thefollowingdefinitionsareapplicabletothisdocument:
Term

Description

SAWatersRepresentative

TheSAWaterrepresentativewithdelegatedauthorityunderaContractor
engagement,including(asapplicable):
SuperintendentsRepresentative(e.g.AS4300&AS2124etc.)
SAWaterProjectManager
SAWaternominatedcontactperson

ResponsibleDisciplineLead
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

TheengineeringdisciplineexpertresponsibleforTS0710definedonpage3
DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page14of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Term

Description
(viaSAWatersRepresentative)

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page15of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Scope
ThisTechnicalStandardappliestotheconstructionofconcretestructures;itappliestobothin
[Link]
doesnotapplyto:
Temporaryconcretestructures.
Alltypesoflightweightconcrete.
Specialtechnologies/innovativedesigns.
Grout.
Mortar.
Recycledconcrete.
Expansiveconcrete.
Polymerconcrete.

ThisTechnicalStandarddoesnotcoverhealthandsafetyaspectsofconcretemanufacturing,
supplyandconstructionorthirdpartysafetyrequirements.
ThisTechnicalStandardshallbereadinconjunctionwithAustralianStandardsandother
TechnicalStandardsasappropriate.

DesignLife
ThedesignlifefortheWorksshallbeinstructedbySAWatersRepresentativeandshall
include:

1.

50years::Buildinganddepots,shedsandwarehouses,externaltankaprons,
hardstands,slabsonground,ramps,switchboardplinthsandtransformers
bundings,accessstructuresandworkingplatforms,stormwater
channelsetc.

2.

100years:Water/wastewatertreatmentplantsandpumpingstations,storagetanks,
valvechambers,Maintenanceholes,pipechairs,thrustandanchorblocks,
bridgesandjettystructuresetc.

3.

Anotherperiod:Asstipulatedintheprojectspecification.

QualityAssurance
ThefollowingrequirementsareinadditiontothosecontainedintheContract.
TheContractorshallplan,establishandmaintainaqualitysystemfortheprojectwhich
conformstothisStandardandcomplies,asaminimum,withalltherelevantsystemelements
ofAS/NZSISO9001andincludesmaterialscertification,methodstatements,qualityrecords
includinginspectionandtestplans(ITPs),holdpoints,witnesspointsandworkinstructions.
QualitymanagementsystemsandqualityplansbytheContractorincludingallSubcontractors
shallbeusedasanaidtoachievingconformancewiththisStandard,buttheyshallnotrelieve
theContractoroftheresponsibilitytocomplywiththeContractrequirements.
AcopyofthequalityplanshallbesubmittedtoSAWatersRepresentativeforapprovalprior
tocommencementofworks.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page16of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

TheContractorshallprovideSAWatersRepresentativeatalltimeswithaccesstothe
Contractor'[Link]
alsoincludesthetakingofrandomsamplesforprooftestingortocarryoutortoarrangefor
destructiveornondestructivetesting.
AuditingandprooftestingbySAWatersRepresentativeshallinnowayrelievetheContractor
ofanyoftheobligationsunderthisstandard.

Concrete
Allconcreteshallconformtotheapprovednominatedconcretemixes.
Allconcreteshallbemanufactured,suppliedanddeliveredinaccordancewiththe
requirementsofAS1379andtheadditionalrequirementsofthisTechnicalStandard.
ConcreteisdesignatedasnormalclassorspecialclassasdescribedinClauses5.1and5.2
below.

5.1 NormalClassConcrete
NormalClassconcretecanbespecifiedfornoncriticalelementsinnonaggressiveexposure
conditions.SpecifiedconcreterequirementsarelimitedinAS1379andkeyitemsare:
1.

Strengthgradeof20,25,32,40,50MPa.

2.

Slumpof20to120,nominatedin10mmintervals.

3.

Maximumaggregatesizeof10,14,20mm.

4.

Aircontenttomaximum5%.

NormalClassconcreterequiresarangeofconcretepropertiestobeachievedinAS1379,
includingdryingshrinkageupto1,000microstrain(56dayvaluetoAS1012.13).
GuidanceonNormalClassconcreteisgiveninCIAZ7/04.

5.2 SpecialClassConcrete
Unlessotherwisespecifiedandapproved,allconcretesuppliedinaccordancewiththis
StandardshallbeSpecialClassconcreteasdefinedinAS1379.
ThisStandarddescribestheadditionalpropertiestobespecifiedandcriteriatobemetfor
SpecialClassconcretes.

5.3 LeanConcrete
Unlessspecifiedotherwiseintheprojectspecificationordesigndrawings,leanconcreteshall
conformtothisStandard.
Theleanconcreteshallhaveaminimumstrengthof10MPa.
Theminimumcementitiousmaterialcontentshallbe220kg/m,themaximumwaterto
cementitiousmaterialratioshallnotexceed0.90andthemaximumsizeofaggregateshallbe
20mm.
Theslumpoftheleanconcreteshallbe100mmincludinguseofanytypeofwaterreducing
admixturesthatshallhavethepriorapprovalofSAWatersRepresentative.
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page17of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

5.4 NoFinesConcrete
5.4.1

Scope

ThisClausedefinestherequirementsforthesupplyofallmaterialsandconstructionofno
finesconcreteinareasshownontheDrawings.
Nofinesconcreteshallconsistofcoarseaggregate,uniformlymixedwithPortlandcement,
andwater.

5.4.2

CoarseAggregate

Coarseaggregateshallconsistofunweathered,dense,sound,clean,hard,strong,durable
piecesofcrushedrockfreefromdeleteriouscoatingsanddustandshallcomplywithallthe
requirementsofAS2758.1.
Theaggregateshallbeanominal20mmsinglesizedaggregate.
TheflakinessindexoftheaggregatetestedinaccordancewithAS1141.15shallnot
exceed35%.

5.4.3

Cement

CementshallbePortlandCementTypeGPcomplyingwithAS3972andshallbeinaccordance
withClause6.1.1fortherequirementsthatapplyforTypeGP.

5.4.4

MixDesignRequirements

Thenofinesconcretemixdesignshallcomplywiththefollowingrequirements:
1.

Minimumcementcontent210kg/m.

2.

Maximumwater/binderratioof0.5.

Theproposedone(1)mnofinesconcretemixdesignandallcertificatesoftest(fromaNATA
accreditedauthority)toconfirmcompliancewiththeStandardrequirementsshallbe
submittedbytheContractortoSAWatersRepresentativeforreviewandapprovalatleast10
workingdayspriortouseintheWorks.
ThenofinesconcreteshallnotbeusedintheWorksuntilthemixdesignisapprovedbySA
WatersRepresentative.

5.4.5

SupplyandDelivery

Nofinesconcreteshallbemanufacturedanddeliveredinaccordancewiththerequirementsof
AS1379.

5.4.6

Placement,CompactionandFinish

ThenofinesconcreteshallnotbelessthanthedimensionsshownontheDrawings.
Theareainwhichnofinesconcreteisproposedtobeplacedshallbeinspectedandchecked
[Link]
mannerastorequireaminimumofrehandlingandshallbesodistributedwhencompacted
andfinishedasrequiredbytheDrawings.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page18of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

[Link]
shallbescreededtotherequiredsurfacelevelwithouttampingorvibrating.

5.4.7

Curing

Nofinesconcreteshallbecuredforatleastfourdaysbycoveringimmediatelyafterplacing
andfinishingwithpolythenesheetingorsimilarmaterialapprovedbySAWaters
[Link]
membranethatcannotcoverallthevoidedsurfacesshallnotbeusedforcuringpurposes.

5.5 OtherTypesofConcrete
RefertoClauses7,8,16,17,23,24,25and31.

ConstituentMaterialsofConcrete

6.1 CementitiousMaterials
CementitiousmaterialsorbinderhavethesamemeaninginthisStandard.

6.1.1

Cement

ThecementshallbeGeneralPurposecement(TypeGP),ShrinkageLimitedcement(TypeSL)or
Blendedcement(TypeGB),[Link]
providemanufacturerstestcertificatesshowingallcementhasbeensampledtestedand
[Link]
[Link].
Cementshallbefromonemanufacturerandofonebrand,typeandgrindunlessapproved
[Link],brand,typeand
grindconstitutesachangeinmaterialandsubmissionofanewtrialmixdesignisrequiredas
perClause8.3ofthisStandard.
BlendedcementTypeGBshallconsistofaspecifiedminimumquantityofPortlandcementin
combinationwithGroundGranulatedBlastFurnaceSlag,FlyAshand/orAmorphousSilicaand
[Link]
facilitiesorattheconcretebatchingplant.
Highearlystrengthcement(TypeHE)canbeusedonlywiththewrittenapprovalofSAWaters
RepresentativeandissubjecttomeetingallotherrequirementsofthisStandard.

6.1.2

FlyAsh

FlyashshallconformtoAS/NZS3582.1andthisStandard.
TheuseofGrade2flyashissubjecttomeetingallotherrequirementsofthisStandard.
[Link]
flyashsupplyanditsgradeintheProjectshallrequiresubmissionofanewtrialmixdesignas
perClause8.3ofthisStandard.

6.1.3

GroundGranulatedBlastFurnaceSlag

GroundgranulatedblastfurnaceslagshallconformtoAS3582.2andthisStandard.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page19of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

NOTE:HereafterinthisStandard,theapprovedgroundgranulatedblastfurnaceslagis
referredtoasslag.
[Link]
shallrequiresubmissionofanewtrialmixdesignasperClause8.3ofthisStandard.

6.1.4

AmorphousSilica

AmorphoussilicashallconformtoAS/NZS3582.3andthisStandard.
[Link]
supplyintheProjectshallrequiresubmissionofanewtrialmixdesignasperClause8.3ofthis
Standard.

6.2 Aggregates
6.2.1

General

AllaggregateshallcomplywithalloftherequirementsofAS2758.1andthisStandard.
Aggregatesshallconsistofhard,dense,durable,uncoatedrockparticlesandshallbefreefrom
organicmatterandinjuriousamountsofdust,claylumps,softorflakyparticles,shale,alkali,
loamorotherdeleterioussubstances.
Calcrete,scoria,nonquarryrock,Adelaidequartzite,volcanicbreccia,mudstone,sandstone,
shale,highlyweatheredoralteredrocks,argillaceousrocks,arenaceousrocks,lightweight
aggregates,aggregatecontaininganyphyllite,andanymaterialwithpotentialtocause
deleteriousalkalisilicate(ASR)oralkalicarbonate(ACR)reactionsshallnotbeusedas
aggregateorasasourcerockformanufacturedfineaggregate.
TheContractorshallnominatethesource,typeandgradingofthefineandcoarseaggregates
[Link]/orthe
gradingoftheaggregatesdeviatedmorethanthemaximumpermissibledeviationspecifiedin
AS2758.1constituteachangeinmaterialandsubmissionofanewtrialmixdesignisrequired
asperClause8.3ofthisStandard.
Theaggregatesshallconsistsubstantiallyofparticlesofsatisfactoryshape,definedashavinga
maximumdimensionnotgreaterthanthreetimestheminimumdimension.
Petrographictestingofaggregatesshallbeundertakentoprovideinformationonalkali
aggregatereactivity(AAR),ASRorACRrisk,byAS1141.65orotherSAWaterRepresentative
approvedtestmethod.
Fineandcoarseaggregatesshallbeseparatelytestedforpotentialalkaliaggregatereactivity
(AAR)usingtheAcceleratedMortarBarTest,[Link]
alternativetestmethodistheAcceleratedConcretePrismTest,AS1141.60.2orsimilar
[Link]
nonreactivewhentestedusingthesamecementtypeasnominatedfortheWorks.
RecentlycompletedlaboratorytestdatamaybeacceptedatthediscretionoftheSAWater
Representative.
TheriskforAARinconcreteisoutlinedinSAHB79andguidanceisgivenonuseofflyash,slag
andsilicafumeasamitigationmeasureforaggregatesthatwouldbereactivewhenusingonly
[Link],slagandsilicafumeinthismannerissubjecttotheapproval
ofSAWaterRepresentative.ThisapproachisinaccordancewithSAHB79.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page20of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

6.2.2

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

FineAggregate

ThesizegradingoffineaggregatewhentestedaccordingtoAS1141.11.1,shallcomplywith
thelimitsspecifiedinTableB2ofAS2758.1.
Whenmorethanonetypeoffineaggregateisproposedforuseinthemix,theindividual
aggregategradingshallconformtothelimitsspecifiedinTableB2ofAS2758.1.
WhereanominatedgradingoutsidethespecifiedlimitsinTableB2ofAS2758.1isproposed,
additionalinformationshallbeprovidedtoSAWaterRepresentativedemonstratingthatthe
concreteproducedshallmeetallotherrequirementsofthisStandard,togetherwithadditional
evidenceofacceptableperformanceforsegregation,bleeding,plasticshrinkageandfinishing
properties.
Themaximumamountofwaterabsorptionforfineaggregateshallnotexceed2.5%when
testedaccordingtoAS1141.5.
Manufacturedfineaggregatefromasourcethatcomplieswithalloftherequirementsofthis
Standardwillbepermitted,providedthatthefollowingrequirementsineitheritems(a)and
(b),oritems(b)and(c)aremet.
a.

TheexposureclassificationoftheconcreteinaccordancewithAS3600isB1or
less;

b.

Therequireddesignlifeoftheconcreteisnotexceeding50years;

c.

Theconcreteisusedasasacrificiallayerwherethefaceoftheconcretestructure
isexposedtoaggressivesewerenvironment.

Otherwise,amaximumof25%ofmanufacturedfineaggregatefromasourcethatcomplies
[Link]
giventoapprovetheuseofuptoamaximumof50%ofmanufacturedfineaggregatebySA
WaterRepresentativeifobjectivedocumentedevidenceisprovidedthatconcretemadewith
suchhigheramountofmanufacturedfineaggregatecomplieswithallotherrequirementsof
thisStandardbothinthefreshandhardenedstates,includingevidenceofacceptable
performanceregardingtendencyforsegregation,bleeding,plasticshrinkage,satisfactory
compaction,finishingandabrasionresistanceproperties.
Manufacturedfineaggregateshallbecrushedfromrockfromwhichcoarseaggregateis
produced,[Link]
manufacturedfineaggregatestockpilesarenotcontaminatedwithweatheredorhighly
[Link]
singlemanufacturedfineaggregatestockpileshallnotbepermittedunlessitcanbe
demonstratedthatsuchaprocessisunderblendcontrolandproducesaconsistentproduct.
Formanufacturedfineaggregate,thedeleteriousfinesindex(DFI)shallnotexceed100when
testedinaccordancewithAS1141.66.
Fineaggregatesshallbetestedatafrequencywhichissufficienttoensurethatconcretecomplies
withthespecifiedrequirements.ThefrequencyshallnotbelessthanthatshowninTable1below.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page21of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Table1MinimumFrequencyofTestingforFineAggregates
TypeofTest

TestMethod

MinimumFrequencyofTesting1

ParticleSize

AS1141.11.1

1.

Atthestartoftheproject;and

2.

1per500tonnesofaggregate
productionorpartthereof.

WaterAbsorption

AS1141.5

Halfyearlyinterval

Materialfinerthan0.002
mm

AS1141.13

LightParticles

AS1141.31

Monthlyinterval

Sodiumsulfatesoundness

AS1141.24

Halfyearlyinterval

Organicimpuritiesother
thansugar

AS1141.34

Monthlyinterval

Sugar

AS1141.35

Monthlyinterval

1.

Atthestartoftheproject;and

2.

1per500tonnesofaggregate
productionorpartthereof.

SulfateContent

AS1012.20.1

Atthestartoftheproject

ChlorideContent

AS1012.20.1

Atthestartoftheproject

AlkaliAggregateReactivity

AS1141.60.1

Yearlyinterval

PetrographicExamination

AS1141.65

Yearlyinterval

Degradationfactor
2

Deleteriousfinesindex

AS1141.25.3

Quarterlyinterval

AS1141.66

Quarterlyinterval

NotestoTable1:
1

Anychangeinproductionparametersorchangeinquarryfaceshallinitiatethe
commencementofanewtestcycle.

Applicableformanufacturedfineaggregatesonly.

6.2.3

CoarseAggregates

ThesizegradingofcoarseaggregatewhentestedaccordingtoAS1141.11.1,shallcomplywith
thelimitsspecifiedinTableB1ofAS2758.1.
Themaximumamountofwaterabsorptionforcoarseaggregatesshallnotexceed2.0%when
testedaccordingtoAS1141.6.1orAS1141.6.2.
InadditiontotherequirementsspecifiedinAS2758.1,theproportionofmisshapenparticles
inthecoarseaggregateretainedonthe9.50mmtestsieveshallnotexceed25%when
determinedinaccordancewithAS1141.14usinga2:1ratio.
Forwearingsurfacesofallexposureclassifications,surfacessubjecttohydraulicabrasionfrom
liquidvelocitiesgreaterthan4m/sorconcreteswiththerequireddesignlifeinexcessof50
years,thedurabilityoftheaggregateshallconformtotherequirementsforexposure
classificationCspecifiedinAS2758.1.
Coarseaggregatesshallbetestedatafrequencywhichissufficienttoensurethatconcrete
[Link]
Table2below.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page22of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Table2MinimumFrequencyofTestingforCoarseAggregates
TypeofTest

TestMethod

MinimumFrequencyofTesting1

ParticleSize

AS1141.11.1

1.

Atthestartoftheproject;and

2.

1per1500tonnesofaggregate
productionorpartthereof.

WaterAbsorption

AS1141.6.1or
AS1141.6.2

Halfyearlyinterval

Materialfinerthan2
microns

AS1141.13

1.

Atthestartoftheproject;and

2.

1per1500tonnesofaggregate
productionorpartthereof.

ParticleShape

AS1141.14

Halfyearlyinterval

FlakinessIndex

AS1141.15

Halfyearlyinterval

LosAngelesvalue

AS1141.23

Halfyearlyinterval

Sodiumsulfatesoundness

AS1141.24

Halfyearlyinterval

Wetstrengthandwet/dry
strengthvariation

AS1141.22

Halfyearlyinterval

Sugar

AS1141.35

Monthlyinterval

SulfateContent

AS1012.20.1

Atthestartoftheproject

ChlorideContent

AS1012.20.1

Atthestartoftheproject

AlkaliAggregateReactivity

AS1141.60.1

Yearlyinterval

PetrographicExamination

AS1141.65

Yearlyinterval

Table2Notes:
1

Anychangeinproductionparametersorchangeinquarryfaceshallinitiatethe
commencementofanewtestcycle.

6.2.4

AdditionalRequirementsforCalcareousAggregates

Bothfineandcoarsecalcareousaggregatesincludingbutnotlimitedtolimestone,marbleand
dolomitemaybeusedinacidicconditionwherethepHislessthan4.0ifanapprovedcoating
[Link],thecalcareous
aggregatesshallnotbeused,unlessallofthefollowingcriteriaaremet:
1.

Boththefineandcoarsecalcareousaggregateshaveaminimumacidsolubilityof94%
whentestedinaccordancewithAWWAB100;and

2.

Thecalcareousaggregateisusedasasacrificialaggregateandtheconcretecoveris
[Link]
additionalcoverissacrificialandnotconsideredtomakeanycontributiontothe
strengthofthemember.

Wherethecalcareousaggregatesareusedassacrificialaggregateandthesurfacesarenot
subjecttohydraulicabrasionfromacidicliquidwithflowgreaterthan2m/s,themaximumLos
AngelesIndexvalueoftheaggregatemayberelaxedbutshallnotexceed55%loss.

6.3 MixingWater
Mixingwatershallconsistof:
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page23of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

1.

Batchwater(waterweighedormeteredthroughthebatchingplant);

2.

Ice;

3.

Wateraddedbytruckoperator;

4.

Washwaterretainedinthedrumforuseinthenextbatchofconcrete;

5.

Waterintheadmixturesused;and

6.

Freemoistureontheaggregates.

ThequalityofthemixingwatershallcomplywiththerequirementsofthisStandardandAS
1379andshallhavetotalsolidsnotexceeding50,000ppmwhentestedaccordingtoASTM
C1603.
Allnonpotablewatershallbesampledandtestedasaminimumatsixmonthlyintervalsto
demonstratethecompliancewiththerequirementsofthisStandardandAS1379.

6.4 Admixtures
AdmixturesshallconformtotherequirementsofAS1478.1andshallbeusedinaccordance
withAS1379,themanufacturersrecommendationandthisStandard.
TheContractormayelecttouseairentrainingadmixturesfortheconcretewithexposure
[Link]
classificationsandforfreezethawresistanceshallbesubjecttoapprovalbySAWater
Representative.
SetacceleratingandhydrationcontroladmixturesshallnotbeusedunlessapprovedbySA
WaterRepresentative.
Admixturesshallhavenoharmfuleffectwhatsoeveruponthequalityoftheconcreteorupon
anyreinforcementorprestressingsystemorotherfixturesembeddedtherein.
Wheretwoormoreadmixturesareproposedforincorporationintoaconcretemix,their
compatibilityshallbecertifiedinwritingbythemanufacturer(s).
WhereadmixturesareproposedthefollowinginformationshallbeprovidedtoSAWater
Representative:
1.

Name,type,manufacturersdetailanddosagerate;

2.

Purpose/reasonforinclusion;

3.

Methodofuse,includingstorageandmethodforcontrollingandmeasuringdosage;and

4.

Conformingtestresultsfromthemanufacturer.

TheContractorsPremixSuppliermayneedtouseawaterreducingsetretardingadmixtureto
achievethespecifiedwater/[Link]
reducingadmixtureisused,thePremixSuppliershallshowbyteststhattheuseofthe
admixture,incombinationwiththeothermaterialstobeusedintheWorks,producesthe
desiredeffectwithoutaffectingtheotherqualitiesrequiredfortheconcrete,andwithout
endangeringthereinforcement.
Thewaterreducingsetretarding(WRRe)admixtureshallcomplywiththerequirementsfora
TypeWRReadmixturespecifiedinSection2,[Link]
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page24of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

sectionoftheworksshallbeasapprovedbySAWatersRepresentativewiththemixdesignat
Clause8.4.
Forhighslumpconcreteindeeppourwalls,theContractormayneedtouseamidrange
(MWR)orhighrange(HWR)admixturetoincreaseworkability,plusacompatiblewater
reducingsetretardingadmixture,complyingwiththerequirementsspecifiedinSection2,AS
[Link]
designatClause8.4.
Thetotalalkalicontributionlevels(measuredasNa2Oequivalent)ofalladmixturesusedina
mixshouldnotexceed0.20kg/m.TotalNa2Oequivalentfromadmixturesmayexceed0.20
kg/msubjecttotheoveralllimitof2.8kg/mNa2Oequivalentforconcreteisnotexceeded.
Theconcreteforthefloorslabofwatertanksonlythataretypically150mmthickandupto
200mmthickmaycontainanapprovedshrinkagereducingadmixturetoSAWaters
Representativeapproval,[Link]
reducingadmixturemayreducethecompressivestrengthcomparedtoareferenceconcrete
withouttheadmixtureandtheContractorsPremixSuppliermayneedtomakeadjustmentsto
thewater/[Link]
admixturemanufacturersrecommendationsandapprovalofmixdesignatClause8.4.
Useofintegralwaterproofingadmixturesintheconcreteshallonlybeusedwiththeprior
writtenapprovalofSAWatersRepresentativetoincreasewatertightintegrity([Link]
jointsinprecastwallsofwatertanks)andtoincreaseresistancetoacidicoracidsulfatesoilsin
theabsenceofamembrane.

6.5 OtherAdditives
MaterialsotherthanthosedetailedinClauses6.1to6.4areconsideredasadditives.
RefertoClause31.1fortheuseofsteelfibresthatcomplywithBSEN148891CEMarking
System1andareusedforstructuralpurposes.
RefertoClause31.2fortheuseofpolymerfibresEN148892ClassIIthatcomplywithCE
MarkingSystem1andareusedforstructuralpurposes.
Allothertypesofsteelfibresandpolymerfibresshallbeclassifiedasadditives.
TheuseofadditivesshallbeusedinaccordancewithAS1379,themanufacturers
recommendationandthisStandard.
Theadditivesshallhavenoharmfuleffectwhatsoeverupontheconstituentmaterialsusedin
theconcrete,thequalityoftheconcreteoruponanyreinforcementorprestressingsystemor
otherfixtureembeddedtherein.
Whereadditivesareproposedforincorporationintoaconcretemix,theircompatibilitywith
theconcreteadmixturesshallbecertifiedinwritingbythemanufacturer(s).Wheretwoor
moreadditivesareproposedforincorporationintoaconcretemix,theircompatibilityshall
alsobecertifiedinwritingbythemanufacturer(s).
WhereadditivesareproposedthefollowinginformationshallbeprovidedtoSAWater
Representative:
1.

Name,type,manufacturersdetailanddosagerate;

2.

Purpose/reasonforinclusion;

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page25of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

3.

Methodofuse,includingstorageandmethodforcontrollingandmeasuringdosage;and

4.

Conformingtestresultsfromthemanufacturer.

6.6 SolubleSalts
Sulfateandchlorideioncontentsfortheconcretemixshallbereportedfortheproposedmix
[Link]
shallalsobedeterminedbytestingofhardenedconcreteinaccordancewithAS1012.20.1.
ThesulfatecontentofconcreteexpressedasthepercentagebymassofacidsolubleSO3tothe
totalcementitiousmaterialshallnotbegreaterthan5%generallyand4%forsteamandheat
acceleratedcuredconcrete.
Themassofacidsolublechlorideionperunitvolumeofconcreteshallnotexceedthevalues
giveninTable3.
Table3MaximumAcidSolubleChlorideIonContentinConcrete
Exposure
classification

Maximumacid
solublechloride
ioncontent
(kg/m3)

0.8

B1

0.6

B2

0.4

C1

0.3

C2

0.3

D&U

Todurability
assessment

6.7 StorageofMaterials
6.7.1

StorageofCementitiousMaterials

Allcementitiousmaterialsincludingcement,flyash,slagand/oramorphoussilicainsolidform
shallbedeliveredandstoredinaccordancewiththerequirementsofAS3972,AS1379and
[Link]
transportationunitsandstoragesincludingsilos,binsorshedsshallbearaclearindicationof
[Link]
sametransportationunitsandstorages.
Inaddition,cementitiousmaterialinbagsshallbestoredabovegroundlevelinasuitable
weatherproofstructureofwhichtheinteriorshallbedry,protectedfromdampnessandwell
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
bagsshallberejected.
Cementitiousmaterialshallbesuppliedinthemanufacturerssealedunbrokenbagsorinbulk
[Link]
material,whichhasdeteriorated,becomehardenedorlumpyornotconformingtothis
Standardinanyway,shallberejected.
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page26of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

6.7.2

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

StorageofAggregates

AllaggregatesshallbedeliveredandstoredinaccordancewiththerequirementsofAS1379
andthisStandard.
Eachtypeornominalsizeofcoarseaggregateandfineaggregateshallbekeptseparatedand
suitableprecautionsshallbetakentopreventtheaggregatesfrombeingcontaminatedbythe
[Link]
storedinsuchamannerthattheywillprevententryofsurfaceorgroundwater,allowfree
drainageofrainwaterandwillnotsegregate.
Thestorageofaggregatesshallbearrangedsothatdryingoutandheatinginhotweatherare
preventedinordertoavoidfluctuationsinwatercontentandreducetemperatures.

6.7.3

MoistureContentofAggregates

Themoisturecontentofthefineandcoarseaggregatesshallbedeterminedpriortoconcrete
productionforthedayandwheneverconditionschangeorfreshaggregatesaredelivered.
Themoisturecontentofthefineandcoarseaggregatesshallbedeterminedtoconstantmass
inaccordancewithAS1289.2.1.1,AS1289.2.1.2,AS1289.2.1.4,AS1289.2.1.5orAS
[Link]
calibrated,asaminimum,onamonthlybasis.
Correspondingcorrectionsshallbemadetothemassofallaggregatesandthevolumeof
waterusedinthemixsothatthenominatedwatertocementitiousmaterialratioisachieved.

DesignofConcreteMixes

7.1 RequirementsforFreshConcrete
7.1.1

Consistency

Theconsistencyandworkabilityofconcreteshallbesuchthatitcanbehandledand
transportedwithoutsegregationandcanbeplacedusingthesitefacilities,workedand
compactedintoallcorners,anglesandnarrowsectionsofforms,andaroundall
reinforcement.
Theconsistencyofeachbatchofconcreteshallbecheckedbymeansoftheslumptest.
SamplingandtestingshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewithAS1012.1andAS1012.3.1,
respectively.
Whereaslumpinexcessof180mmisproposed,theContractorshalldemonstratebywayof
trialpourinaccordancewithClause8.3thattheconcretecanbeplaced,compactedand
finishedwithoutdeleteriouseffects.
SlumpflowshallbespecifiedandtestedinaccordancewithAS1012.3.5whenaslumpgreater
than200mmisrequired.
TolerancesonslumpvaluesshallbeinaccordancewithAS1379andforslumpflowin
accordancewiththespecifiedvaluesforconsistencygreaterthan200mmslumptaking
accountofAS1012.3.5.
Aspecifiedslumpof150mmorgreater(e.g.18040mm)maybeconsideredforwall
constructiontoassistcompactiondependingonwallheight,thickness,slumpretention(i.e.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page27of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

higherslumpwillretainworkabilitylonger,particularlyinhotweatherconcreting)and
formworkdesigntowithstandthefreshconcrete.
Concreteplacedunderwatershallcontainanapprovedantiwashoutadmixture.

7.1.2

SlumpwithMidRangeandHighRangeWaterReducingAdmixture

Aconcretemixdesignwithamidrange(MWR)orhighrange(HWR)admixtureshallhavea
trialmix(referClause8.3)completedbeforeWorksusetodeterminetheconcreteproperties
includingtotalwatercontentandreversiontime.
Aconcretemixdesignwithamidrange(MWR)orhighrange(HWR)admixtureaddedafterall
otherconcretematerialshavebeenmixedshallhavetrialmixslumptestscompletedbefore
andaftertheadditionoftheadmixture.
TolerancesonslumpvaluesshallbeinaccordancewithClause7.1.1.

7.1.3

DryingShrinkage

Dryingshrinkageshallbelimitedtoreducedryingshrinkagecracking.
Dryingshrinkageshallbemeasuredfortheconcretemixdesignandacceptance(referClause
8)inaccordancewithAS1012.13to56daysbasedontheaverageofthreeconcretedrying
shrinkageprismsandshallnotexceedthevaluesgiveninTable4.
Table4MaximumShrinkageStrainofConcreteSpecimens

Exposure
classification

Maximumdrying
shrinkage()
at56daysof
drying

750

B1

700

B2

650

C1

650

C2

650

D&U

Todurability
assessment

Ashrinkagereducingadmixtureshallbeusedinfloorslabsofwatertanksinaccordancewith
Clause6.4tominimisedryingshrinkage.

7.1.4

Bleed

Bleedshallbelimitedinordertocontrolplasticsettlementortheformationofbleedchannels
[Link]
[Link]:
1.

3%forslabs;

2.

2%forwalls;

3.

1%forpilesanddiaphragmwalls;

4.

2%forotherelements.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page28of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Concretebleedhasanimpactonplasticcrackingincombinationwiththeevaporationrate
(referClause10.1.4.4).

7.1.5

AirContent

AircontentofconcreteshallbemeasuredusingoneofthemethodsprovidedintheAS
1012.4.1orAS1012.4.2.
Theaircontentofconcreteshallnotexceed:
1.

3%forhigherdurabilityconcrete([Link]
retaining/excluding,wastewater,dams,desalination,belowgroundliquidexcluding,
etc.)notsubjecttofreezing;

2.

Aspecificaircontentwherefreezethawresistanceisrequiredinaccordancewith
AS3600Section4.7byuseofairentrainmentadmixture(referClause6.4);

3.

4%forallothercontent.

7.2 RequirementsforHardenedConcrete
7.2.1

DesignRequirements

TheContractorshallberesponsibleforalldesignrequirementsforDesignandConstruct
Contracts.
NOTE:TheContractorshalldiscusswithSAWaterRepresentativepriortoundertakingany
designthatdepartsfromthisStandardincludingallreferencesinClause1.3.

7.2.2

TypicalConcreteCharacteristicsandDurabilityRequirementsfor
ConcretebasedonExposureClassifications

TheconcreteusedshallhavethetypicalcharacteristicsgiveninTable5subjecttoproject
specificstructuralanddurabilityrequirementsandtotheapprovalofSAWater
Representative.
Thedurabilityrequirementsforconcreteelementsbasedonexposureconditionsarerelated
tothedesignlife(referClause3)fortheWorksaslistedbelow:
1.

2.

50yearsinaccordancewithAS3600andAS3735:
a.

Therequirementsareforplain,reinforcedandprestressedconcretestructuresand
membersfor50years+/20%aregiveninAS3600Section4.1;

b.

AS3735durabilityreferstoAS3600sothesamerequirementsapply;

c.

AS3600requirementscanapplywithoutadditionaldurabilityreviewforAS3600
exposurecategoriesA1andA2;

50yearsinaccordancewithAS3600/AS3735plusadditionaldurabilityreview;
a.

AS3600Section4.1Notesgivenbelowthatcanjustifydurabilityreviewbythe
DesignerusingaDurabilityConsultantasrequired;
Morestringentrequirementswouldbeappropriateforstructureswithadesign

lifeinexcessof50years([Link]),whilesomerelaxationof
therequirementsmaybeacceptableforstructureswithadesignlifelessthan
50years(e.g.,temporarystructures).

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page29of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Durabilityisacomplextopicandcompliancewiththeserequirementsmaynot

besufficienttoensureadurablestructure."
b.

3.

4.

AS3600/AS3735requirementsneedadditionaldurabilityreviewforallAS3600
[Link]
forexposurecategoryB1tomoredetailedforexposurecategoriesB2,C1,C2and
U;

100yearsinaccordancewithAS5100.5;
a.

ForstructuresdesignedtoAS3600andAS3735withadesignlifeof100yearsuse
AS5100.5durabilitysincerequirementsareforplain,reinforcedandprestressed
[Link]
accordancewithAS3735for100yearsdesignlife,increasethecoverofAS3735by
10mmforClassB1/B2andby15mmforClassC;

b.

AS5100.5requirementscanapplywithoutadditionaldurabilityreviewforAS
[Link]
reviewisrequiredforallotherexposurecategories;

100yearsinaccordancewithAS5100.5plusadditionaldurabilityreview;
a.

AS5100.5Section4.1Notesgivenbelowthatcanjustifydurabilityreviewbythe
DesignerusingaDurabilityConsultantasrequired;
Somerelaxationoftherequirementsmaybeacceptablefortemporary

structures.
Durabilityisacomplextopicandcompliancewiththeserequirementsmaynot

besufficienttoensureadurablestructure.AS5100.5Supp1(Commentaryto
thisStandard)containsbackgroundtoandguidanceontheprovisionsofthis
Clause."
b.

AS5100.5requirementsneedadditionaldurabilityreviewforallAS5100.5
[Link]
willvaryfromminorforexposurecategoryB2tomoredetailedforexposure
categoriesCandU.

5.

Durabilityreviewisrequiredforspecificexposurecategoriesofliquidretainingand
excludingstructuresinAS3735;

6.

AS2159providesexposureconditionsbelowgroundlevelfor50and100yearsdesign
life;

7.

Greaterthan50yearsandlessthan100yearsshallusetheaboverequirementsfor100
yearstogetherwithdurabilityreviewtodetermineifanyrelaxationoftherequirements
canapply;

8.

Greaterthan100yearsinaccordancewithAS5100.5plusadditionaldurabilityreviewby
aDurabilityConsultant;

9.

AConcreteDurabilityPlanspecifictotheWorksthatwillachievetheintentofthis
ClauseshallbesubmittedfortheapprovalofSAWaterRepresentativepriorto
proceedingwiththework.

10.

AlldurabilityreviewinputgivenaboveshallbeinaccordancewithCIAZ7/01.

NOTE:ExposurecategoriesaregiveninAS3600,AS4997,[Link]
exposurecategoriesarelimitedandguidanceonabroaderrangeofexposurecategoriesarein
internationalStandardssuchasISO229651andEN2061.
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page30of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

ItisintendedthatthisClauseofthisStandardwillbereviseduponthereleaseofthefollowing
documents:
1.

NewAustralianStandardforBridgeDesignPart5:Concrete(currentlyindraftDRAS
5100.5);

2.

CIAZ7/02DurabilityExposureClasses(draftinprogress)andCIAZ7/03Durability
DeemedtoComplyRequirements(draftinprogress).

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page31of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TechnicalStandardConcrete

SAWater

Table5TypicalConcreteCharacteristics

Exposure
classification

Minimum

Cementitiousmaterial
content(1)

fc(MPa)

(kg/m3)

at28days
Minimum

Maximum

Maximum(2)
waterto
cementitious
materialratio

Maximum
Apparent
volumeof
permeable
voids(3)

Chlorideionpenetrationinmarine
andsalineexposure
Maximumchloridetestcoefficients
at20oC

Supplementarycementitiousmaterial(5)

Flyash(%bymass)

GGBFS(%bymass)

(x1012m2/sec)(4)
NTBuild443
(De)

NTBuild492
(DRMC)

Minimum

Maximum

Minimum

Maximum

25

280

320

0.56

30

40

B1

32

320

400

0.50

14%at28
days

30

40

B2

40

360

450

0.45

13%at28
days

3.5

8.0

20

50

40

70

C1

50

420

500

0.40

12%at56
days

2.0

4.0

25

50

50

70

C2

50

450

500

0.36

12%at56
days

2.0

4.0

30

50

60

70

D&U

TotheassessmentofaDurabilityConsultantandSAWaterRepresentativeapproval

Table5Notes:
Note1:Cementcontentmaximumandminimumvaluesaresubjecttovariationsinsourceofcementitiousmaterials,binderproportions,qualityofbinder
materials,[Link].
Inaddition,thecementcontentwillvarywithseasonaltemperaturevariations.
Note2:Thewater/cementratiomustnotbelessthan0.32forcastinplaceconcreteand0.28forprecastconcrete,toensurecementhydration.
Note3:%ApparentvolumeofpermeablevoidsasdeterminedbytestmethodAS1012.21withspecimenpreparedinaccordancewithAS1012.8.1.
Note4:FortheMaximumchloridetestcoefficients,thefollowingtermsapply:
DedenoteseffectivediffusioncoefficientfromNordtestNTBuild443.
DRMCdenotesrapidmigrationcoefficientfromNordtestNTBuild492.
Version1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page32of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TechnicalStandardConcrete

SAWater

ContinuouslystandardmoistcureafterdemouldingspecimensfortheNordtestNTBuild443andNTBuild492testsandtestatanageof56and
28daysrespectively.
ThespecifiedcoefficientsarebasedontheminimumconcretecoversspecifiedinAS5100.5:2004Table4.10.3(A).
ThePrincipalmaymodifythespecifiedcoefficientsiftheconcretecoverisincreased.
[Link]:(Deor
DRMC)req=4.15e0.0703T1whereT1isthespecifiedtemperature.
Note5:
Minimumandmaximumfiguresdonotapplytoatripleblendmix;
GGBFSshouldbeusedformemberssubjecttoacidicenvironment;
Thecontractorshalladdressthepotentialoflowerearlystrengthdevelopment,curingandstrippingtimesandconcretestrengthrequirementsfor
earlylifting;
AmorphoussilicaorsilicafumeshallnotbeusedunlessotherwiseapprovedbySAWaterRepresentative;and
ForexposureclassificationsAandB1,concretemadewithblendedcementmustcontainaminimumof240kg/m3ofGeneralPurposeorShrinkage
Limitedcementtolimitcarbonation.
Note6:Forsewageandwastewaterstructuresofitem2exposuresinTable4.1ofAS3735,installapprovedphysicalbarrier(protectivecoatingsorliner)to
[Link](includingcoverslabsoffit)and
[Link],subjecttothe
approvalofSAWaterRepresentative,[Link]
minimumdesignlifeforthisalternativeapproachshallnotbelessthan25years.
Note7:Concretecharacteristicsfordams,desalinationplants,[Link]&UexposuresshallbeprojectspecifictotheassessmentofaDurability
ConsultantandapprovalofSAWaterRepresentative.
Note8:[Link]
SAWaterRepresentativereviewandwrittenapproval.
Note9:UnlessotherwisespecifiedontheDrawings,orapprovedbySAWaterRepresentative,theconcreteslumpofthenominatedmixshallnotexceed
180mm.Whereanominatedslumpinexcessof180mmisproposed,demonstratethattheconcretemaybeplaced,compactedandfinished
withoutdeleteriouseffects.
Note10:ForconsistencyofconcretemixreferClause7.1.1and7.1.2.
Version1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page33of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TechnicalStandardConcrete

SAWater

Note11:DryingShrinkageshallnotexceedClause7.1.3requirements.
Note12: ConcretebleedshallnottoexceedClause7.1.4requirement.
Note13:AircontentoftheconcreteshallnotexceedClause7.1.5requirement.
Note14:MaximumcrackwidthshallnotexceedClause7.2.4requirement.

NOTE:SAWaterencouragesandpromotesresearch,[Link]
[Link]/ortechnology.

Version1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page34of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

7.2.3

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

CoverToleranceRequirements

ThetoleranceonconcretecovershallbeinaccordancewithAS3600for50yearsdesignlifeand
AS5100.5forgreaterthan50yearsupto100yearsdesignlifeunlessSAWatersRepresentative
[Link]
designedtoAS3735shallhavetoleranceonconcretecoverof0mm,+10mm.
Table6ToleranceonLocationsofReinforcement

7.2.4

Element

ToleranceonMinimumCover(mm)

Beams,columns,wallsandsuspendedslabs

0,+15

Slabsongrade

0,+30

Footingscastagainstground

0,+50

MaximumCrackWidthRequirement

UnlessotherwisedesignatedintheContract,concreteshallhavenocracksatanystageafter
constructionmeasuredattheconcretesurfaceofwidthgreaterthanthevalueslistedinTable7.
Table7MaximumAcceptableCrackWidth
Exposure
classification

Maximum
acceptablecrack
width(mm)

0.3

B1

0.2

B2

0.15

C1

0.1

C2

0.1

D&U

Todurability
assessment

Note:GuidanceonthedurabilityofconcretewithcrackwidthsisgiveninCIRIAC660andwillbe
availableinthefuturefromCIARecommendedPracticeZ7/[Link]
[Link]
[Link],D.,[Link]
[Link]
Australia,Sydney,May.
ConcreteearlyagethermalcrackriskassessmentisrequiredatClause32.
AS3735Suppl2001providesmeancrackwidthsfordesignofconcretestructuresretainingliquids
forconditionsofearlyagethermal,shrinkageandrestraintpluslimitingsteelstressforserviceability.
Inaddition,whereaconcreteelementisrequiredtobeliquidretainingorexcluding,concreteshall
havenocracksatanystageafterconstructionmeasuredattheconcretesurfaceofwidthgreater
than0.2mm.Allcracksofsurfacewidthgreaterthan0.1mmandcrackswithanyvisiblewater
leakageinconcreteelementstobeliquidretainingorexcludingshallberecordedbytheContractor
inaccordancewithClause18forassessmentandrepairtoSAWatersRepresentativerequirements.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page35of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Note:Theliquidretainingorexcludingrequirementsforconcretestructurescanalsoapplywherea
[Link],thesuspendedroofslabofawatertankorthe
[Link],belowground
concretestructuresmayberequiredtobewatertight.
[Link]
cracksshallbeinspectedandassessmentincludingtheneedforrepairinaccordancewithClause18
andanyrepairsrequiredshallbeinaccordancewithClause21.

7.2.5

RequirementsforConcreteandConcreteStructuresinContactwith
PotableWater

ThisclauseappliestoallconcretethatisincontactwithPotableWater([Link]
tanks,etc.).
Alladditives,admixtures,releaseagents,sealcoats,paints/linings,repairmaterialsandcuring
compoundsthatwillremainonthesurfaceofconcretethatwillbeincontactwithpotablewater
(including,butnotlimitedtoproduction,treatment,storageanddistribution)shallcomplywith
AS/NZS4020.
TheContractorshallprovideevidenceintheformofcertificationbyaNATAaccreditedlaboratoryto
SAWatersRepresentative.
Variationstothesourceoftheconstituentmaterialsofconcreteand/orthemixdesignconstitutea
changeinmaterialandsubmissionofanewcertificationisrequired.
Inthecircumstancewherethecostoftestingorthetimeavailabletogettestingcompletedisnot
feasible,theContractorshallapplyaAS/NZS4020certifiedcoatingorlineronthesurfaceofthe
concretethatcomesincontactwithpotablewater.

DesignandAcceptanceofConcreteMix

8.1 General
TheContractorshallberesponsibleforthedesignandproductionofallconcretesothatthespecified
durability,[Link]
concreteusedshallbeinaccordancewithAS1379andthisStandardandcanbereadymixedor
batchedonsite.
Note:Theuseofreadymixedconcreteorprecastconcreteshallinnowaylessenorremovethis
responsibility.
SprayedconcreteorshotcreteshallonlybeusedifapprovedbySAWaterRepresentative.
Undernocircumstancesshallhandmixedconcretebepermitted.

8.2 ProposedMixDesign
TheContractorshallsubmitdetailsofthemixdesignforeachspecifiedclassofconcretetoSAWater
[Link]
constituentmaterialsthathavebeenshownbytestingtomeettherequirementsofClause6ofthis
Standard.
Theproposedmixdesignsubmissionshallincludethefollowinginformation:
1.

Cementitiousmaterial,includingbutnotlimitedto:

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page36of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

a.

Brandandtype;and

b.

Currenttestresultsforallcementitiousmaterialsdemonstratingconformancewith
Clause6.1;

Aggregates,includingbutnotlimitedto:
a.

Materialsourceandgeology;

b.

Nominatedcombinedaggregategrading;and

c.

CurrenttestresultsforallaggregatesdemonstratingconformancewithClause6.2;

Admixturesandadditives,includingbutnotlimitedto:
a.

Manufacturerstechnicaldatasheet;

b.

Manufacturersmaterialsafetydatasheet;and

c.

Manufacturerscertificationofcompatibility;

Premixsupplierproposedmixdesigndetails,includingbutnotlimitedto:
a.

Mixcode;

b.

Quantityofeachconstituentmaterial,includingalladmixturesandadditives,basedon
1mandaggregatesatsaturatedsurfacedry(SSD);

c.

Methodofcontrollingalkaliaggregate

d.

Targetwatertocementitiousbinderratio;

e.

Slumpatpointofdischarge;and

f.

Forconcretecontaininghighrangewaterreducers:finalslumpandreversiontime.

Batching,mixingandtransport,includingbutnotlimitedto:
a.

Methods;

b.

Levelofcontrolandaccuracyofbatching;

c.

Levelofcontrolandaccuracyofdeterminationoftheaggregatemoisturecontent;

d.

Minimummixingtime;and

e.

Maximumperiodforcompletionofdischarge;and

f.

ComplianceofbatchplantequipmentandtransitmixerswithAS1379;

Placementofconcrete,includingbutnotlimitedto:
a.

Methodsfortransfer,placementandcompactiononsitenotingspecifiedslumpandpour
geometries;

b.

Concretedeliveryrateandnumberofvibratorsonsite;

c.

Sequenceofcasting;

d.

Maximumdropheighttoavoidsegregation;

e.

Anynonstandardsitetestingrequirementssuchasslumpflowforconcretesgreaterthan
200mmslump;and

f.

Particularrequirementsforsprayedorotherspecialpurposeconcrete;

HardenedconcretepropertiesasperClause8.3.2andforconcretecharacteristicsinTable5,
includingbutnotlimitedto:
a.

Targetmeancompressivestrength;

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page37of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

b.

Targetmeandryingshrinkage;and

c.

Targetandlimitingvaluesforanyotherspecifiedproperties,includingbutnotlimitedto:
Flexuralstrength,Sulfateandchlorideioncontents,apparentvolumeofpermeablevoids,
chloridediffusioncoefficient,andchloridemigrationcoefficient.

TheContractormaysubmitforconsiderationtheresultsoftestscompletedwithintheprevious
[Link]
SAWaterRepresentativewillinstructwhetheratrialmixshallbeundertakenasperClause8.3.
TheContractorshallsubmittheproposedconcretecuringmethodinaccordancewithClause13.1at
thesametimeofsubmittingtheconcretemixdesign.

8.3 TrialMix
8.3.1

General

TheContractorshallmaketrialmixesforallclassesofconcretehavingacharacteristicstrength
greaterthan20MPaunlessdirectedotherwisebySAWaterRepresentative.
TheContractormaysubmitforSAWaterRepresentativeconsiderationproposedconcretemix
designswiththeresultsofconcretemixtestsandmaterialsdataforalltherequirementsinClauses
8.3.2and8.3.3completedwithintheprevious12monthsfromsimilarmixesproducedfromtheplant
(orsimilarwithjustification)andsimilarmaterialsproposedfortheWorksasanalternativeto
[Link]
concretetrialmixisrequiredbytheContractor.
Theconcretemixesshallbemadeusingtheplantanddegreeofqualitycontrolproposedforthe
Project.Theminimumvolumeofthetrialmixshallbe25%oftheratedcapacityofthemixer.
Whereconcreteisnotbatchedandmixedonthesite,atimedelayequaltoanaveragedeliverytime
onsiteshallbeappliedbetweenthemixingoftheconcreteandthesamplingforslumpandother
samplesfortheperformancerequirementtests.
Asanalternativetothetrialmixapproach,theContractormayconductthetrialmixinaccordance
[Link],theContractor
shallconductasitetrialmixwithaminimumvolumeof25%oftheratedcapacityofthesitemixerto
verifythelaboratoryresultsofslump,watertocementitiousmaterialratioand28dayscompressive
strength.
SAWatersRepresentativemaypermittheContractortousetheremainingtrialmixconcreteina
noncriticalstructure.

8.3.2

TrialMixTestRequirements

Eachtrialmixshalldemonstratebywayoftestingthatalltheperformancerequirementsasspecified
inClause7areachieved.
Plasticconcretetestingshallinclude:
1.

Concretetemperature;

2.

Slump;

3.

Aircontent;

4.

Massperunitvolume;

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page38of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

5.

Bleed;and

6.

ReversiontimeconsistencytestingtoClause7.1.1untilan80mmslumpisreachedfor
concretecontainingmediumorhighrangewaterreducer(AS1478.1TypeMWRorHWR).

UnlessotherwisespecifiedandapprovedbySAWatersRepresentative,themeasuredslumpafter
addingwaterreducingadmixturesshallbewithintheallowablerangespecifiedinAS1379ofthe
targetslump.
Notlessthantwelve(fifteenif56dayagestrengthsarerequired)concretecylindersandthree
concretedryingshrinkageprismsshallbecastandcuredinaccordancewithAS1012.8.1andAS
1012.8.4,[Link]:
1.

Seven(7)dayscompressivestrengthbasedontheaverageofthreeconcretecylinders;

2.

28dayscompressivestrengthbasedontheaverageofthreeconcretecylinders;

3.

Ifspecified,56dayscompressivestrengthbasedontheaverageofthreeconcretecylinders;

4.

DryingshrinkageaftertotalperiodsofairdryinginaccordancewithAS1012.13ofseven(7),
14,21,28and56daysbasedontheaverageofthreeconcretedryingshrinkageprisms;

5.

Acidsolublesulfateandchlorideioncontents.

6.

%AVPVat28and56daysbasedontheaverageoftwocylindersperagemouldedandcured
toAS1012.8.1andtestedinaccordancewithAS1012.21.

Additionalconcretecylinders(aminimumofthreeperage)shallberequiredifstrengthgainistobe
assessedforearlystrippingorloading.
Thefollowinghardenedpropertiesshallalsobetestedforconcretewherechlorideinduced
reinforcementcorrosionisapotentialdurabilityriskduringthedesignlifewithchloridesfrom
exposurethatismarine,inlandsaline,operationalorothers:
1.

ChlorideDiffusionTestNTBUILD443basedontheaverageoftwoconcretecylinders;and

2.

RapidChlorideMigrationTestNTBuild492basedontheaverageoftwoconcretecylinders.

8.3.3

TrialMixReport

TheContractorshallsubmitaTrialMixReporttoobtainapprovaloftheproposedconcretemix
designcontainingthefollowingminimumrequirementsforinclusionintheTrialMixReport:
1.

Classofconcrete;

2.

Supplierofconcrete(ifreadymixed);

3.

Mixdesignonecubicmetreproportions(byweightandwaterbyvolume)ofallmaterials
comprisingthemixincludinganyproposedadmixtures(byvolume);

4.

NameofsupplierandCertificatesofCompliancewithcurrentqualitycontroltestresults
requiredbythisStandardnotmorethan12monthsoldforallmaterialsusedinthemix(i.e.
cementitiousbinders,aggregates,water,admixtures).Coarseandfineaggregatesinformation
ontype,sourceandrequiredtestdatatobeinaccordancewithClause6.2;

5.

Concretemixdesignandperformancetestdataforanysimilarrecentconcreteknownand
availabletobesuppliedbytheContractorthatwillassisttheconcretetrialmixassessment;

6.

Trialmixperformancetobereportedshallincludethebelow:

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page39of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

a.

Actualbatchedquantitiesofallmaterialsandcomparisonwiththeproposedmixdesign;

b.

Moistureconditionofallaggregatesusedinthetrialmix;

c.

PlasticandhardenedconcretepropertiesrequiredbyClause8.3.2;

d.

Concretecontainingmediumorhighrangewaterreducer(AS1478.1TypeMWRorHWR):
Totalwateradded,water/binderratio,slump,andreversiontime;

7.

TrialmixconcretetestingshallbecompletedinaccordancewithrelevantAustralianStandards
unlessallowedorspecifiedotherwiseinthisStandard;

8.

TrialmixreportshallbeingeneralaccordancewithAS1012.2asaguidelineapproach.

8.4 ApprovalofConcreteMixDesign
NoconcreteshallbeplaceduntilapprovalofthetrialmixhasbeenobtainedfromSAWaters
[Link]
nominatedtrialmixanditsconstituentsconformtothisStandardshallbeprovidedbeforethetrial
mixisapproved.
Alltrialmixtestresultsshallbeprovidedpriortothemixbeingapprovedforuse.
Thetrialmix,theplantandthedegreeofqualitycontrolshallbeapprovedifthetrialmixtestvalues
achievethespecifiedperformanceasdetailedinClause7.
Thetestvaluesobtainedfromtheapprovedtrialmixshallbecometheapprovedbenchmarkfor
[Link]
havethesameperformanceortestresults,withinatoleranceasdetailedinAS1379orthisStandard.
SAWatersRepresentativemaygiveprovisionalapprovalofamixbasedonearlytesting.
Notwithstandinganysuchprovisionalapproval,alltheconcreteshallmeetallperformance
requirements.
If,duringthecourseoftheProject,thedegreeofqualitycontrolisnotmaintained(asevidencedbya
declineintheperformancetestvaluesand/orbyadeteriorationinthemethodsemployedin
batchingandmixing),SAWatersRepresentativemaywithdrawtheapprovalofthemixpending
establishmentofimprovedqualitycontrol,orifnecessary,aredesignofthemix.

8.4.1

VariationstoApprovedConcreteMixDesign

ApprovedconcretemixesshallnotbealteredwithouttheapprovalofSAWatersRepresentative.
Theapprovedmixshallbeuseduntilapprovalisgivenforanalteredmix.
Thequantitiesoftheconstituentsinanapprovedmixmaybevariedtoimprovethequalityofthe
[Link]
mixshallnotexceedthefollowingandshallstillconformtotheotherrequirementsofthisStandard:
1.

Cementitiousmaterials:3%bymassofeachconstituent;

2.

Aggregates:5%bymassofeachconstituent;and

3.

Admixtures:5%byvolumeand/ormassofeachadmixture.

Thevariedconcretemixshallconformtotheminimumcementitiousmaterialcontent,maximum
watertocementitiousmaterialratioandwithinthespecifiedproportionofcementand
[Link]
[Link]

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page40of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

notifiedinatimelymannertotheSAWaterRepresentative,whowillinstructanyrequirementfor
mixtrialstodemonstratecontinuedcompliance.
Variationoftheapprovedmixbeyondthelimitsstatedabove,orchangestothetypeorsourceof
anyconstituent,shallrequiresubmissionofanewtrialmixdesign.

8.4.2

TrialPours

Trialpoursshallbeperformedonsitebeforemakingconcretefortheactualworkwheninstructedby
SAWaterRepresentative.
[Link]
purposeofthetrialsistoverifythatconcretemanufacturedinaccordancewiththisStandardcanbe
placed,compactedandcuredinaccordancewiththisStandardusingtheplant,equipmentand
[Link]
[Link]
approvedbySAWaterRepresentative.
SAWaterRepresentativewillnominatethescopeofthetrialpours,includingpreparationofa
procedurefordeterminingtheperformanceofthenominatedconcretemix(es).Theproposedtrial
shallinvolveatleasttwoconsecutivepours,withtheproceduredetailingthefollowinginformation:
1.

Transportandplacement,includingplantandequipmenttobeused;

2.

Dimensionsoftheproposedpour,torepresentapourforthelargestsectionstobe
constructed,butnottobelessthanavolumetobenominatedbySAWaterRepresentative,
placedinapourofapproximatelyequaldimensions(width,lengthanddepth);

3.

Temperaturecontrol;

4.

Temperaturemonitoring;

5.

Curingregimeandtimebetweenplacementofconsecutivepours;

6.

Crackinspection,recordingandmonitoring;and

7.

Othermattersspecifictothetrialpour([Link]).

Thetrialpoursshallbeavailableforinspectionuptofourteen(14)[Link]
pourfailstomeetanyrequirementsofthisStandardthemixdesignandtrialpourprocedureshallbe
[Link]
WaterRepresentativeandtheresultssubmittedforapproval.

8.5 ConcreteMaximumTemperature
Themaximumtemperatureofallprecastandcastinsituconcreteduringthefirst28daysshallnot
exceedthevaluesbelowinaccordancewithCIAZ7/04:
1.

70CforcementtypeGPcement;and

2.

80Cforotherapprovedcementsystemsincorporatingaspecifiedminimumquantityof
40%slag,20%flyashor8%silicafume).

TheearlyageconcretecrackriskshallbeassessedinaccordancewithClause32whenthemaximum
concretetemperatureislikelytoexceed70C.
Themaximumtemperaturevaluesabovearerequiredforallprecastandcastinsituconcreteto
minimisetheriskofdelayedettringiteformation(DEF)inaccordancewithCIAZ7/04.
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page41of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

8.6 ConcreteMaximumTemperatureDifferentials
Allprecastandcastinsituconcreteshallhaveasaguidancemaximumtemperaturedifferential
acrossanysectionlimitedtovaluesbelowinaccordancewithCIAZ7/04andCIRIAC660:
SiliceousGravel:20C
Granite:28C
Basalt:32C
Limestone:35C.

Theearlyageconcretecrackriskresultingfromtemperaturedifferentialsshallbeassessedin
accordancewithClause32,whichshalltakeprecedenceovertheaboveguidancevalues.

SupplyandDeliveryofConcrete

9.1 General
Allconcretesuppliedshallconformtotheapprovedconcretemixandshallbedeliveredin
[Link]
thoroughlyanduniformlymixedbeforedischargingtheconcrete.
Thesizeofeachconcretebatchshallbedeterminedconsideringthetypeandpropertiesofconcrete,
capacityandperformanceofmixingequipment,methodoftransportation,typeofconstructionand
quantityofconcretetobeplaced.
TheContractorsConcreteSuppliershallprovideandmaintainandoperatethebatchingequipment
soastoaccuratelydetermineandcontroltheamountofeachseparatematerialenteringthe
concretetothetolerancesspecifiedinAS1379.
MixingofconcreteshallcomplywiththerequirementsofAS1379.
TheContractorsConcreteSuppliershallusetruckmixersthatcomplyandhavebeenmaintainedin
accordancewiththerequirementsofAS1379.
TheContractorsConcreteSuppliershallkeepfullanddetailedbatchinganddeliveryrecordsand
thesewillbemadeavailabletoSAWatersRepresentativewithinthree(3)workingdaysofany
request.

9.2 ConcreteDelivery
Concreteshallbetransportedwithminimumdelayandinamannerwhichwillpreventsegregation,
lossofmaterialorprematurestiffening.
Concretewhichhasbeguntostiffenshallnotbeused.
Ifconcreteisdeliveredusingamixeroragitator,thesizeofeachconcretebatchshallnotexceedthe
ratedcapacityoftheagitatordrum.
InadditiontotheinformationrequiredbyAS1379thefollowinginformationshallalsoberecorded
onthedeliverydocket:
1.

Concretemixuniqueidentificationcodeusedbytheconcretepremixsupplierasperthe
approvedmixdesign;

2.

Nominatedwatertocementitiousmaterialratio;

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page42of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

3.

Actualwatertocementitiousmaterialratioatdischarge;

4.

Nominatedinitialslump;

5.

Timeatdischarge;

6.

Totalactualwaterinthebatch,includingbutnotlimitedto:

7.

8.

9.

a.

MoisturecontentsofbothfineandcoarseaggregatesasrequiredbyClause6.7.3;

b.

Batchwaterandanyaddedattheslumpstand;

c.

Totalamountofwaterpermittedtobeaddedonsitethatwillnotexceedthe
water/binderratio;and

d.

Wateraddedonsitebeforecommencementofdischarge,includingwaterusedtowash
downthemixingbladesofthemixeroragitator;

Cementitiousbinder,includingbutnotlimitedto:
a.

Brandandtype;

b.

Totalmassofcementitiousbinder;and

c.

Proportionsofcomponentsbymass;

Chemicaladmixtures,includingbutnotlimitedto:
a.

Types;and

b.

Amounts;

Anyotheradditivestoabatch.

9.3 OnsiteTransportation
Concretetransportationequipmentusedonsiteshalldeliverconcretewithminimumdelayandina
mannerwhichwillpreventsegregation,lossofmaterialorprematurestiffening.
Appropriatemeasuresshallalsobetakenforprotectingtheconcretefromsunlightandweather.

9.3.1

ConcretePump

TheuseofconcretepumpshallbeinaccordancewiththerequirementsofAS1418.15andthis
Standard.PumpingconcreteshallbeinaccordancewithCIAZ7/04andCIAZ12.
Theconcretepumplocationandpipelinerouteshallbedeterminedsothatthepipelinedistanceand
thenumberofbendsareminimised.
Thepipelinediametersshallbeselectedinviewofthetypeandqualityofconcrete,themaximum
sizeofcoarseaggregate,fibresizeandcontent,pumpingconditions,easeandsafetyofpumping.
Thetypeandnumberofconcretepumpsshallbedeterminedbasedonthepumpingload,discharge
rateandtherateofplacement.
Priortocommencementofplacingconcrete,thepumpandpumplineshallbeprimedwithagrout
mixandtheinitialdischargeofconcreteshallbothbepumpedtowasteuntilaconsistentworkable
[Link].

9.3.2

ConcreteBucketorKibble

Theconcretebucketandkibbleshallbefabricatedsothat:
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page43of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

1.

Nosegregationwhenconcreteispouredinanddischarged;

2.

Concretecanbedischargedatacontrolledrateeasilywhenopened;and

3.

Concretedoesnotleakwhenclosed.

Thesizeoftheconcretebucketandkibbleshallbedeterminedbasedontherateofplacement.

9.3.3

Chute

Theslopeofthechuteshallpreventsegregationofconcrete.
Priortocommencementofplacingconcrete,thechuteshallbewettedandtheinitialconcretethat
flowsdownthechuteshallbecartedtowasteuntilconsistentworkablemixisdischarged.
Theuseofwaterinthechutetoassistmovementofconcreteshallnotbepermitted.

9.3.4

BeltConveyor

Wherebeltconveyorisused:
1.

Appropriatemeasuresshallalsobetakenforprotectingtheconcretefromsunlightand
weather;

2.

Baffleplatesandafunneltubeshallbeprovidedatthedischargeendoftheconveyorto
preventthesegregationofconcrete;and

3.

Adeviceshallbeinstalledattheendoftheconveyortopreventthedepositionofconcreteon
thereturnbelt.

9.4 PeriodforCompletionofDischarge,PlacementandCompaction
Thetimefromtheadditionofthecementtotheaggregatestoconcreteplacementandcompaction
shallnotexceedthetimesinTable8withoutthepriorapprovalofSAWatersRepresentative:
Table8AllowableTimefromBatchingtoPlacing
Concretetemperatureattimeof
discharge(oC)

Maximumelapsedtime

ConcreteStructures

32C

90m

Allconcreteunlessapproved
otherwisebySAWaters
Representative

35C

60m

ConcretethatSAWaters
Representativeapprovesconcrete
placementtemperatureupto35C
andconsideringtheconcreteearly
agecrackassessmentatClause32.

(minutes)

ThetimesgiveninTable8maybevariedwhereithasbeendemonstratedbytrialsthattheuseofset
retarding(AS1478TypeReorWRRe)admixturesprovidesadequateretentionofconsistencyfor
longerperiodsatthenominatedtemperature.GuidanceonthismatterandgiveninCIAZ7/04.
Nonetheless,concreteshallnotbeincorporatedintotheProjectWorksatanytimeifitsworkability
isoutsidethespecifiedlimits.
Retemperingoutsidethemaximumalloweddischargetimeusingadmixturesorwatershallnotbe
allowedunderanycircumstances.
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page44of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

9.5 RetemperingwithadditionofWaterorAdmixtureafterMixing
Watermaybeaddedtoamixedbatchofconcretepriortothecommencementofdischarge
providingthefollowingconditionsaresatisfied:
1.

ProcedureisinaccordancewiththeContractorsapprovedConcreteWorksMethodStatement
(referClause32);

2.

Theworkabilityoftheconcreteismeasuredbeforeandafterwateraddition,andthe
workabilityafteradditionshallbecompliantwiththisStandard;

3.

ApprovalisgivenbySAWatersRepresentative,theContractorandtheconcretesupplier;

4.

TheadditionalwaterismeasuredandrecordedbytheContractor,andwitnessedbySA
WatersRepresentative;

5.

Immediatelyaftertheadditionofanywater,operatethemixingmechanismatmixingspeed
untiltheconcreteachievestherequireduniformity;

6.

Thetotalwaterdoesnotexceedtheallowableadditionalwatercontentrecordedonthe
deliverydocketbasedonthewaterbinder/rationottobeexceeded;

7.

Thewater/binderratioisnotexceeded;

8.

TheperiodforconcretecompletionshallbeinaccordancewithClause9.4;and

9.

Theconcreteistestedforcompressivestrengthaftertheadditionofwater.

Aconcretemixdesignwithamidrange(MWR)orhighrange(HWR)admixturemayhaveadmixture
addedonsiteusingtheaboverequirementsforadditionofwater([Link]
procedureisadditionoftheseadmixturesatthebatchplant).

10 ConcretePlacementandCompaction
10.1 ConcretePlacing
10.1.1

General

AllconcreteshallbeplacedinaccordancewithAS1379andAS3600andAS5100.5,asappropriate.
GuidanceonallconcreteplacementandcompactionmattersisprovidedinCIAZ7/04.
TheContractorshallprovidethesequenceandconcreteplacingmethodologyandtheprecautions
takeninadverseweatherconditionstoSAWaterRepresentative.
UnlessotherwiseapprovedbySAWaterRepresentative,concreteshallnotbeplacedinwettrenches
orinrunningwater.

10.1.2

Preparation

Whereconcreteisplacedonearth,sandorrockfoundations,theearthorsandshallbecompacted
toatleast95%ofMaximumDryDensityasdeterminedbyAS1289.5.1.1,unlessotherwisespecified
intheContract,[Link]
Drawingsthefoundationshallbecoveredwithalayerofblindingorleanconcreteasspecifiedin
Clause5.3.
WherespecifiedintheContractorshownintheDrawingsorwheretheconcreteelementiswithina
coveredstructureandisconstructedongroundsurfacesoronfoundationbedding,apolythene
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page45of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

sheetseparatorofthicknessnotlessthan0.2mmshallbeemployedbetweentheground/bedding
[Link]
[Link],the
[Link]
[Link]
restraintbyuseofpolythenesheetingisnotrequired(e.g.watertankfloorslab150to200mmthick
requiresbaserestraintminimised),analternativetothepolythenesheetingisawaxbasedcuring
membranetoAS3799(referSection13)subjecttoContractorsubmissionforreviewandapprovalby
SAWatersRepresentative.
TheContractorshallrefertoClause14forplacingconcreteagainstaconstructionjoint.
Immediatelybeforeplacingconcrete,allsurfacesagainstwhichtheconcreteistobeplacedshallbe
freefromstandingwater,[Link]
[Link]
airand/[Link],reinforcementandembeddedmaterialsthathave
becomeencrustedwithdriedmortarorgroutfromconcretepreviouslyplacedshallbecleansedofall
suchmortarorgroutbeforethesurroundingoradjacentconcreteisplaced.
Anyabsorbentsurfacewhenincontactwithconcreteshallbemoistenedtosaturatedsurfacedry
conditionandanyexcessfreewatershallberemoved.

10.1.3

Placement

Concreteshallnotbeplacedandshallberejectediftheconsistencyisoutsidetheacceptablelimits
asspecifiedinClause7.1.1.
Theconcreteshallbeplacedinhorizontallayersnotexceeding75%ofthelengthoftheimmersion
vibratorsbeingused,exceptthatthefirstlayerofthefirstliftshallnotbemorethan350mmthick
andeachlayershallbecompactedinaccordancewiththerequirementsspecifiedinClause10.2
beforetheprecedinglayerhastakenitsinitialset.
[Link]
placementmaximumheightwithoutsegregationshallbedeterminedbytheContractorforeach
concretemixinaccordancewithCIAZ7/[Link]
heightthatgivessegregationand/orinadequatecompactionwillbenoncompliant.
[Link]
useofvibratorstomovetheconcretealongtheformsshallnotbepermitted.
Formworkshallnotbedisturbedoradjustedduringtheconcretingoperation,andshallremain
[Link]
anyprojectingreinforcingsteelforaperiodofatleast12hoursfollowingcompletionofconcreting.
Ifseveresegregationisidentifiedduringtheplacementofconcrete,theplacementshallbestopped
andamethodforreducingsegregationshallbedeterminedandimplemented.
Exceptatplannedconstructionjoints,theplacementofconcreteshallbecarriedoutcontinuously
untiltheplacementiscompleted.
Whenanewlayerofconcreteisplacedonapreviouslyplacedlayer,vibratorsshallbeinsertedinto
theunderlyinglayerforcompactioninaccordancewithClause10.2.
Incaseswhenbleedingwaterappearsatthesurfaceduringtheplacementofconcrete,thewater
shallberemovedusingappropriatemethods,[Link]
removalcanresultinconcretedefects(especiallyatthesurface)andtheContractorshallcompletea
concretemixreviewandsubmitforSAwatersRepresentativereviewandapprovalbeforethesame
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page46of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

[Link]
defectsandmayimpactdurabilitytheContractorshallsubmitaproposaltorepairorreplacethe
concreteforconsiderationbySAWatersRepresentative.

10.1.4

AdverseWeatherConditions

Allfreshconcreteshallbeprotectedwhererequiredfromsunlight,windand/orrain,untilcuringis
implemented.
Concreteshallberejectedifthetemperatureoftheconcreteislessthan10oCormorethan32oCor
35oCinaccordancewithClause9.2.
TheContractorshallberesponsibleformeasuringandrecordingtheconcretetemperatureandair
temperature,relativehumidityandwindvelocity,at1mabovetheconcretetobeplacedto
determineevaporationconditionsbeforetheconcreteisplacedandtotakerelevantprecaution
measures.
TheContractorshallimplementprecautionmeasuresforconcretinginadverseweatherconditions
includingbutnotlimitedtocoldweather,hotweather,windy,[Link]
precautionmeasuresshallbeapprovedbySAWaterRepresentative.

[Link]

ColdWeatherRequirements

Iftheambientairtemperatureisbelow5oCandfreezingconditionsareconfinedtogroundfrosts
duringthenighttheContractorshalltakeprecautionmeasurestoensurethatconcreteisplacedand
compactedataconcretetemperatureofnotlessthan10Candtheconcreteshallsubsequentlybe
curedinaccordancewiththerequirementsinClause13.
Concreteshallnotbeplacedagainstanysurfacebearingfrostorice.
Note:Asaguide,dependingupontheseverityoftheconditions,thefollowingprecautionsmaybe
applied:
1.

Formworktobeinsulated;

2.

Insulatingcoverstobeprovidedforconcrete;

3.

Concreteplacementtemperaturenotlowerthan10C;

4.

Concretetemperaturetobekeptnotlessthan5Casmeasuredatthesurfaceuntiltheendof
thecuringperiod,whichshouldbeatleastseven(7)days;

5.

Aggregatebinstobecovered;and

6.

Areasinwhichconcreteistobeplacedtobeattemperaturesabove0C,includingformwork
andreinforcement.

[Link]

HotWeatherRequirements

Placementofconcreteshallonlybepermittedproviding;
1.

Concretemixtemperaturepriortoplacementshallatnotimeexceed32C;andeither;

2.

Ambientshadetemperatureislessthan38Candfalling;or

3.

Ambientshadetemperatureislessthan38Candrising,butplacementcanbecompleted
beforetheambienttemperatureexceeds38C.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page47of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Maximumdeliverytemperatureslessthan32Cmaybespecifiedforlargethicknessconcretepours
orconcreteelementswithhighrestraintwheretheconcreteearlyagethermalassessmentin
accordancewithClause32ofthisStandardindicatesthatlowerinitialtemperaturesarenecessary.
Wherespecified,suchtemperaturesshallnotbeexceededforthepoursconcerned.
Steelformwork,steelreinforcementandanyothermetalsurfacesthatwillcomeincontactwiththe
concreteshallbecooledtobelow32Cbeforetheconcreteisplaced.
Concreteshouldbecoveredwithanimperviousmembraneafterscreedinginadditiontouseof
evaporationretardersuntilhardenedcuringbeginsandcuringcompoundsmaybeusedbutarenot
aseffectiveassealingandmoistcuringmethods(referClause13.3).Measuresshallbetakento
minimiseevaporativemoisturelosses(RefertoClause10.1.4.4).
Concreteshallberejectedifthetemperatureoftheconcreteattheplacingpointismorethan32C.
Note:Asaguide,thefollowingprecautionsmaybeappliedforgoodconcretingpracticeinhot
weatherconditions:
1.

Shadingaggregatestockpilesandwatercoolingexposedcoarseaggregateinacontrolled
manner;

2.

Addingchilledmixingwaterorcrushedicetoreplacemixingwater(inpart);

3.

Formworkandreinforcementtobecontinuouslysprayedwithcoldwaterinadvanceofthe
concreting,withallfreewaterremovedfromtheformwork;

4.

Concretetobemixed,transported,placedandcompactedasrapidlyaspracticable;

5.

Placingtheconcreteatatimeofdayornightwhentheairtemperatureislowerthanthe
maximum;

6.

Internalcoolingusingcoolingpipeswithintheconcrete;

7.

Suitablebarrierstobeprovidedtoprotectfreshlyplacedconcretefromtheevaporative
influenceofwind;and

8.

Excessivetemperaturerisestobereducedbyshadingtheworkareasandtheconcretefrom
directsunlightand/orcoveringwithareflectivesheetduringcuring.

[Link]

WetWeatherRequirements

TheContractorshalltakemeasurestoprotectthefreshlyplacedconcretefromrain.
Concreteaffectedbyrainwillberejected.

[Link]

EvaporationorDryingRequirements

TheContractorshalltakeadditionalprecautions(refertoClause10.1.4)tominimiseevaporative
moisturelossesthatcancreateplasticcrackingintheconcreteexposedsurfacewhenthe
evaporationrateexceeds0.5kg/m2/hourasdeterminedusingtheformulaandwebcalculatorgiven
[Link]
guidanceonconcreteplasticcrackingandevaporationratesinCIAZ7/[Link]
theconcretebleedratewaterisdrawnoutfromtheconcretesurfacesoconcretebleedshallbe
consideredasdetailedinCIAZ7/04.
Theevaporationshallbeevaluatedpriortoplacingconcreteandduringthecuringperiod.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page48of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

10.1.5

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

UnscheduledInterruptionstoConcretePlacing

[Link]
forthispurposeonlyastheconcretesurfacenotbeingabletobeeasilypenetratedbya12mmbar.
Ifconcreteplacingisinterruptedandtheconcretehastakenitsinitialset,theContractorshall
immediatelyinformSAWaterRepresentativeandtakethenecessaryactiontoformaconstruction
jointasperClause14attheplaceofstoppageinthemannerthatshallleastimpairthedurability,
[Link],theconcreteisliableforrejection.
Note:Asageneralguidance,ifaninterruptiongreaterthan45minutesoccurs,aconstructionjoint
approvedbySAWaterRepresentativeshallbeplacedforinsitucastconcrete.
Forprecastconcrete,theinterruptiongreaterthan45minutesshallbeidentifiedasanon
conformanceandtheunitshallberejected.
TheContractorshalleliminateasfaraspossiblefeatheredgesandadverselyslopingtopsurfacesand
[Link]
theconcreteshallbecompletedwhileitisstillplasticanditshallnotthereafterbedisturbeduntilit
ishardenoughtoresistdamage.
Sufficientequipmentandmaterialstocomplywiththisrequirementshallbereadilyavailableatall
timesduringconcreteplacing.
BeforeconcretingisresumedaftersuchaninterruptiontheContractorshallcutoutandremoveall
damagedoruncompactedconcrete,featheredgesoranyotherundesirablefeaturesandshallleave
acleansoundsurfaceagainstwhichthefreshconcretemaybeplaced.
IfitbecomespossibletoresumeconcreteplacingwithoutcontraveningthisStandardandSAWater
Representativeapprovessuchresumption,thenewconcreteshallbethoroughlyworkedinand
compactedagainsttheexistingconcretesoastoeliminateanyconstructionjoints.

10.1.6

DimensionsofConcretePlacing

ThepositioningofconstructionjointsifnotshownontheDrawingsshallbesubjecttoapprovalofSA
[Link]
thepriorwrittenapprovaloftheDesignerandSAWatersRepresentative.
TheContractorshallsubmitdetailsoftheconcreteplacingsequenceandplanintheWorksmethod
statement(referClause32)toSAWaterRepresentative.
ConcreteshallbeplacedtothefullplannedheightofallpoursshownontheDrawingsandtothe
requirementsofthisStandardincludingconcreteconsistency(referClause7.1.1),placement(refer
Clause10.1.3)adverseweatherconditions(referClause10.1.4),unscheduledinterruptions(refer
Clause10.1.5)andearlyagethermalcrackriskassessment(referClause32).

10.1.7

ConcretePlacingSequence

Inordertopreventcrackingduetorestraintofearlierlifts,theContractorshallarrangethatasfaras
possibletheintervalsbetweenplacingsuccessiveliftsofconcreteinonesectionoftheprojectareof
equalduration.
Note:Asaguide,thisdurationshallnormallybenotlessthanthreeormorethanseven(7)days
undersimilartemperateweatherconditionsunlessjustifiedbyaconcreteearlyagethermalcrack
riskassessment(referClause32)approvedbySAWaterRepresentative.
WhentheDrawingscallforcontractiongapsinconcrete,theseshallbeofthewidths,detailsandin
thelocationsshownontheDrawingsandtheyshallnotbefilleduntilthefulltimeintervalshownon
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page49of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

[Link]
restraintwhereaconcreteearlyagethermalcrackriskassessment(referClause32)isrequired.

10.1.8

UnderwaterConcretePlacement

TheContractorshallsubmitthemethodologyforunderwaterconcretingpriortoconcretingforthe
[Link]
hasbeenapprovedbySAWaterRepresentative.
Note:Asaguide,thefollowingtechniquesmaybeemployed:
1.

Pump;

2.

Tremie;

3.

Slipform;

4.

Dewateringofformwork.

TheContractorshallnotplaceconcreteinwaterhavingatemperaturebelow5oC.

10.1.9

UseofRockSpalls

SpallsofsolidrockmaybeusedinmassconcreteconstructionwhereapprovedbySAWater
Representative.
Thespacingofthespallsshallbesuchthatthecleardistancebetweenthespallsandtheirclearance
fromfacesofformsshallnotbelessthan150mm.
Thespallsshallbesurfacewettedandbeddedbyhand,andtheconcreteshallbevibratedinplaceall
aroundthespalls.

10.1.10 TraceabilityofConcrete
Allconcretebatchesplacedshallberecordedandtraceablefromthebatchplanttoitsgeneral
locationintheconcreteelementbytheserialnumberonthedeliverydocket.

10.2 CompactionofConcrete
Compactionofconcretebymeansofmechanicalvibrationshallcommenceimmediatelyafterthe
[Link]
formvibrators.TheamountandtypeofvibrationusedshallbeinaccordancewithCIAZ7/04and
approvedbySAWaterRepresentative.
CompactionbyhandtampingshallnotbeusedwithouttheapprovalofSAWaterRepresentative.
Vibrationshallbeappliedtothefulldepthofeachlayerandextendedintothetop100mmofthe
[Link]
concrete,[Link]
theingredientsoccurs.
Vibrationshallnotbeappliedeitherdirectlyorthroughthereinforcementtoanyconcretewhichhas
takenitsinitialset.
Whereinternalvibratorsareused,theyshallbeinsertedverticallyatsuccessivelocationsatspacing
notexceedingthemanufacturer'sstatedzoneofinfluence,andshallnotbeallowedtorestonthe
steelreinforcement.
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page50of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Whereintensecompactionisspecified,theformworkshallbemadeofrigidmetalcomplyingwith
[Link]
conjunctionwithexternalformvibrators.
Note:Forgoodconcretingpractice,theContractorshallprovideatleasttwovibratorsingood
workingorderonstandbyonsiteduringtheconcreteplacement.

10.3 Screeding
Immediatelyafterplacingandcompaction,exposedsurfacesshallbescreededofftothespecified
levelsandprofiles.
Afterscreeding,theContractorshallprotectthesurfaceandcomplywiththerequirementsof
[Link]
[Link]
hardenedandshallbeinaccordancewithClause13.3.
Cracksshouldnotappearontheconcretesurfaceduringthescreedingorfinishingwhencuringis
[Link],anycracksthatformduringscreedingand
finishingshallbeclosedupbyrevibratingtheconcretewhiletheconcreteisstillinaplasticstate.
TheContractorshallsubmitdetailsofanycracksthatformduringscreedingandfinishingtoSA
WatersRepresentativewithintwo(2)daysoffinishingtheconcreteandcrackinspectiononthese
areasshallbecompletedinaccordancewithClause18.

11 FinishingofUnformedConcreteSurfaces
11.1 General
Allunformedsurfacesshallbefinishedtruetolinesandlevelswithinthetolerancesspecifiedinthe
Drawings,AS3600andAS5100.5,asappropriate.
Finishingofexposedconcretesurfacesshallbecarriedoutaftertheconcretehasbecomesufficiently
[Link]
necessarytoproducethedesiredfinish.
Theedgesoftheunformedsurfacesshallbeneatlyroundedwithanapprovedjointingtool,havinga
minimumradiusof5mm,toafinishconformingtotherequirementsofthisStandard.
Unlessspecifiedotherwise,toppingsshallnotbeused.
Thefinishedsurfacesgradedfordrainageshallnotretainpoolsofsurfacewater.
TheclassesoffinishforunformedsurfacesshallbeasspecifiedorasshownontheDrawings.
ThedesignatedclassesforunformedsurfacesareU1,U2,U3,U4andU5asdefinedinClauses11.2to
11.6.
CuringshallcommenceimmediatelyinaccordancewithClause13followingtheprogressive
completionatanylocationoffinalfinishingoperations.
ForthepurposeofthisClause,abruptirregularitiesisdefinedasverticaloffsetsandbeassessedby
directmeasurement.Gradualirregularitiesshallbemeasuredfromastraighttemplate3mlong.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page51of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

11.2 ClassU1
ClassU1finishisahardandsmoothsteeltrowelledfinishproducedbythesuccessivetrowellingofa
[Link],vibratingscreedorplatefinishmaybeusedinlieuofhand
trowelswhereappropriate.
AClassU1finishshallbeusedwherespecifiedandonuncoveredslabsincontrolrooms,switchboard
rooms,chlorinationstationsandwhereappearanceandcleanlinessareofparamountimportance
andwhereaddedresistancetowearandresistancetoerosionandcavitationundertheactionof
waterathighflowvelocitiesarerequired.
ForClassU1finish,gradualirregularitiesshallbelessthan5mmandshallnotcontainanyabrupt
irregularities.

11.3 ClassU2
ClassU2finishisa'broomed'steeltrowelledfinishusedonsurfaceswherespecifiedandonall
walkwaysandslabsthatwillbewalkedonregularlyduringsubsequentoperationandwillbe
periodicallywettedbyrainand/[Link],externalcover
slabsontanksatwaterfiltrationworks,andwetwellfloorsinwaterandsewagepumpingstations.
[Link]
appropriatestagewhentheconcretehashardenedtoastatewhereabroomfinishcanbeapplied
without'tearing'thesurfaceandonewhichmatchesthefinishofthereferencesampleslab(Referto
Clause11.7).
Broomingshallbeinonedirectiononlyanditshallbecarriedoutusingamediumstifflonghandled
broomandbyapplyingthenecessarypressuretoproducethedesirednonslipfinish.
Theaveragetexturedepthshallbenotlessthan0.8mm.

11.4 ClassU3
[Link]
includesallflattrafficsurfaces,allsurfaceswhichareperiodicallywettedbutnotusedaswalkways,
suchasthetopsoftankwalls,valvechambers,foundations,stairwells,exposedfloorsofwater
retainingstructures,andallexpansionandcontractionjointseatings.
ThepreliminaryoperationsasspecifiedforClassU4finishshallbecarriedoutandanynecessary
cuttingwithedgingorjointingtoolsandanyfillshallbedoneduringfloating.
[Link]
willflattenandsmooththesandytextureofthepreviouslyfloatedsurface,andshallproducea
dense,uniformsurfacefreefromblemishesandtrowelmarks.

11.5 ClassU4
ClassU4finishisawoodfloatfinishandshallapplyonlytosurfacesspecifiedtoreceivethisfinish.
Thisfinishshallnotapplytowaterretainingsurfaces.ClassU4finishisalsousedasthesecondstage
offinishesU3,U2andU1.
[Link]
thescreededsurfacehasstiffenedsufficientlyandonlyafterallbleedwaterhasevaporatedorhas
[Link]
leftbythestraightedge,floatingoperationsbytheuseofbullfloatingordarbyingmaybeemployed.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page52of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

AClassU4finishshallbeasurfaceuniformintextureandfreefromscreedmarks.AClassU4finish
shallnothaveanyabruptand/orgradualirregularitiesofmorethan5mm.

11.6 ClassU5
ClassU5finishappliestosurfaceswhereroughnessisnotobjectionablesuchasthoseuponor
againstwhichfillmaterialorconcretewillbeplacedandsurfacesthatwillotherwisebepermanently
[Link].
Thefinishingoperationsshallconsistoflevellingandscreedingtheconcretetoproduceaneven
[Link]
withasawingmotionusingastraightedgeorscreedacrosswoodormetalstripswhichhavebeen
[Link].
AClassU5finishshallnothaveanyabruptand/orgradualirregularitiesofmorethan10mm.

11.7 ReferenceSampleSlabs
AttherequestofSAWatersRepresentative,theContractorshallcastonsiteasampleslabof
approximately1.0x0.5metresasareferenceforanyoneormoreofthespecifiedsurfacefinishes.
ThesurfacefinishoftheapprovedsampleslabswillbeusedbySAWatersRepresentativeasa
referenceforacceptanceoffinishedwork.

12 FormedConcreteSurfaces
TheclassesoffinishforformedconcretesurfacesshallbeasspecifiedorasshownontheDrawings.
FormedconcretesurfacesshallbedefinedinaccordancewithAS3610.1.

13 ConcreteCuringandProtection
13.1 General
Allfinishedconcretesurfacesshallbeprotectedfromdamagefromanycauseincludingmortar
splashesandstains,timberstains,ruststains,chemicalattack,additives,oils,drainagewater,
protectivecoatings,foreignmatterandthelike.
Thecuringofunformedsurfacesofconcreteshallcommenceassoonastheconcreteisplacedin
accordancewithCIAZ7/04.
TheContractorshallsubmitfulldetailsoftheproposedmethodologyofcuring,includingbutnot
limitedtomaterialsandperiodofcuring,aspartoftheproposedconcretemixdesignsubmissionto
SAWaterRepresentativeforapproval.
Asfarasispracticableconcreteshallnotbeexposedtoaggressiveenvironments,includingbutnot
limitedtoseawaterorliquidswithpH<5,untiltheendofthecuringperiod.
Theconcreteshallbemaintainedatatemperatureabove5C.

13.2 CuringafterPlacement
Theconcreteshallbekeptmoistfromtimeofplacementuntilsurfacefinishingiscompletedwhen
hardenedcuringbeginsbyuseofsprayinganevaporationretardanttopreventplasticshrinkage
crackingand/[Link].
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page53of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

13.3 CuringafterHardened
Hardenedconcretecuringofexposedconcretesurfacescommencesassoonassurfacefinishing
[Link]
concretesurfaceshallbekeptcontinuouslymoistandthewholesurfaceprotectedfromtheeffects
[Link]:
1.

Maintainwatersaturationofconcretebypondorcontinuouslysprinklethesurfacewith
[Link],suchassprayingwithwateronceaday,isnotacceptable;

2.

Coveringwithsealedplasticfilmtopreventmoistureevaporationfromtheconcretesurfaceby
coveringcompletelywithpolythenesheetingorequivalentcoveringmaterialsecurelyheldin
[Link]
sheetingshallbetapedorshallbeoverlappedbyatleast200mmandthewholeshallbe
[Link]
[Link]
topconcretesurfaceshallbekeptcontinuouslymoistbytheuseofanabsorbentcoverbeing
saturatedwithwaterandthenimmediatelybeingcoveredbythepolythenesheet;

3.

Applyanapprovedliquidcuringcompoundtoexposedconcretesurfaceswhereapprovedby
theSuperintendent;

4.

Coveringwithwetadsorptivematerial([Link],geotextile,canvas,etc.)andwrappingthis
withsealedplastic;

5.

Retainformworkinplace.

13.4 LiquidMembraneFormingCuringCompound
Generalandspecificcharacteristicsofcuringcompoundsandtestingthereofshallcomplywiththe
requirementsofAS3799.
TheContractorshallprovidethefollowingcuringcompoundinformationtoSAWaterRepresentative
withallcuringsubmissioninaccordancewithClause13.1:
1.

Name,type,manufacturersdetailanddosagerate;

1.

Methodofuse,includingstorageandmethodforcontrollingandmeasuringdosage;and

2.

AcurrentCertificateofCompliancefromthemanufacturer;and

3.

Foreachbatchdelivered,aCertificateofUniformityfromthemanufacturer.

Onlywaxbased(AS3799,ClassA),resinbased(AS3799,ClassB),andwaterborne(AS3799,ClassZ)
curingcompoundsthatcomplywiththerequirementsofAS3799maybeused.
Allcuringcompoundsappliedtoconcretethatwillcomeincontactwithdrinkingwatershallbe
approvedforuseinpotable/drinkingwaterinaccordancewithAS/NZS4020.
[Link]
incorporateadeviceforcontinuousagitationandmixingofthecompoundinitscontainerduring
[Link]
CertificateofCompliance.
CuringcompoundsshallbeusedinaccordancewiththemanufacturersrecommendationandCIAZ9.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page54of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Thecuringcompoundshallbeappliedtounformedsurfacesimmediatelyaftercompletionofall
finishingoperations,andtoformedsurfaceswithin30minutesoftheremovalofformworkfromthe
section.
Anyrequiredrepairofconcretesurfacesnotcompletedpriortoapplicationofthecuringmembrane
shallonlybeperformedaftercompletionofthecuringperiodand(atleastlocal)removalofthe
[Link],afterbeingapplied,shallbemoistenedandcoatedwithcuring
compoundinaccordancewiththeforegoingrequirements.
Curingcompoundshallnotbeappliedtoconstructionjointsunlessthejointistohavecuring
compoundremovalbyroughenedorblastcleaningatalaterstagepriortoconcreting
Curingcompoundshallnothaveadeleteriouseffectontheconcreteorstrainthesurfaceofthe
concrete.
Anycuringcompoundshallbecompatiblewithboththeconcretemixandtheappliedfinishesand
shalltakeaccountofallpossiblefinishes([Link],waterproofingorsurfacesystem)
tobeappliedtotheconcrete,[Link]
curingmembranehasanimpactontheconcretesurfacepreparation([Link]
removal)alternativecuringmethodsshallbeconsidered.
Curingcompoundsshallnotbeusedonsurfacesagainstwhichfreshconcreteisrequiredtobond.
Thecuringmembraneshallbemaintainedintactafteritsinitialapplication,fortherequiredcuring
[Link]
withoutdelay.
TrafficandotheroperationsbytheContractorshallbesuchastoavoiddamagetocoatingsofcuring
[Link]
operationstoavoidtrafficoversurfacescoatedwithcuringcompound,theconcretesurfaceshallbe
protected(e.g.byacoveringofsandnotlessthan25mminthickness,polythenesheetingplus
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
surfacesshallberepairedwithoutdelay.

13.5 RetentionofFormwork
Whereformworkisleftinplaceforcuringpurposes,anyexposedsurfacesoftheconcreteshallbe
[Link]
evaporativemoisturelossesforthedurationofcuring.
Wherepartoforalltheformworkistobestrippedbeforetherequiredcuringperiodiscompleted,
curingoftheformedsurfaceshallcommencewithin30minutesofstrippingandcontinueforthe
remainderofthecuringperiod.

13.6 AcceleratedHeatCuring
Whereacceleratedheatcuringisproposed,theContractorshallsubmitthemethodofsteamor
temperaturecontrolandproposedcuringcycle,durationofheatcuringtoSAWaterRepresentative
withallcuringsubmissioninaccordancewithClause13.1.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page55of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

13.7 CuringDuration
Curingshallbeundertakentosatisfyshorttermrequirementstopreventplasticcrackingandlong
[Link]
requirementsofOptions1,2or3describedbelowaremet:
1.

Option1:7daysminimumcuringforGPcement;

2.

Option2:14daysminimumcuringforGBorLHcement;

3.

Option3:Untiltheconcreteinthecoverzoneachieves60%ofitscharacteristicstrengththat
shallbedeterminedbycoverzonematuritymonitoringinaccordancewithASTMC1074or
strengthtestingofadditionalcylinderscastbythepremixconcretesupplierandcuredina
similarmannertothecoverzoneconcreteitrepresents.

Notrafficshallbeallowedtopassoverandnomaterialsshallbedepositedonanyconcreteduringits
curingperiodwithouttakingprecautionstopreventdamagetotheconcrete.

14 Joints
14.1 General
[Link]
benormaltolongitudinaljoints.
TheuseofwaterstopsforwaterretainingorexcludingstructuresshallcomplywithTS2(PVC
waterstop)andClause14.4.

14.2 ConstructionJoints
ConstructionjointsshallbeinaccordancewithAS3735,AS3600andAS5100.5,asappropriate,
exceptwherespecifiedotherwiseinthisstandard.
Thenumberofconstructionjointsshallbekepttoaminimum.
TheContractorshallproposeconstructionjointlocationsandshallsubmittheirconstructionjoint
proposalstoSAWaterRepresentativeforapproval.
Constructionjointsshall,unlessotherwisedetailedoragreed,betrulyhorizontalorverticaland
madewithasmallformedchamferorotherapprovedmeansofensuringthatastraight,cleanline
appearsatthejointoncompletion.
Concreteagainstwhichnewconcreteistobeplacedshallbeintentionallyroughenedbyremovingall
[Link]
surfaceshallbecleanedofforeignmatter,laitanceandlooseorporousmaterialandotherforeign
[Link]
dryconditionimmediatelybeforeplacingofnewconcrete.
Greencuttingortheuseofwaterand/orairjettingpriortofinalsetofconcretetoroughenthe
constructionjointsurfacemaybepermittediftheContractorcanprovideproofofcompetencywith
theuseofthismethodinaccordancewiththerequirementsofthisStandardandtothesatisfaction
ofSAWaterRepresentative.
Alternatively,[Link]
surfaceretardershallbeusedinaccordancewiththeManufacturer'[Link]
ContractorshallprovidethefollowinginformationtoSAWaterRepresentative:
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page56of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

1.

Name,type,manufacturersdetailanddosagerate;

2.

Methodofuse,includingstorageandmethodforcontrollingandmeasuringdosage;and

3.

Conformingtestresultsfromthemanufacturer.

14.3 ControlJoints
AllcontroljointsshallbeprovidedaslocatedanddetailedontheDrawingsorintheContract.

14.4 ConcreteJointsforWaterRetainingandExcludingStructures
14.4.1

GeneralRequirements

TheContractorshalldevelopaMethodStatementforallconstructionjointdetailinstallations,
includingproposedmaterialstobeused,andsubmitforSAWatersRepresentativeapprovalatleast
28dayspriortoanyconstructionjointworks.
Allwaterproofingmaterialsthatcomeincontactwithwaterintendedforhumanconsumptionshall
beapprovedforuseindrinkingwaterinaccordancewithAS/NZS4020.
Intheeventofanunscheduleddelayinaconcretingoperation,anyproposalbytheContractorto
introduceanunplannedconstructionjointshallbesubjecttoapprovalbySAWatersRepresentative.
TheSuperintendentmaydirectremovaloftheconcreteandreplacementwithfreshconcreteathis
discretion.
Waterstops,sealantsandcoatingsshallbesubjecttoapprovalforusebySAWatersRepresentative,
includingdurabilityreviewtoachievethedesignlife.
Constructionandexpansionjointsurfacesshallreceivespecialattentionwhenplacingconcreteto
ensuretheyhavesoundconcretewithnovoids.
Theapproachforconcretejointsshallprovide:
1.

Multiplebarriersinordertoprovidelevelsofredundancyandbackup;

2.

Highworkabilityconcretewithslumpgreaterthan150mmforwalljointsmaybean
acceptablebarriersubjecttotheSAWaterRepresentativesreviewandapproval;

3.

Accessforjointmaintenanceasoperationalconstraintsallow([Link]
bereplacedbutwaterstopswithintheconcretearenotintendedtobereplaced);

4.

Abilitytoreturnanddrilltheconcretetoallowgroutinjectionofanyleakswithpolyurethane
orotherapprovedmethods;

5.

Abilitytoreturnandtreatleaksbyinjectingreinjectabletubingwhereprovided.

14.4.2

WaterstopProvenDurabilityandRequirements

SurfacesealantmaterialsproposedtobeusedbytheContractorshallhavewrittenconfirmation
fromthemanufacturerthattheyhaveaminimum15yearservicelifeincontactwithchlorinated
and/orchloraminatedpotablewaterwithanyqualificationstotheapprovalofSAWaters
Representative.
PlasticwaterstopsproposedtobeusedbytheContractorshallhavewrittenconfirmationfromthe
manufactureroftheminimumservicelifewhencastintoconcretethatshallachievetheWorks
designlife.
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page57of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

TheContractorshallprovideevidencefromthesealantmaterialmanufacturerofthelongtermuse
oftheproductselsewhere,samplesofthesealantmaterialsandthenamesandexperienceofthe
applicatorstotheSAWaterRepresentativeforapprovalatleasttwoweekspriortoinstallation.
Waterstopsatwatertightjointsshallincludethefollowingasnominatedonthedrawings:
1.

Rearguardandcentrebulbwaterstopsinstalledintheconcrete;

2.

Hydrophilicsealsinstalledwithintheconcrete,withminimumconcretecoverrequiredbythe
[Link]
concreteabovethehydrophilicsealwillallowwaterpenetrationaroundthehydrophilicseal.
Useofhydrophilicsealsinwaterretainingorexcludingstructuresrequirementsassessmentin
accordancewithCIAZ7/[Link],swellable
hydrophilicsealsshallnotbeusedastheprimarywaterstopinwaterretainingstructures;

3.

Gunappliedpolyurethanesealantinagrooveontheconcretesurface.

Alljointsealingsystemsshallbeinstalledinaccordancewiththemanufacturersrecommendations.
TheContractorshallprovidetheSuperintendentwithwrittenconfirmationthatthejointinstallation
hasbeencompletedinaccordancewiththemethodofinstallationrecommendedbythejoint
materialmanufacturer.

15 ConcreteTemperatureandStrainMonitoring
TheContractorshallproposemethodsofassessmentoftheinsituconcretetemperaturerise,
monitoringofpourtemperaturesandstrainwhichshallbesubjecttoapprovalbySAWaters
Representative.
Athermalblockorhotbox(referClause15.1)shallbecastandmonitoredforconcretethatrequires
concreteearlyagethermalcrackassessment(referClause32)anddataisnotavailableforthesame
orsimilarconcreteasdeterminedbySAWatersRepresentative.
SitemonitoringoftemperatureandstrainshallbeconductedoninitialconcretepourstoClause15.2
foreachconcretemixtypeandtheresultsinterpolatedforfuturesimilarconstructedcomponents.
AdditionalsitemonitoringshallbeasdirectedbySAWatersRepresentativewherethetestdata
cannotbeinterpolated.

15.1 ThermalBlock
ThethermaltestblockshallbecompletedinaccordancewithCIAZ7/07toobtainsemiadiabatic
temperaturefortheconcretethatshallbepredictedtoadiabatictemperatureusingguidancefrom
CIAZ7/07.

15.2 SiteMonitoring
Thermocouplesandvibratingwirestraingaugesshallbepositionedatarangeofpositionsto
determinetheconcretepeaktemperature,differentialtemperatureandstrainacrosstheconcrete
section(inaccordancewithCIAZ7/07)ofliquidretaining/excludingandothercriticalelements(e.g.
minimumofoneinsituelementfirstconstructed).Locationsoftemperatureandstrainmonitoring
pointsshallbesubmittedbytheContractorforapprovalbySAWatersRepresentativeandDurability
Consultantthatcompletestheconcreteearlyagethermalcrackassessment(referClause32).

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page58of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

16 PrecastConcreteUnits
16.1 General
ThisClauseprovidesthespecialrequirementsforprecastconcreteunitsconstruction.
TheContractorisresponsibleforthedesign,manufacture,storage,handling,deliveryanderectionof
[Link]
managementsysteminaccordancewithAS/NZISO9001.
TheContractorshallproduceallshopdrawingsfortheprecastconcreteunitandtheshopdrawings
[Link]
indicatethepositionoftheprecastelementsinthestructure,allreinforcements,prestressing,ducts,
[Link]
approvalaminimumof14workingdaysbeforecommencingproductionoftheprecastelements.
[Link]
theContractorfromanyresponsibilityofconstructingthestructureinaccordancewiththedesign.
TheContractorshallalsosubmit,forreviewbySAWaterRepresentative,detailsofthelifting
calculationandproposedhandlingandsupportingmethodologypriortoliftingandsupportingthe
[Link].
TheContractorshalldesign,manufacture,store,handle,deliveranderectprecastconcreteunitsin
accordancewith:
1.

AllrequirementscontainedwithinthisStandard;

2.

Allrequirements,recommendationsandguidanceinthefollowingAustralianStandards,as
appropriate:
a.

AS1597.1;

b.

AS1597.2;

c.

AS2159;

d.

AS3850.1;

e.

AS3850.2;

f.

AS/NZS4058;

g.

AS4198;

h.

AS/NZS4676;and

i.

AS5100.5;

3.

Allrequirements,recommendationsandguidanceinNationalCodeofPracticeforPrecast,
TiltUpandConcreteElementsinBuildingConstruction;

4.

Manufactureandacceptanceofprecastconcreteelementsshallbeinaccordancewiththis
Standard,theDrawings,andthePrecastConcreteHandbook(NP:PCH2009)bytheNational
PrecastConcreteAssociationAustralia(NPCAA)inconjunctionwiththeConcreteInstituteof
Australia.

Inthecaseofadiscrepancyamongtheabovedocuments,[Link]
precedenceisthenfollowedbytherelevantAustralianStandard;NationalCodeofPracticefor
Precast,[Link]
ContractorshallalsonotifySAWaterRepresentativeofthesediscrepanciesimmediately.
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page59of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Wheretherequirements,guidanceandrecommendationscontainedamongtheabovedocuments
arenotdefined,theContractorshallseekclarificationfromSAWaterRepresentative.
Maximumtemperatureofconcreteduringacceleratedcuringofprecastmanufactureshallnot
exceed70Ctominimisetheriskofdelayedettringiteformation(DEF),exceptwhereatleast20%fly
ash,or40%slagor8%silicafumebymassofbinderisincorporated,inwhichcasethemaximum
temperatureshallnotexceed80C.
Theprecastelementsshallbestored,handledandplacedstrictlyinaccordancewiththeprecasters
recommendations.
Ifholesorliftinglugsareusedintheprecastelementsforhandlingpurposes,theholesorlug
recessesshallbefilledwithaSAWatersRepresentativeapprovedproprietaryshrinkage
[Link]
Representativeshallbeappliedoverliftinglugpointswheretheconcretecovertothelugdoesnot
meetthespecifiedcover.
Precastconcreteunitsshallbeliableforrejectioniftherequirements,guidanceand
recommendationscontainedintheabovedocumentsarenotfollowed.
Anyunitsdamagedordistortedinexcessofthespecifiedtolerancespriortoorduringerectionshall
bereplacedattheContractorsexpense.

16.2 TraceabilityofPrecastConcreteUnits
Allmanufacturedprecastconcreteunitsshallbetracedfromthecompletionofmanufacturetotheir
finallocationbyauniqueidentificationnumber.
Theidentificationnumber,dateofcasting,themanufacturersnameorregisteredmarkandthe
maximummassshallbemarkedoneveryprecastunit.
Temporaryidentificationshallbemadeonthesurfaceoftheunitwhereitcanbeeasilyidentified.
Finalmarkingshallbemadebyindeliblemarkingmaterial,usinglettersapproximately40mmhigh.

17 SprayedConcrete
17.1 General
ThisClauseprovidesthespecialrequirementsforapplicationofwetprocesssprayedconcrete(i.e.
shotcrete)anddryprocesssprayedconcrete([Link]).ThisStandarddoesnotcovertheuseof
proprietarysprayappliedcementitiousmaterials.
Onlyshotcreteshallbeusedforstructuralapplicationsincludingbutnotlimitedtoretainingwalls,
soilnailwalls,tunnellinings,supportinginsituexcavatedmaterial,surfaceimprovementandshort
termsupport.
Shotcreteandgunitemaybeusedforconcreterepairworksandfortheconstructionofoverlaysfor
cathodicprotection(CP)ofconcretestructures.
InformationdetailedinCIAZ5,particularlyonmixdesignandmaterialsusedinsprayedconcretecan
beusedtosupplementthisStandardasdeemedsuitablebythedesigner.CIAZ5alsocontainsdetails
onsuitablemethodsofsprayedconcreteapplicationofandtheseprocessescanbespecifiedby
referencetoCIAZ5.ThetestmethodsgiveninthisStandardaresimilartothoseinCIAZ5anditis
recommendeddesignersconsidertherecommendationsontestsandtestfrequencygiveninCIAZ5
whenfinalisingaprojectspecification.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page60of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Sprayedconcreteshallneitherbeappliedinliquidnorappliedinaggressiveenvironmentincluding
butnotlimitedtoseawaterandliquidswithpH<5.
InadditiontotherequirementsspecifiedinClause9.1,anyacceleratorsandotheradmixturesthat
areaddedtoconcreteatthenozzleoratthedeliveryhoseshallbedispensedbycalibrated
mechanicalmeansatdosageratesnotexceedingthemaximumrecommendedbythemanufacturer.
Allchemicaladmixturesaddedtowetprocesspremixedconcreteatthenozzleoratthedelivery
hoseshallbeincludedaspartoftheconcretemixdesignreviewedinaccordancewiththe
requirementsofClause8.2.
RefertoClauses31.1and31.2fortheuseofsteelandsyntheticfibres.

17.2 CompetencyofPersonnelInvolvedinSprayedConcrete
Personnelundertakingthesprayedconcreteworksincludingthenozzleoperator,supervisorand
finisher,shallhaveaminimumof5yearsexperienceinsprayedconcreteapplicationanda
demonstratedcompetencyforsubstratepreparation,sprayedconcreteplacementtechniquesand
inspection,sprayedconcretematerialquality,equipmentoperation,encapsulationofsteel
reinforcement,finishingandcuring.
Thenozzleoperatorshallhaveademonstratedcompetenceandabilitytoproducesprayedconcrete
complyingwiththisStandardandhaveprequalificationtothesprayedconcreteprocedure
requirementsasstatedinClause17.3.
Thesprayedconcretesupervisorshallbetrainedandqualifiedonallaspectsofsprayedconcrete
[Link]
betrainedandskilledintheapplicationprocedurestobeused.
Documentedevidenceshallbeavailabletodemonstrateexperience,qualification,skillsandtraining
ofpersonnel.

17.3 PrequalificationofSprayingProcedure
17.3.1

General

TheContractorshallsubmitdetailsoftheproposedsprayedconcreteoperations,includingthe
proposedtypeofsprayedconcrete,mixdesign,substratepreparation,methodofapplication,
equipmentandnozzleoperatorsforreviewbySAWaterRepresentativepriortocommencementof
thesprayedconcreteoperation.
TheContractorshallproduceevidenceofthenozzleoperatorspreviousexperienceinthe
[Link]
abilitytoproducesprayedconcretecomplyingwiththisStandard.

17.3.2

PreparationofTestPanels

Twotestpanels750mmx750mmandthegreaterofthespecifiedthicknessor150mmshallbe
constructedbytheContractorforeachnominatednozzleoperatorpriortocommencingfullscale
sprayconcreteoperation,forthepurposeofcheckingthesuitabilityoftheproposedmixdesign,
materials,plantandequipment,themethodofworkingandthecompetenceoftheoperator
intendedfortheProject.
Thetestpanelsshallberepresentativeofthesprayingoperation(s)tobeadopted,theinsitu
material(s),thelocationandtheactualorientation([Link],overheadetc.)ofthesprayed
concrete.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page61of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Sprayingofconcreteintothetestpanelswhenplacedhorizontallyonthegroundshallnotbe
allowed.
AdditionalpanelswillberequirediftheContractorshouldchangethemixdesign,plantand
[Link]
sprayedconcreteplacedinsituandinaccordancewiththerequirementsofthisStandard.
Wherereinforcementintheformofsteelfabricorsteelreinforcement,ortitaniumanodemeshfor
cathodicprotection,istobeusedthesamereinforcementdetailingandnumberoflayersormesh
shallbeprovidedinthetestpanel.

17.3.3

SamplingandTestingofPanels

TheContractorshallcutsampleofcoresfromeachtestpanel,inaccordancewithAS1012.14,at
rightanglestotheplaneofthepanelapproximately48hoursafterthepanelhasbeensprayed.
Coresshallnotbetakenwithin125mmoftheedgesofthepanel.
TheContractorshallensurethat2corespertestpanelarecutfromconcreteadjacenttoorthrough
steelreinforcementforthepurposeofvisualassessmentofthequalityofthesprayedconcrete
adjacenttosteelreinforcement

17.3.4

Prequalification

SprayedconcreteshallnotbeplaceduntilSAWaterRepresentativehasreviewedallprequalification
procedures,theresultsoftesting,andvisualinspectionofboththecoressampledandthetest
[Link]
mixdesignhasbeenreviewedbySAWaterRepresentative.
Whereitisshownthatthesamematerials,mixdesigns,equipment,proceduresandpersonnelhave
givensatisfactoryresultsinsimilarworks,SAWaterRepresentativemayaccepttheconstructionof
testpanelsconcurrentlywiththefirstsprayedconcreteplacedintheWorks.
Theprequalifiedsprayedconcreteprocedureshallbeadheredtothroughoutthesprayedconcrete
[Link]
theprequalifiedprocedureandproducedtheconformingtestpanels.
Theprequalifiednozzleoperatorandprequalifiedsprayedconcreteproceduremayonlybechanged
afterfurtherprequalificationandwiththeapprovalofSAWaterRepresentative.

17.4 ApplicationofSprayedConcrete
17.4.1

Equipment

Theequipmentusedshallhaveadequatecapacityandbecapableofdeliveringtheconcrete
constituentstothenozzleatauniformratesuchthatthesprayedconcreteleavesthenozzleina
continuousuninterruptedstreamandatavelocityofdischargewhichwillmaximisecompaction,
minimisereboundandoversprayandpreventsaggingoftheappliedconcrete.
[Link]
operation,theequipmentshallbeatadistanceoflessthan1mfromthereceivingsurface,and
exceptwherenecessaryattherequiredanglewhichwillproduceadenseinsituconcretewith
maximumadherenceofmaterialontothepreparedsubstrate.
Formachinesprayingoperation,theequipmentshallbeatadistanceoflessthan2moras
recommendedbythemanufacturerfromthereceivingsurface.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page62of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Deliveryhosesshallhaveaninternaldiameterforunimpededflowofmaterialwithoutblockages,
ballingoffibreorsegregationofaggregateand/orfibre.
Chemicaladmixturedispensingequipmentshallbesubjecttoregularmaintenanceandcalibratedat
threemonthlyintervals.

17.4.2

SurfacePreparation

[Link]

SurfaceofInSituMaterial

Excavationtotherequiredlineandgradeshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewiththeproject
drawingsandearthworksspecification.
Theintegrityofthesurfaceoftheinsituorexcavatedinsitumaterialshallbemaintainedfreeof
excessivewettingordryingpriortotheapplicationofthesprayedconcrete.
Actionshallbetakentocontrolgroundwaterbytheinstallationofdrainstopreventcontactwiththe
newlysprayedconcretesurfaceorthedevelopmentofhydrostaticpressuresbehindthesprayed
concrete,effectiveforthedesignlife.
Looseandunsoundmaterialwhichmayaffectadhesionofthesprayedconcretetotheinsitusurface
[Link]
shallbedampbutwithoutfreewaterandpreparedsothatnoabruptchangesinthethicknessofthe
sprayedconcreteoccur.

[Link]

ConcreteSurfaces

[Link]
surfaceshallbethoroughlycleaneddowntoremoveanytracesofdirt,grease,oil,remnantsof
curingcompoundsandorganiccontaminants([Link],algae,etc.),orothersubstancesthatcould
[Link]
placedagainstasmoothconcretesurface,thesurfaceshallberoughenedasaminimumtoan
exposedaggregatefinish(notlessthanCSP7perICRI310.2R2013)[Link]
[Link]
surfaceshallbepreparedsuchthatnoabruptchangesinthicknessofthesprayedconcreteoccur.
ForconcreterepairandCPoverlayworkscompletedwithproprietarysprayappliedcementitious
mortarstheconcretesubstrateshallbepreparedinaccordancewiththerequirementsoftheoverlay
manufacturer.

[Link]

SteelworkandReinforcement

Steelworkandreinforcementbarsshallbefreeoflooseorthickrust,oil,grease,paint,mudorany
otherharmfulcoatinginaccordancewithClauses29.1.7,29.2.7or29.4.7asappropriatepriortothe
applicationofsprayedconcrete.
Reinforcementshallbefirmlyfixedtoprovidethecover,clearancesandlapsdescribedinthe
drawings.

17.4.3

Application

Sprayedconcreteshallnotbeplaceduntiltheevidencethatthesubstratepreparation,
reinforcement,andembedmentshavebeenreviewedbySAWaterRepresentative.
Sprayedconcreteshallbeappliedassoonasispracticalfollowingthepreparationofthesubstrateas
specifiedinClause17.4.2.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page63of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Thefinishedsprayedconcreteshallbedenseandhomogeneousforitsfullthickness,without
segregationofaggregateorfibres,andwithoutcollapsing,excessivereboundorothervisible
imperfections.
Eachlayerofthesprayedconcreteshallbebuiltupbymakingseveralpassesovertheworkingarea.
Duringstartingandstoppingofthesprayingoperationorwheneverflowbecomesintermittentor
irregularforanycausethenozzleoperatorshalldirectthenozzleawayfromtheworkuntilitagain
becomesconstant.
Wherealayerofsprayedconcreteistobecoveredbysucceedinglayers,itshallbeallowedtoset
[Link],segregated,
[Link],repairedas
specified,cleaned,andwettedusingablastofairandwater.
[Link]
surfacessprayedconcreteshallbeappliedfromtheshouldertothecrown.
Layerthicknessshallbelimitedtoamaximumof150mmtoensurethatthematerialdoesnotsagor
delaminate.
Thespraynozzleshallbeheldatsuchadistanceandangletoensureplacementofconcretebehind
andaroundsteelreinforcementbeforeanyconcreteisallowedtoaccumulateonitsfrontface.
Sprayedconcreteshallnotbeplacedthroughmorethanonelayerofsteelfabric,reinforcementor
titaniumanodemeshinoneapplication.
[Link]
oversprayorreboundshallberemoved,priortotheplacementofsprayedconcreteontoadjacent
surfaces.
Wherethesprayingprocessisadverselyaffectedbywindorotheradverseeffectsduringapplication,
sprayingshallbediscontinuedunlessspecialprecautionscanbeimplementedtoensurecompliance
withtherequirementsofthisclause.
SprayedconcreteshallonlybeappliedinaccordancewiththerequirementsofClauses10.1and13

17.4.4

Finishing

UnlessotherwisespecifiedintheContract,thesurfacefinishofsprayedappliedstructuralconcrete
retainingwalls,soilnailwalls,tunnelliningsandotherstructuralcomponentsformingpartof
permanentWorksshallbesteelfloatedandsatisfytherequirementsofClause11.3forClassU2
surfacefinish.
UnlessotherwisespecifiedintheContract,othersprayedconcretesurfacesshallbeleftassprayed.
Allsurfacefinishesshallbeuniformintextureandfreefromanyblowholesorsurfaceimperfections.

17.4.5

TolerancesonSurfaceofSprayedConcrete

TolerancesforsprayedappliedstructuralconcreteshallsatisfytherequirementsofClause21.3.
Wheresprayedconcreteistobeplacedtoaspecifiedshapeitshallbewithin25mmofthatshape
[Link]
onnaturalsurfacesorsurfaceswithundefinedshapethethicknessshallbewithin0mm+15mmof
thenominalthickness.
TheContractorshallutiliseprobesduringapplicationofsprayedconcretetoenablethemonitoring
oftherequiredthickness.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page64of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

TheContractormayproposealternativemethodsforthemonitoringofsprayedconcretethickness
duringapplication,fortheapprovalofSAWaterRepresentative.

17.4.6

Joints

ThepositionsandtypesofjointsshallbeasshownonthedrawingsorspecifiedintheContract.
Theuseofinternalwaterstopsisnotpermitted.
UnlessotherwisespecifiedintheContract,theconstructionjointshallbeofoneoftheapproaches
showninFigure9.12and9.13oftheConcreteInstituteofAustraliasRecommendedPracticeZ5
ShotcretinginAustralia,SecondEdition,preparedbyAustralianShotcreteSociety,excepttheuseof
unformedjoint.

17.4.7

InspectionandSoundnessofFinishedSprayedConcrete

TheContractorshallundertakeavisualinspectionandasoundnessinspectionofthefinished
[Link]
compaction,drypatches,[Link]
small(0.8kg)handheldhammertolocatedrummyorhollowresponseareasthatmightindicatea
possiblelackofbond,[Link]
defects.

17.4.8

RepairofDefectiveAreas

Areasofthefinishedworkthatexhibitalackofcompactionorbonding,drypatches,voidsandsand
pockets,orhaveslumpedorsagged,shallberemovedandrepairedwithasinglecomponent,
shrinkagecompensatingproprietarycementitiousmaterialinaccordancewiththerequirementsof
[Link]
areashallbesimilarintextureandcolourtothesurroundingsprayedconcrete.

18 CrackInspectionandAssessment
Asitecrackinspectionshallbecompletedonallconcretesurfacesinaccordancewiththeprocedures
containedinCIAZ7/07bytheContractorinthepresenceofSAWatersRepresentative:
1.

Atthecompletionofthecuringperiodandwhentheconcretehascooledtoambient
conditions(approximately7daysaftercast).Thiswillidentifyanyunexpectedcrackingand
allowadjustmentsasneededforfutureconcretepours;

2.

Immediatelyafterallconstructionactivitiesarecompleted(priortobackfillingofsoilif
requiredforbelowgroundlevelstructures)andallowingsufficienttimepriortooperational
usetodocumentcrackpositionsandmeasurethesurfacewidthofanycracksthathave
formedandcompleteanyrepairsthatarejustified;

3.

12monthsaftercompletionoftheProjectorpriortotheendofthedefectsliabilityperiod,
whicheverisearlier;

4.

Inadditionforliquidretainingstructures,detailedinspectiononthelastdayoftestingfor
liquidtightnessinaccordancewithAS3735Section7toidentifyanyvisiblewaterleakageor
darkercolouredconcretethatindicateswaterpenetrationthroughcracks,plusother
constructionjoints,surfacevoidsorotherrequirementsofthisStandard.

Allinspectionsshalldeterminethepresenceofanycrackswithwidthgreaterthanthatspecifiedin
Clause7.2.4.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page65of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

WherecrackwidthgreaterthanthatofspecifiedinClause7.2.4,theyshallbeidentifiedasanon
[Link],theContractorshall:
1.

MeasurelengthandwidthofcracksinaccordancewithCIAZ7/07;

2.

MarkcracksonplanandelevationdrawingsandissueasAsBuiltConcreteCracksdrawings
inaccordancewithaformatacceptabletoSAWatersRepresentativeandissuethedatainan
MSExcelspreadsheet;

3.

Undertakeanassessmenttoevaluatetheinfluenceofthenonconformingcracks(moredetails
below);

4.

Establishthecause(s)ofthecracks,crackwidth,themoistureconditionofthecrackand
whetheracrackisactiveorinactiveincludingconcreteearlyagethermalcrackassessmentin
accordancewithClause32;

5.

SAWatersRepresentativemayrequirerepresentative50mmdiametercoresamplestobe
takenthroughrepresentativecrackstotheinteriorreinforcementdepthtoassistinevaluation
offuturedurabilityandcrackrepairsrequired;and

6.

SubmitacrackrepairmethodologyforSAWaterRepresentativereview,priortoanyrepair
worksbeingundertakeninaccordancewithClause21.

Theassessmentofthecrackedconcretestructureandtheproposedcrackrepairmethodologyshall
beundertakenbyaDurabilityConsultantoranexperiencedconcretetechnicalspecialistwitha
minimumof5yearspracticalexperienceinthediagnosticassessmentandinvestigationofconcrete
[Link],
location,surfacepreparationandmethodofapplication,likelypostrepairedcrackbehaviour,and
effectontherequirementsspecifiedinthisStandard,thestructuraladequacyimpactanddurability
impacttoachievetherequireddesignlifewithoutincreasedmaintenancebycomparisonto
uncrackedconcrete.
Note:GuidanceonthedurabilityofconcretewithcrackwidthsisgiveninCIRIAC660andwillbe
availableinthefuturefromCIARecommendedPracticeZ7/06.

19 SiteConcreteCoverMeasurements
Asitecoverinspectionshallbecompletedafterconstructiononarepresentativenumberofexterior
[Link]
beconductedinthepresenceoftheSAWaterrepresentative.Wheremorethan5%fornormal
compactionandqualitycontrol,and1%forintensecompactionandhighlevelofqualitycontrol,of
covermeasurementsarelessthanspecified,theContractorshallcommissionadurabilityreviewbya
DurabilityConsultantandrectifytheprobleminaccordancewiththerecommendationsofthe
DurabilityConsultant,[Link]
Z7/04.

20 WallConcreteCompactionforLiquidRetainingStructures
Concretecompactionatthebaseofwallshasthegreatestriskofinadequatecompactionandshallbe
inspectedandtestedaftercompletionasbelow.
1.

[Link]
torecordallvisibledefects;

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page66of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

2.

Mechanicalhammertapping(veryhardwitha1kghammer)oftheconcretesurfaceto
[Link]
torecordallvisibledefectsidentifiedbyanysurfaceskimremoval;

3.

Concretecoresamplingshallbecarriedoutonconcreteinthetrialwallcasting,whereatrialis
carriedout,oronthefirstwallcastofeachconstructiontype,andifconcretevoiddefectsare
indicatedbyvisualinspectionormechanicalhammertappinginvestigations,whereinstructed
[Link]
tobetested:

4.

a.

[Link]
inspectionandmechanicalhammertappingfindingsandshallbeinareasofworst
defects,[Link]
meterrebardetection;

b.

Coresshallbefromtheexteriorsurfaceofthewallunlessthedefectsareclearlyonthe
[Link];

c.

Photographsshallbetakentorecordallcorepositions([Link]),cores
extracted,andallcoreholesshowinginsituconcrete;

AllcoresamplingshallbeundertakenbytheContractor.

21 ConcreteRepair
21.1 General
ThisClauseappliesonlytorepairofminorandnonstructuralconcretedefectsincludingcracks,
voids,honeycombing,blowholes,airpockets,bleedvoids,concretewhereformworkremovalcreates
spallsortheconcretesurfacenotconformingtothesurfacefinishclassasspecifiedinClause11.
TheContractorshallmakegoodanyconcretedefectsandremoveanyprotrusionsorexcessconcrete
tothespecifiedfinishrequirementsasrequiredbythisStandardinaccordancewiththeprocedures
containedinHB84.
TheContractorshallprovideadetailedRepairMethodStatementforconductofeachrepair
includingtechnicaldatasheetsofproprietarymaterialstobeused,bondingagents,coatings,extent
ofsawcuttingandbreakout,surfacepreparation,placementmethod,curing,qualitycontrolanda
summaryoftheRepairContractorsrelevantexperience,submittedtoSAWatersRepresentativeat
leastseven(7)[Link]
[Link]
WaterRepresentativemayrequestsubmissionofindependenttestdatatoconfirmperformance
parametersstatedonproductdatasheet.

21.2 ConcreteRepairMaterialsandProcedures
Contractorrepairofconcretedefects(referClause21.1)shallbetotheapprovalofSAWaters
Representative,andtoachieveacolourmatchwithadjoiningexternalsurfaceconcretewhenrepair
workhasset.
RepairofconcreteshallbeperformedbyacceptablyskilledworkersapprovedbySAWaters
[Link]
concretewillbeperformed.
UnlessinspectioniswaivedbySAWaterRepresentativeineachspecificcase,repairofconcreteshall
beperformedonlyinthepresenceofSAWaterRepresentative.
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page67of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

TherepairedconcretesurfacesshallbetotherequirementsofthisStandard.
Accordingtothenatureofthedefecttoberepaired,repairsshallbebyoneofthefollowing
methods:
1.

Prebaggedproprietarycementitiousrepairmortarforconcretedefectstypicallyofdepth
0mmto70mm;

2.

Proprietarycementitiousmicroconcreteforconcretedefectstypicallyofdepth50mmto
200mm;

3.

Concreteasspecifiedintheworksforexcessivevoidsorconcretereplacement;

4.

Epoxyresinbasedrepairmortarforconcretedefectsafterfullevaluationofpotential
incompatibilitywithconcreteduetodifferentialmovement([Link]
gradients)plusbondadhesionwithinepoxyopentime;

5.

Polyurethaneresinorsimilarflexiblematerialsinjectionofcracksfordurabilityrepair;

6.

Lowviscosityepoxyresininjectionofcracksforstructuralrepair;

7.

Protectivecoatingsorfinishesforinadequatecover;and

8.

OtherstobeapprovedbySAWatersRepresentative.

Allproprietaryrepairmaterialsshallbeusedstrictlyinaccordancewiththemanufacturers
instructions.
Protectionandcuringofcementitiousrepairmaterialsshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewiththe
requirementsoftheproductmanufacturersinstructions,minimumseven(7)dayscuringin
accordancewithClause13.3andasapprovedbySAWatersRepresentative.
WheredirectedbySAWatersRepresentative,areasofconcretetoberepairedshallbeTrial
RepairstoproveacceptablematerialsandmethodsasstatedintheContractorsRepairMethod
[Link]
0.5morasdirectedbySAWatersRepresentativeandtheentiretrialrepairprocessshallbe
observedbySAWatersRepresentative.

21.3 RepairedConcreteTolerances
Thetoleranceonedgesandsurfacesinplanandlevelshallbe3mm.
Maximumallowanceforirregularitieswhenmeasuredwitha2.0metrestraightedgeshallbe3mm.
Inaddition,evennessshallnotdeviatebymorethan1mmwhencheckedwitha300mm
straightedge.

21.4 RepairedConcreteQualityControl
TheContractorshallcompleteavisualinspectionanddelaminationsurvey(refertoCIAZ7/07)to
identifyanydefectsofallconcreterepairareasatseven(7)daysaftertherepairsarecompletedand
[Link]
usingasmallhammeralongthewholesurfaceareaoftheconcretepatchrepairsanddelaminated
[Link]
[Link]
adhesionstrengthtestingoftherepairtothesubstrateconcreteshallbecompletedatthediscretion
ofSAwatersRepresentative.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page68of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

ThereshallbenodefectsintheconcreteaslistedatClause21.1,includingnocracksattheinterface
oftheconcreterepairwiththeexistingconcrete.
AlldefectsidentifiedbytheContractorshallberecordedandsubmittedtoSAWaters
Representativewithinthree(3)daysofcompletingthesiteinspection.
Alldefectiverepairsincludingdelaminatedpatchrepairsshallberemovedandrepairedin
accordancewiththerequirementsofClauses21.1and21.2tothesatisfactionofSAWaters
Representative.
TheContractorshallrecordanddocumentallrepaircompletedincludingrepairmethodstatement,
locationofrepairs,depthandextent,materialsusedplustechnicaldatasheets,qualitycontroltests
conductedandrepresentativephotostothesatisfactionofSAWatersRepresentative.

22 ConcreteQualityControl
22.1 General
TheContractorshallberesponsibleforalltesting,asspecified,toprovecompliancewiththe
[Link],checks,calibrationsorselfauditsas
requiredbythisStandard.
IrrespectiveofthetestingcarriedoutbytheContractor,SAWatersRepresentativereservestheright
[Link],
exceptinthecaseoffailureandsubsequentreteststovalidateconformity;theyshallbeatthe
Contractor'sexpense.
SAWatersRepresentativemaydirecttheContractortocarryoutadditionaltesting(increaseinthe
frequencyoftesting)[Link]'s
expense,butwherefailuretocomplywiththespecifiedrequirementshasbeenidentified,theyshall
[Link]
rectifiedasaresultofadditionaltestingshallbebornebytheContractor.

22.2 ConcreteQualityCriteria
AllconcretetobeincorporatedintheWorksshallbemanufacturedinaccordancewithAS1379
[Link],when
transported,placed,compactedandcuredinaccordancewithAS3600foradesignlifeupto50years
andAS5100.5foradesignlifegreaterthan50yearsupto100years,thehardenedconcretewill
complywiththestrengthgradesgiveninthisStandard,asshownontheDrawingsandasdefinedin
AS1379.
Allconstructionmaterialsthatwillcomeincontactwithdrinkingwaterwhentheconcreteisin
operationuseshallbeapprovedforuseindrinkingwaterinaccordancewithAS/NZS4020.

22.3 BatchCertificates
Allconcretesuppliedshall,atarrivalonsite,beprovidedwithbatchplantcertificatesforthe
[Link]
requiredbyAS1379andinadditiontherequirementsofClause9.2.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page69of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

22.4 RequirementsforTestingFacilitiesandPersonnel
AlltestingfacilitiesandfieldtestingpersonnelshallholdcurrentaccreditationtoISO17025fromthe
NationalAssociationofTestingAuthorities,Australia(NATA)fortherelevanttestmethods,unless
specificallyexemptedbySAWatersRepresentative.
TheContractorshallsupplyacopyofalltestresultstoSAWatersRepresentativenolaterthantwo
(2)workingdaysaftertestinghasbeencompletedforcompressionstrengthandnolaterthanfive(5)
workingdaysaftertestingforallothertests.

22.5 TestingFrequency
InspectionandTestPlans(ITPs)shallnominatetheproposedtestingfrequencytoverifyconformity
[Link]
isnotspecifiedaminimumfrequencyshallbenominatedforapprovalbySAWatersRepresentative.
VariationstoreducethefrequencyoftestingshallbeatthediscretionofSAWatersRepresentative.
WheretheContractorhasimplementedasystemofstatisticalprocesscontrolandcandemonstrate
thatalowerfrequencycanassurethequalityoftheproduct,SAWatersRepresentativemayagree
toalowerfrequency.

22.6 SamplingandTesting
FreshconcreteshallbesampledandtestedinaccordancewithAS1379andAS3600Section17.1.6,
forprojectassessmenttesting.
TestspecimensshallbetestedinaccordancewithrequirementsinthisStandard.

22.7 Noncompliances
TheContractorshallrecordandimmediatelyreportallnoncomplianceswiththisStandard,including
allreferencedtestswithintheStandardfromthelistatClause1.3,[Link]
recordshallindicatethenatureofthenoncompliance,thecorrectiveactiontakenandthe
location(s)withintheWorkspotentiallyoractuallyaffectedbythenoncompliance.
ThefollowingstepsshallbetakenbytheContractortotheapprovalofSAWatersRepresentative.
1.

Identifytheextentandcauseofthenoncompliance;

2.

Takemeasurestopreventreoccurrence,includingsuspendingworks;

3.

Proposeinvestigationstodeterminethequalityoftheconcreteandothermaterialsinthe
works;

4.

Proposerepairactionstoreinstatetheappearance,strengthanddurabilityoftheaffected
Works,withdurabilityreviewinparticularforwatertightnessofliquidretainingorexcluding
elements;and

5.

TheContractorshallengageaDurabilityConsultant(referCIAZ7/01)foranymattersthat
reducedurabilityincludingtoachievetherequireddesignlifewithoutadditionalinspection
andmaintenance.

SAWatersRepresentativeshallreviewallnoncompliancesanddeterminerejectionofconcretein
accordancewithClause22.8orconcreterepairinaccordancewithClause21.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page70of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

22.8 RejectionofConcrete
ConcretesuppliedtositebutdeemedbySAWatersRepresentativetonotcomplywiththe
[Link]
anyofthedefectslistedinSection17.1.7ofAS3600shallberejected.
Hardenedconcretewhichexhibitsa7daycompressivestrengthbelow60%usingGPcementor50%
usingGBorLHcementofthe28daycharacteristicstrengthforthatgradeofconcreteshallbe
[Link]
RepresentativetoinstructtheContractortowithholdfurtherworkonthosecomponentswhich:
1.

Constitutemajorstructuralmembers;or

2.

Aresupportedorconnectedtothecomponentswiththeconcreteofsuspectquality.

Untilthe28daycharacteristicstrengthoftheconcreteisobtainedandtheconcreteacceptedor
[Link]
extensionoftimeconsequentialtotheissuanceofSAWatersRepresentativeinstructiontowithhold
suchworkirrespectiveofthe28daystrengthofthesuspectconcrete.
AnyconcreterejectedbecauseofnoncompliancewiththerequirementsofthisStandardshallbe
[Link]
worksdeemednecessarybecauseoftheirconnectiontotherejectedconcreteshallbebornebythe
[Link]
complyingconcretesupplyorinstallation.

23 SuperWorkableConcrete
23.1 General
UnlessspecifiedotherwiseinthisClause,superworkableconcreteshallconformtothisStandard.
Superworkableconcreteshallonlybeusedinveryheavilyreinforcedelements,ininaccessibleareas
[Link]
approvedbySAWaterRepresentative.GuidanceisavailableformCIAZ40.
Wheresuperworkableconcreteisproposed,atrialmixismandatoryandshallbeundertakenin
[Link]
implementandmaintainaqualitymanagementsysteminaccordancewithAS/NZISO9001forthe
concretebatchingandproductionprocess.
Thesuperworkableconcretemixingmethodshallbedeterminedbasedontheexistingrecordsorby
conductingtests.
Therequirementsforslumpflow,differencebetweenslumpflowandJringflow,timeforthe
concretetoreach500mmdiameter(T500)andVisualStabilityIndexshallbeappliedinlieuofthe
slumprequirements.

23.2 RequirementsforFreshSuperWorkableConcrete
Table9MinimumAcceptableCriteriaforFreshSuperWorkableConcrete
Property

TestMethod

AcceptableCriteria

SlumpFlow

AS1012.3.5

550mmto800mmSpread

DifferencebetweenSlumpFlowand
JRingFlow

AS1012.3.5

50mm

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page71of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Property

TestMethod

AcceptableCriteria

Timefortheconcretetoreach500
mmdiameter

AS1012.3.5

5seconds

VisualStabilityIndex

ASTMC1611

23.3 SamplingandTesting
Samplingandtestingforsuperworkableconcreteshallbeinaccordancewiththerequirementsof
concreteinthisStandardexceptthattheslumpflow,differencebetweenslumpflowandJringflow,
timefortheconcretetoreach500mmdiameter(T500)andVisualStabilityIndexshallbesampled
andtestedatthesamefrequencyastheslumptestforothertypeofconcrete.
Whenmakingtestcylindersforsuperworkableconcretethetestsampleshallbeplacedintothe
[Link]
[Link]
ofthesidesofcylindermouldswithaplasticmallet,roddingorvibrationshallnotbeappliedtotest
cylindersmadeupofsuperworkableconcrete.

23.4 SelfCompactingConcrete(SCC)
InadditiontotherequirementsspecifiedinClause23.1to23.3,compactionasperClause10.2shall
[Link],self
compactingconcreteshallnotbesubjectedtoanyphysicaldisturbanceafterplacement.

24 UltraHighPerformanceConcrete
ForthepurposeofthisStandard,ultrahighperformanceconcreteisahighstrength,ductileconcrete
withcompressivestrengthinexcessof100MPawhentestedaccordingtoAS1012.9,modulusof
ruptureinexcessof18MPawhentestedaccordingtoAS1012.11andfractureenergyinexcessof
10N/mmwhentestedaccordingtoASTMC1018.
UnlessspecifiedotherwiseinthisClause,ultrahighperformanceconcreteshallconformtothis
[Link].
TheContractorshallprovideaprojectexecutionplanandmethodologyforusingultrahigh
performanceconcrete,basedonthefullunderstandingofmaterialcharacteristicsduringplacement
[Link]
qualitymanagementsysteminaccordancewithAS/NZSISO9001fortheconcretebatchingand
productionprocess.
Trialmixismandatoryandshallbeundertakeninaccordancewiththerequirementsspecifiedin
[Link]
containedwithinthisStandardaccordingtothetypeofultrahighperformanceconcrete,
constructionconditionsandconstructionmethodsandshallbedemonstratedbywayoftesting.

25 AlkaliActivatedConcrete
ForthepurposeofthisStandard,alkaliactivatedconcreteisconcretemadeofessentiallyanybinder
systemderivedbythereactionofanalkalimetalsource,eithersolidordissolved,withasolidsilicate
oraluminosilicaterichpowder.
UnlessspecifiedotherwiseinthisClause,alkaliactivatedconcreteshallconformtothisStandardand
[Link]

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page72of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

[Link],inthisStandard,theterm
ConcreteinAS1379shallbeinterpretedtoincludealkaliactivatedconcrete.
TheuseofalkaliactivatedconcreteshallbesubjecttoapprovalbySAWaterRepresentative.
TheContractorshallprovideaprojectexecutionplanandmethodologyforusingalkaliactivated
concrete,basedonthefullunderstandingofmaterialcharacteristicsduringplacementandafter
[Link]
managementsysteminaccordancewithAS/NZSISO9001fortheconcretebatchingandproduction
process.
Trialmixismandatoryandshallbeundertakeninaccordancewiththerequirementsspecifiedin
[Link]
containedwithinthisStandardaccordingtothetypeofultrahighperformanceconcrete,
constructionconditionsandconstructionmethodsandshallbedemonstratedbywayoftesting.
Wherealkaliactivatedconcreteisproposed,thealkaliactivatedconcretesuppliershallimplement
andmaintainaqualitymanagementsysteminaccordancewithAS/NZSISO9001fortheconcrete
batchingandproductionprocess.

26 FormworkandFalsework
26.1 General
Formworkandfalseworkincludingalltemporarysupportingmembers,shallconformtoSafeWork
AustraliaFormworkandfalseworkguidancematerial,therelevantAustralianStandardsincludingbut
notlimitedtoAS3610andAS3610.1,andthisStandard.
Formworkandfalseworkshallbedesignedconsideringthetype,scaleandimportanceofthe
structureandtheconditionsofconstructionandenvironment.
Formworkandfalseworkshallbedesigned,inspectedandcertifiedbycompetentandexperienced
engineer(s)suchthattheerectionofformworkandfalseworksatisfytheperformancerequirements.
Errorsinlineorleveloftheformwork,orpositioningand/orquantityofsteelreinforcementshallbe
[Link]
formwork,reinforcement,embeddedcomponents,ortheformedconcretesurface,whichmay
becomeapparentduringoraftercastingtheconcrete.
UnlessitiswaivedbySAWaterRepresentativeineachspecificcase,therelevantCertificateof
[Link]
applicationofanyloadshallnotproceeduntiltheCertificateofComplianceoftheconstructed
formworkhasbeenreviewedbySAWatersRepresentative.
Formworkdrawingsanddesigncomputations,ifrequiredbySAWaterRepresentative,shallalsobe
preparedbytheContractorandsubmittedforexamination.
Blockouts,inserts,ducts,embeddeditems,[Link]
tolerancesspecifiedarecompliant.

26.2 FormworkConstruction
Formworkshallbewatertight,bracedandtiedtogethertoconfinefreshlyplacedconcreteand
[Link]
canberemovedwithoutdamagetotheconcrete.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page73of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Whereformworkisintendedforreuse,thedeteriorationofthematerialsfollowingtheiruseand
[Link].
UnlessspecifiedotherwiseintheContract,allcornersofcastinplaceorprecastconcreteshallhave
[Link]
[Link].
Theinteriorsurfaceofformworkshallbethoroughlycleanedoutandtreatedwithreleaseagentor
lubricanttopreventadhesionoftheexposedconcretesurface,inaccordancewiththe
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
embedmentsshallnotbesoiledbythereleaseagentorlubricant.InaccordancewithClause7.2.5
thereleaseagentshallbecompliantwithAS/NZS4020ifresidualamountscomeincontactwith
potablewater.
Allformsshallbecleanedandfreefromsand,shavings,[Link]
[Link],temporaryopeningsshallbeprovidedatappropriatepositionsinthe
formtofacilitatecleaning,[Link]
inpropermannerpriortoplacingconcrete.

26.3 FormTies
Formtiesshallconsistofbolts,rodsorotherfasteningsystemsthatwillensurethatformsor
falseworkarerigidlyfixed.
Formtiesforuseinwaterretainingandwaterexcludingstructuresshallbeapprovedproprietary
[Link]
productsbymanufacturersPCH,Peri,MaxFrankorequivalentapprovedshallbeused.
Formtiesthatafterremovalleaveaholeextendingthroughoutthethicknessofaconcretesection
willnotbepermitted.
Anyembeddedformtiesshallremainembeddedandshallterminatenotlessthantheminimum
coverspecifiedintheContractorthisStandard.
HolesorgapsleftfromformtiesshallberepairedinaccordancewithClause21andthetie
manufacturersinstructions.
Topformtiesshallnotbelocatedwithin150mmofthetopofthepour.

26.4 RemovalofFormwork
Formworkandfalseworkshallberemovedinsuchamannerandsequencethattheconcrete
elementisnotsubjectedtoimpact,excessiveloadoreccentricloadandnodamagetotheconcrete
surfaceoccurs.
Minimumformworkstrippingtimesshallbeinaccordancewiththeminimumformworkstripping
timessetoutinTable5.4.1ofAS3610andguidancegiveninCIAZ7/04.
Formworkandfalseworkshallnotberemoveduntiltheconcretehasachievedsufficientstrengthto
carryitsownweightandanyloadssuperimposedduringthecourseoffurtherconstruction.
TheContractorshalldeterminethetimingandsequenceoftheremovaltakingthestrengthof
concrete,thestructuretypeandimportance,membertypesanddimensions,loadsimposedonall
members,temperature,[Link]
successivewallliftsshallnotbesupportedbypreviouslyplacedconcreteuntilthatconcretehas
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page74of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

[Link](forsuspendedslabsand
beams)[Link]
ContractormaysubmitStructuralEngineercertifiedcalculationsforlowerstrengthformwork
supportorremovalforreviewandapprovalbySAWatersRepresentative.
Incaseswhenthestructureissubjectedtoloadsimmediatelyaftertheremovalofformworkand
falsework,theconcretestrength,thestructuretypeandthecharacteristicandvalueofimposed
loadsshallbecarefullyconsideredinordertoavoidharmfulcracksandotherdamagetothe
structure.
Toreducethelikelihoodofcrackingduetothermalshock,formworkshallnotbestrippedinthe
[Link]
temperatureoverthecuringperiodislessthan5C.AS3600providesguidanceontheincreased
durationinthisperioddependingontheambienttemperature.
NotwithstandingtheminimumstrippingtimesinTable5.4.1ofAS3610,formworkshallonlybe
removedwhereitcanbedemonstratedthatdoingsowillnotinitiateearlyageconcretecracksby
prematureremovalofplywoodformwork,ifplywoodformworkisused.
Curingshallbeimmediatelyappliedtotheexposedconcretesurfaceiftheformworkisremoved
withinthecuringperiod(referClause13.7).

26.5 ProprietaryFormworkandFalseworkSystem
WhereproprietaryformworkproductsareapprovedbySAWaterRepresentative,theContractor
shallinstallsuchformworkinaccordancewiththemanufacturer'sspecificationand
recommendation.

27 InsertandSupport
InsertsandsupportsshallbeinaccordancewithAS3600orAS5100.5asappropriate,asspecifiedin
thisStandardandtothesatisfactionofSAWaterRepresentative.
InsertsandsupportsshallbeaccuratelycastintotheconcretebytheContractor,within4mmof
[Link]
andthesubsequentgroutingofinsertsandsupportswillnotbeallowedunlessapprovedinwriting
bySAWaterRepresentative.
[Link]
strippingofformwork,allconcreteandothermaterialsshallbecleanedfromthesurfacesofinserts
andsupports.

27.1 EmbedmentofInserts
TheContractorshallinstall,fixandcastinallpipes,pipesleeves,bolts,conduits,frames,castings,
steelbeamsandotheritems,whicharerequiredtobewhollyorpartiallyembeddedintheconcrete,
asshownontheDrawings.
Beforecastingofinsertsandopenings,theContractorshallchecktheirpositioning,alignmentand
elevationtoensuretheyareaccuratelyplacedandadequatelysupportedinsuitabletemplates,
[Link]
theContractorattheContractor'sexpensetothesatisfactionofSAWatersRepresentative.
Metalembedmentitemsshallbefixedinplacebytyingwithtiewiremadeofthesamemetaland
samegrade,orbyanchoringtotheformsusingfixingsmadeofthesamemetalandsamegrade.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page75of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

TheContractorshallensureproperplacementandadequatecompactionoftheconcreteare
achievedaroundtheinsertsandopeningsasspecifiedinClause10.2.

27.2 Supports
TheContractorshallcheckthepositioningofsupportsforfloorplates,floorgratings,orotherfixtures
requiringevenanduniformbearing,[Link]
obtainsatisfactoryuniformityofbearingshallberectifiedbytheContractor,asdirectedbythe
DesignerandapprovedbySAWatersRepresentative,attheContractor'sexpense.

28 BarChairsandSpacers
AllbarchairsandspacersshallcomplywithAS/NZS2425andthisStandard,subjecttoapprovalby
[Link]/NZISO9001
approvedproductionfacility.
Barchairsandspacersforconcreteinwaterretainingorwaterexcludingstructuresshallbe:
1.

Concreteofnotlesserdurabilitycharacteristicsthantheconcretetobeplacedaroundthem,
andshallotherwisecomplywiththerequirementsofAS/NZS2425;and

2.

Highdurabilityproprietaryfibrecementmouldingsorextrusions.

Note:Responsibilityforfixingreinforcementwiththecorrectcoverandforensuringthatspacersand
chairsarecorrectlyspacedandhavetherequiredperformancecharacteristicsrestswiththe
Contractor.

29 Reinforcement
29.1 SteelReinforcement
29.1.1

Materials

AllsteelreinforcementmaterialsshallconformtoAS/NZS4671andthisStandard.
Thereinforcementmaterialsupplierincludingbutnotlimitedtomanufacturersandprocessors,shall
becertifiedbytheAustralasianCertificationAuthorityforReinforcingandStructuralSteelsforthe
supplyofthesteelreinforcement.
Ifrequested,theContractorshallsupplytoSAWatersRepresentativecopiesofthemanufacturers
testcertificatesidentifiablewiththereinforcementsuppliedorprovidedocumentaryevidencethat
allproductsmeettherequirementsofAS/NZS4671andthatthesupplierhasasysteminplaceto
preventnonconformingmaterialfrombeingsupplied.

29.1.2

Schedules

TheContractorshallberesponsiblefortheproductionofallreinforcementschedules,shopdrawings
ofallprefabricatedreinforcementcagesthatmaybenecessaryforthefabricationofthe
reinforcement,includingalltiewire,supportbars,spacerbarsandthelike.
Acopyofthereinforcementschedulesandprefabricatedreinforcementcageshopdrawingsshallbe
submittedtoSAWaterRepresentative.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page76of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

29.1.3

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Fixing

Reinforcementshallbeadequatelytiedtogethersuchastoformarigidcage,whichprevents
displacementofbarsormeshesandmaintainsdimensionaltolerancesunderallloadsappliedbefore
andduringtheconcreteplacement.TherequirementssetoutinBS79732shallberegardedasa
[Link]
approvedbySAWatersRepresentativebeforetheconcreteplacementcommences.
Note:ResponsibilityforsecurelyfixingreinforcementrestswiththeContractor.
[Link]
arenotpermitted.
TheminimumclearcovertothetiewireshallbeequaltothatspecifiedinthisStandardorthat
designatedintheContractforthereinforcementbeingtied,lessthediameterofthetiewire.
Projectingendsoftiesshallnotencroachintotheconcretecoverzone.
Theendsofreinforcementformingalappedspliceshallbetiedtogetherinatleasttwoplaces.
TackweldingshallcomplywithClause29.1.6.

29.1.4

Bending

ReinforcementshallbecutandbenttocomplywiththedimensionshownontheDrawings.
[Link]
reinforcementisrequiredbytheDrawingsthediameterofsuchbendsandthemethodofbending
shallberestrictedtotherequirementsofAS3600andAS5100.5,whereappropriate.
DuctilityclassLreinforcementshallnotbeheatedorhotbent.

29.1.5

Splicing

WheresplicesinreinforcementarenotshownontheDrawingsandarerequiredbytheContractor,it
constitutesachangeindesigndetailsandalllocationsofsuchsplicesshallbesubmittedtoSAWater
Representativeforapproval.AllsplicesshallbeinaccordancewiththerequirementsofAS3600and
AS5100.5,whereappropriate.

29.1.6

Welding

Reinforcementshallnotbeweldedunless:
1.

IsrequiredbytheProject;

2.

IsapprovedinwritingbySAWaterRepresentative;or

3.

IsrequiredforcathodicprotectionasperClause29.1.8.3.

Whereweldingisapproved,allweldingshallbeundertakeninaccordancewithAS/NZS1554.3and
[Link]/NZS1554.3shallmeanSAWaterRepresentative.
Forallloadbearingweldsforliftingandtransportofprefabricatedreinforcement,theContractor
shalldesignandsubmittheweldingandhandlingdetails,takingintoaccountstaticanddynamic
loadingsandanystressreversalsthatmayoccurduringlifting,movingandtransport,toSAWater
Representative.
WiththeexceptionoffabricatingreinforcingmeshbyanAustralasianCertificationAuthorityfor
ReinforcingandStructuralSteelscertifiedfabricator,DuctilityclassLreinforcementshallnotbe
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page77of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

weldedunlesstheContractorcandemonstratebywayoftestingthattheweldproceduredoesnot
resultinthelossofductility.

29.1.7

Surfaceconditionofreinforcement

Reinforcementshallbefreefromdamage,kinksandotherunwantedbendsanddeformations.
Thereinforcementshallalsobemaintainedfreefromsurfacecontamination,loosemillscale,loose
rust,mud,oil,greaseandothercoatingsthatwouldreducethebondbetweentheconcreteandthe
reinforcement.
Inaddition,thesurfaceconditionofsteelreinforcementshallcomplywiththefollowing
requirements:
1.

Anysteelreinforcementprojectingfromapreviousconcretingoperationshallbecleanedfree
ofadheringconcreteorslurrypriortoanyfurtherembedment;

2.

Anysteelreinforcementinstalledwithin1kmofthecoastlineshallbethoroughlywashedwith
ahighpressurepotablewaterjetimmediatelypriortopouringconcretetoremoveanysalts
depositedduringstorageandplacement;

3.

Steelreinforcementwhichhasbeenaccidentlysubmergedbytidalorfloodwatersshallbe
cleanedwithahighpressurepotablewaterjetassoonaspossibleafterrecovery,orinany
casepriortopouringconcrete;

4.

Withtheexceptionofcastinplaceconcreteelements,constructionorplacementofsteel
reinforcementintidalwaterorliquid,orsubmergedinstandingliquidshallnotbepermitted.

29.1.8

ProtectionofSteelReinforcement

[Link]

Galvanising

WhererequiredbytheProject,steelreinforcementshallbehotdipgalvanisedtoatleastGrade
HDG600inaccordancewithAS/[Link]
averageweightof600g/m2andaminimumaveragecoatingthicknessof85m.
Thegalvanisingofreinforcementshallbeundertakenafterallcutting,bendingandweldingof
[Link]
accordancewithAS/NZS4680.
Aftergalvanising,thereinforcementshallbepassivatedusinga0.2%sodiumdichromatesolutionby
thegalvaniser.
Theuseofgalvanisedreinforcementinconjunctionwithstainlesssteelreinforcementisprohibited.

[Link]

EpoxyCoating

UnlessotherwisedesignatedintheContractandapprovedbytheSAWaterRepresentative,epoxy
coatedsteelreinforcementshallnotbeused.

[Link]

CathodicProtection

Cathodicprotectionofreinforcedconcretemaybeafuturemaintenancerepairoptioninvery
[Link]
needforcathodicprotectionrepairinstallationduringthedesignlife,plusanylikelyextendedservice
life,andconsequentreinforcementelectricalcontinuitydesignrequirementsforfuturecathodic
[Link]
includingweldingofreinforcement,additionalreinforcementandelectricalcontinuitytesting.
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page78of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

29.2 StainlessSteelReinforcement
29.2.1

Materials

Wheretheuseofstainlesssteelreinforcementisspecified,stainlesssteelreinforcementshallcomply
withtherequirementsofBS6744orASTMA955M.
Thestainlesssteelreinforcementshallbedesignedbytakingintoaccountitsphysicalandmechanical
properties.
Thestainlesssteelreinforcementshallbemanufactured,processed,fabricatedandsuppliedonlyby
anAustralianStainlessSteelDevelopmentAssociationaccreditedsupplier.
TheContractorshallsupplytoSAWatersRepresentativecopiesofthemanufacturer'stest
certificatesidentifiablewiththereinforcementorprovidedocumentaryevidencethatallproducts
meettherequirementsofBS6744andthatthemanufacturerhasasysteminplacetopreventnon
[Link],theContractor
shallarrangetestingofreinforcementfortension,bendingandductilitytoBS6744.

29.2.2

Schedules

RefertoClause29.1.2.

29.2.3

Fixing

Stainlesssteelreinforcementshallbeadequatelytiedtogethersuchastoformarigidcage,which
preventsdisplacementofbarsormeshesandmaintainsdimensionaltolerancesunderallapplied
loadsappliedbeforeandduringtheconcreteplacement.TherequirementssetoutinBS79732shall
[Link]
shallbeinspectedandapprovedbySAWatersRepresentativebeforetheconcreteplacement
commences.
Note:ResponsibilityforsecurelyfixingreinforcementrestswiththeContractor.
Tiewireusedtotiestainlesssteelshallbeofthesamegradewiththereinforcementandshallhavea
[Link].
TheuseofmetalchairsorspacersasperClause28otherthanthosemadestainlesssteelofsame
gradeisprohibited.
TheminimumclearcovertothetiewireshallbeequalledtothatofspecifiedinthisStandardorthat
ofdesignatedintheContractforthestainlesssteelreinforcementbeingtied,lessthediameterofthe
[Link].
Theendsofstainlesssteelreinforcementsformingalappedspliceshallbetiedtogetherinatleast
twoplaces.
TackweldingshallcomplywithClause29.2.6.

29.2.4

Bending

Stainlesssteelreinforcementshallbecutandbenttocomplywiththedimensionshownonthe
DrawingswiththedimensionaltolerancecomplyingwithAS3600andAS5100.5,asappropriate.
[Link]
bendingandformingofstainlesssteelreinforcementisrequiredbytheDrawingsthediameterof
suchbendsandthemethodofbendingshallberestrictedtotherequirementsofBS8666.
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page79of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Hotbendingofstainlesssteelreinforcementshallbeinaccordancewithmethodsrecommendedby
[Link].

29.2.5

Splicing

RefertoClause29.1.5.

29.2.6

Welding

Weldingofstainlesssteelreinforcementshallbeinaccordancewiththerequirementsof
AS/NZS1554.6andClause29.1.6ofthisStandard.
Inaddition,stainlesssteelreinforcementshallbeweldedonlyinaweldingworkshopspecificallyset
[Link]
stainlesssteelandconsumablesusedintheproperperformanceoftheweldingofstainlesssteel.
[Link]
itshallberemovedbypicklingandpassivationinaccordancewithASTMA380totheapprovalofthe
SAWaterRepresentative.

29.2.7

Surfaceconditionofreinforcement

InadditiontotherequirementsinClause29.1.7ofthisStandard,stainlesssteelreinforcementshall
notbecontaminatedbycontactwithothersteel,grease,[Link],weldingorcuttingof
othersteeloranyotherstructuralsteelshallnotoccurafteranystainlesssteelreinforcementhas
beenplaced.
Toolsforfabricating,lifting,fixingorbendingstainlesssteelreinforcementshallnothavebeenused
andshallnotbeusedforothermaterials.

29.3 PrestressingTendons
29.3.1

General

SteeltendonsshallbemultiplewirestressrelievedsteelstrandcomplyingwithAS/NZS4672.1.
WireorstrandorbarwhichhasbeenusedpreviouslyshallnotbeusedintheWorks.
AllprestressingmaterialinstalledintheWorksshallbecleanandfreefromlooserust,greaseand
[Link]
acceptablebutthesurfaceshallnotbepitted
Eachdeliveryofmaterialsshallbeaccompaniedbydocumentationshowingthelotnumbersfrom
whicheachcoilorbaristaken,togetherwithacertificate,fromalaboratorywithappropriateNATA
accreditation,whichindicatesconformancewiththerelevantstandard.
Inaddition,testingofwire,strandandbarshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewiththetesting
requirementsofAS/[Link]
[Link].
ThefollowinginformationshallbeobtainedduringtestingandsubmittedtotheSAWaters
RepresentativepriortouseintheWorks:
1.

Breakingforce;

2.

Yieldstrengthandelongation;

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page80of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

3.

Loadstrainplot;

4.

Crosssectionalareaofstrand,wireorbar;

5.

100hourrelaxationlossat70%and80%ofmaximumbreakingload;

6.

Source(s)ofstrand,wireorbar.

Hightensilesteelwireandstrandshallbesuppliedincoilsconformingtotherequirementsof
AS/[Link]
[Link]
bekinkedorbent.

29.3.2

PrestressingAnchorages

[Link]
[Link]
[Link],
looserustandanyotherdeleteriouscoating.
AnchoragesshallbeinaccordancewithAS/NZS1314.
Grippingefficiencyofthecombinedanchorageshallbemaintainedbyachievingtherequired
manufacturingtolerancesforeachcomponentasspecifiedinthemanufacturersrequirements.
Anchoragesshallbepositionedandmaintainedduringconcretingsothatthecentrelineoftheduct
shallpassaxiallythroughtheanchorageassemblyandshallbenormaltothebearingsurfaces.
Allbearingsurfacesoftheanchoragesshallbecleanpriortoconcretingandtensioning.

29.3.3

PrestressingSheathing

SheathingshallbeHDPEinaccordancewiththeDrawings,soconstructedthatingressofmortar
duringconcretingisprevented.

29.3.4

InspectionofConcreteinPrestressingElements

TheContractorshallgivetheSAWatersRepresentativeaminimumoffive(5)workingdaysnoticeof
[Link]
Representativeineachspecificcase,placingofconcreteshallbeperformedonlyinthepresenceof
[Link]
thepriorapprovaloftheSAWatersRepresentative.

29.4 FibreReinforcedPolymerReinforcement
29.4.1

Materials

Materialsforfibrereinforcedpolymer(FRP)reinforcementshallcomplyinallrespectswiththe
requirementsofACI440.6M.
Thethermosettingresinsystemshallbeavinylesterorepoxyresinbasedsystemwithaglassto
rubbertransitionTgpointorheatdistortiontemperature(HDT)[Link]
valuesmightbespecifieddependingontheoperatingtemperaturerangeofthestructure.

29.4.2

Schedules

RefertoClause29.1.2.
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page81of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

29.4.3

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Fixing

TheContractorshalltieallintersectionsusingplasticcoatedornylonzipties,ornonrustingmaterial
instructedbytheManufacturerandasapprovedbySAWaterRepresentative.
TheContractorshallplaceandfixtheFRPreinforcementinaccordancewiththeManufacturers
instructions.
AllFRPreinforcementshallbesecuredtoandsupportedwithinformworkasrequiredtoprevent
displacementbyconcreteplacementorworkers.
AllFRPreinforcementshallbeaccuratelysupportedusingnoncorrosivechairsandspacersbefore
concreteplacementisstarted.TheuseofplasticchairsandspacersthatconformtoAS2425is
[Link],theContractorshallusechairsandspacersthatincorporateapositivelocking
mechanismtorestrainFRPreinforcementfromfloatingduringconcreteplacement.
TheContractorwillbeallowedtocuttheFRPreinforcementwithahighspeedgrindingcutter,fine
bladesaw,diamondbladeormasonrybladewiththepriorapprovalofSAWaterRepresentative.
ShearingFRPreinforcementwillnotbeallowed.
TheContractorshallplacetheFRPreinforcementwithinthetolerancesasspecifiedinACI117.
TheContractorshallremoveformoilfromFRPbarsusingamethodapprovedbytheManufacturer
beforeplacingconcrete.

29.4.4

HandlingandStorage

TheContractorshallload,haul,store,andhandletheFRPreinforcementsinaccordancewiththe
[Link],hauling,
storageandhandlingofthereinforcementtopreventdamage.
Bundlingbandsshallbepaddedorsuitablebandingshallbeusedtopreventdamagetothe
reinforcement.
Ifthereinforcementsaretobestoredonsiteformorethan3months,thereinforcementsshallbe
coveredwithanopaquematerialtoavoidUVradiationandexposuretochemicalsubstances.
FRPreinforcementsareverylightandflexible;therefore,hoistingbundlesofFRPreinforcements
shallbeperformedwithastrongbackspreaderbarormultiplesupportstoavoidexcessivelybending
[Link].

29.4.5

Bending

FRPreinforcementshallbebenttothepropershapebythemanufacturerduringfabrication,
[Link]
[Link],theContractorshall
notifySAWaterRepresentative.

29.4.6

Splicing

LapslicesshallbeusedwhereverdetailedorspecifiedontheDrawingsandwherecontinuityis
[Link]
permitted.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page82of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

29.4.7

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

Surfaceconditionofreinforcement

Thesurfacefinishofthereinforcementshallbesanded(sandappliedduringmanufacture),sanded
[Link]
Representativeforapprovalpriortouse.
Thesurfaceshallbecleananddry,freeofphysicaldamage,freeofcontaminantsandindicationsof
exposuretoUVlightduringstorage([Link],crazing,etc.).
MaterialthathaschalkedorshowsotherdamageduetoUVexposureshallnotbeused.

30 DissimilarMetalsEmbeddedinConcrete
Contactbetweendifferenttypesorgradesofmetalembedmentsandreinforcementsshallnotbe
[Link]
example,Grades304and316stainlesssteelcanbecoupledtocarbonsteelreinforcementprovided
[Link]
theconcretesurface([Link])thetwometalsshallbeelectricallyisolated.
Wherepotentiallydeleteriouscontactbetweensuchdissimilarmetalsembeddedinconcreteis
unavoidable,thetwodifferentmetalsshallbeelectricallyisolatedtopreventgalvanicorbimetallic
corrosion.
ElectricalisolationmaybeeffectedbyutilisingPVCconduitsleeves,suitablesoftplasticwrappingor
tapesorbyotherapprovedmeans.

31 FibreReinforcedConcrete
31.1 SteelFibreReinforcedConcrete(SFRC)
31.1.1

General

ThisClauseshallapplywheresteelfibresareusedtoimprovetheperformanceandcapacityofa
concreteelement.TheContractorshallcomplywithClauses7and8ofthisStandardand
demonstratethatthedesignmeetstheintendedperformancerequirements.
[Link]
proceduresforsomesteelfibreshavebeenestablishedbythesteelfibremanufacturers/suppliers,
buttodate,noindependentgenericdesignruleshavebeendevelopedforcommonuseofthese
materials([Link]/StandardsorRecommendedPractices).
Steelfibrerequirementsshallinclude:
1.

SteelfibresshallbecolddrawnwireinaccordancewithBSEN148891;

2.

Allfibresshallbecrimpedorotherwisedeformedtoprovideanendanchorage;

3.

Theminimumtensilestrengthofthewireshallbe1,050MPa;

4.

Theminimumlengthofthefibresshallbedeterminedfortheprojectwithparticular
considerationforsprayedapplication(e.g.consider50mmorlessnormallyand35/25or
2.5timeaggregatesizeforsprayedapplication);

5.

Thetypicalminimumaspectratio(length:diameter)shallbe65:1;

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page83of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

6.

Thetypicalminimumdosageshallbe25kg/m;thedosageofsteelfibresshallbedetermined
bytrialmixes(referClause8.3)tomeettheperformancecriteriasetoutinthisStandard;

7.

Fibresshallbestoredindrysealedcontainersuntilrequiredforuseandshallbefreefrom
corrosion,oil,grease,chloridesanddeleteriousmaterialswhichmayreducethebondbetween
thefibresandtheconcrete;

8.

Fibreswhichtendtoformfibreballsduringbatchingandmixingshallnotbeusedandfibre
shakingtables/separatorscanbeimplementedtoavoidballingoffibrespriortobatch
addition;

9.

Visualinspectionofbatchmixesshallbeundertakentoensureballingdoesnotoccur;

10.

ApprovaltoAS/NZS4020productsforuseincontactwithdrinkingwaterplusacceptabletoSA
WatersRepresentativeinaccordancewiththeDepartmentofHealthrequirements;

11.

Useoffibresshallconsidertheimpactoffibrespartiallyexposedontheconcretesurfacethat
cangivecorrosionstaining,thefibre(orpart)becomingdislodgedfromtheconcreteduring
thedesignlifeandtheapplicationofanysurfacecoatingsontheconcretewithfibres
exposed);and

12.

Concretetrialcasting(referClause8.4.2)ofelementsshallbecompletedtoSAWaters
Representativerequirementswhereanyuncertaintyexistsonthelikelyconcreteperformance.

NOTE:ThereisnoAustralianStandardfordesigningsteelfibrereinforcedconcreteatthetimeof
[Link]
toundertakingdesign.TheDraftforPublicCommentAustralianStandardforBridgeDesignPart5:
Concretedated2014(DRAS5100.5)[Link]
intendedthatthisClauseofthisStandardwillberevisedupontheStandardispublishedinitsfinal
state.
[Link]
constructionjointdetailstoSAWatersRepresentativedemonstratingthatthatthecontinuityofthe
loadtransferringandcarryingcapacityoftheconcreteelement.

31.1.2

SupplyandDelivery

Fibresshallbefreefromcorrosion,oil,grease,chloridesanddeleteriousmaterialswhichmayreduce
theefficiencyofmixingorplacementprocess,orwhichmayreducethebondbetweenthefibresand
theconcrete.
Somefibresmayhaveafilmthatprovideslimitedcorrosionprotectionbeforeplacinginconcrete
whileothersmayhavenoprotection(guidancefromCIAZ7/04).Duringstoragefibresareproneto
corrosionandunlikereinforcingbarevenasmallamountofcorrosioncanhaveasignificanteffecton
[Link],particularlywherebagsare
[Link]
toopensufficientbagsoffibresandtocheckthatthebatchoffibrestobeusedarefreefrom
corrosion.
Fibresofthetypeandquantityspecifiedshallbeaddedinacontrolledprocessensuringthattheyare
[Link],theconcrete
shallberemixeduntilthefibreshavebeencompletelydispersedthroughoutthebatch.
Ballingofsteelfibresshallbeavoided.
Thesteelfibrereinforcedconcretemixshallremainworkableuntilitisfullyplaced.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page84of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

InadditiontotheinformationrequiredinClause9.2,fibretypeanddosageshallbeshownonthe
deliverydocket.
Determiningthesteelfibrecontent
Wheresteelfibreshavebeenspecifiedinaconcretemix,testingandreportingofhomogeneityof
thesteelfibresinthefreshconcreteshallbecarriedinaccordancewithBSEN14721MethodB.
1.

Thefirstbatchfor50mofSFRCintheWorksshallbetested,unlessotherwisedirectedbySA
WatersRepresentative;

2.

Onetestismadeupofthreesamples,oneineachthirdofthesameloadasfollows:
a.

atthebeginningoftheload(fromthefirstthirdofthemix),after0.5misunloaded;

b.

inthemiddleoftheload(fromthesecondthirdofthemix);and

c.

attheendoftheload(fromthelastthirdofthemix),withmin0.5mleftintruck;

3.

Allsamplesshallbetakendirectlyoutoftheconcretestreamattheendofthechute(not
outofawheelbarrow,becausethatgivessegregation);

4.

Eachsamplerequiresaminimumconcretevolumeof10litres;

5.

Theresultofatesttakenastheaverageof3samplesshallnotbelessthan90%ofthe
specifiedsteelfibrecontent;

6.

Theresultofasinglesampleshallnotbelessthan85%ofthespecifiedsteelfibrecontent;

7.

SAWatersRepresentativeshalldeterminetestrequirementsafterthefirst50mofSFRCin
theWorkstakingintoaccountthetrialmixtestingandfirstbatchtested.

31.2 SyntheticFibreReinforcedConcrete
ThisClauseshallapplywheresyntheticfibres,commonlytermedmonofilamentfibres,areusedto
[Link],
structuralsyntheticsormacrofibres,andmicrofibres(referCIAZ7/04):
1.

Structuralsyntheticsthatcanbesimilartothatofsteelfibreconcretehowever,allstructural
designmattersshallbeassessed.Typicalfibrelengthcanbe40+[Link]
syntheticfibresarecurrentlyoutsidethescopeofthisStandard;

2.

Microsyntheticfibresareusedtoassistwithplasticcrackcontrolortoassistwithwater
blockageandexplosivespallingintheeventoffires.Typicalfibrelengthcanbe18+[Link]
useofsyntheticfibrestocontrolplasticshrinkagecracking,ortopreventexplosivespallingof
coverconcreteduringseverefires,isapotentialriskmitigationmeasurehowever,thedesign
isoutsidethescopeofthisStandard(theirefficacyintheseapplicationsiswelldocumented,
butisproprietaryinformation).Examplesforconsiderationareuseinwatertankfloorslabsfor
plasticcrackcontrolandwallsofwatertankwallsinbushfirerisklocations.

Syntheticfibrerequirementsshallinclude:
1.

100%virginpolypropylenemonofilamentfibrecontainingnoreprocessedmaterialsand
complywiththerequirementsofBSEN148892;

2.

Thetypicalminimumfibrecontentshallbe1.0kg/m;

3.

Onlythefibretype,coating,diameter,lengthanddosageshallbedeterminedtomeetthe
performancerequirementssetoutthisStandard;

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page85of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

4.

ApprovedtoAS/NZ4020productsforuseincontactwithdrinkingwaterplusacceptabletoSA
WatersRepresentativeinaccordancewiththeDepartmentofHealthrequirements;

5.

Thefibretype,coating,diameter,lengthanddosageshallbedeterminedtomeetspecific
Worksperformancerequirements;and

6.

Useoffibresshallconsidertheimpactoffibrespartiallyexposedontheconcretesurface,the
fibre(orpart)becomingdislodgedfromtheconcreteduringthedesignlifeandtheapplication
ofanysurfacecoatingsontheconcretewithfibresexposed([Link]
application).

TheContractorshallcomplywithClauses7and8ofthisStandardanddemonstratethatthedesign
meetstheintendedperformancerequirements.
NOTE:TheContractorisencouragedtodiscussuseofsyntheticfibresinreinforcedconcretewithSA
WaterRepresentativepriortoundertakingdesignwithsyntheticfibres.
Designproceduresforsomehighperformancesyntheticfibreshavebeenestablishedbythe
monofilamentfibremanufacturers/suppliers,buttodate,noindependentgenericdesignruleshave
beendevelopedforcommonuseofthesematerials([Link]/Standardsor
RecommendedPractices).
TheContractorusingsyntheticfibresshouldfollowthemanufacturer/suppliersdesignguidelines,
andconfirmtheresultsbyspecialstudiesforthespecificWorks.
TheContractorshallberesponsibleforthesyntheticfibrescastintheconcrete,allconcrete
placementsandfinishingprocedurestoachieveconcreteinaccordancewiththisStandard.
Concretetrialsmixes(referClause8.3)andtrialcasting(referClause8.4.2)ofelementsshallbe
completedtoSAWatersRepresentativerequirementswhereanyuncertaintyexistsonthelikely
concreteperformance.

32 ContractorWorksMethodStatementforConcreteincluding
EarlyAgeThermalCrackAssessment
TheContractorshallissueaContractorWorksMethodStatementforConcretetoSAWaters
Representativeatleast20workingdayspriortocommencinganyconcreteworkscoveringall
concretesupply,testing,placementcompactionandcuringmattersinaccordancewiththisStandard
andtheDrawings,includingbutnotlimitedtothebelow:
1.

Premixsuppliername,location,plantsupplycapability,agitatorfleetcapacityincluding
breakdownimpact(referClause9.1);

2.

Concretemixdesignfrompremixsupplier(referClause8.2);

3.

Concretepoursizeandsequence(referClause10.1.6);

4.

Constructabilityapproachforslump,workability,settingtime,reinforcementcongestion,
reinforcementcoverspacers,etc.(referClauses7.1.1and7.1.2);

5.

Concreteplacementmethod(referClauses9,10,11and12,withpourstartandfinishtimes
(selectedtominimisetheriskofconcretecracks),placementmethod([Link]),
compactionmethod,expectedfinishingtime,finishingmethod,[Link]
equipmentandmanpowerplanningtoachieveacceptableconcretequality;

6.

Curingmethod(referClause13.1);

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page86of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

7.

Precastconcreterequirements(referClause16)includingshopdrawings;and

8.

Qualitycontroltestingtobecompletedbefore,duringandafterconcreteplacement(refer
Clause22).

TheContractorshallobtainwrittenapprovalofSAWatersRepresentativeacceptanceofthe
ContractorWorksMethodStatementforConcrete,priortocommencinganyconcreteconstruction
works.
TheConcreteTrialMixReport(referClause8.3)andapprovedmixdesign(referClause8.4)shallbe
issuedtoSAWatersRepresentativeatleast10workingdayspriortocommencinganyconcrete
[Link]
trialmixresultsshallbeissuedinaRevision1withallchangesmarkedSAWatersRepresentative
review,atleast10workingdayspriortocommencinganyconcreteworks.
TheContractorshallcommissionaDurabilityConsultanttoassesstheconcreteearlyagethermal
crackriskassessmentforallconcreteelementsgreaterthan500mminminimumdimension,and
[Link]:
1.

Cementcontentandtype;

2.

Concreteelementthickness,lengthandwidth;

3.

Elementtype(floor,wallroof);

4.

Elementrestraint;

5.

Concreteplacementtemperature;

6.

Concreteadiabatictemperaturepredictedfromthermalblocktestingwhenrelevantdatais
notavailable;

7.

Concretethermalexpansion/contractionstrainfromthermalblockdatawhenrelevantdatais
notavailable;

8.

Concreteshrinkagefromtrialmixdata;

9.

Reinforcementratios,diameterandspacing;

10.

Timeofwatercontactafterconcreteconstructionforliquidretainingorexcludingstructures;

11.

Environmentalconditionsattimeofconstruction;

12.

Formworktypeandstrippingtime;

13.

Temperatureofadjacentconcrete;and

14.

Allothermattersinfluencingconcretetemperatureandrestraint.

TheDurabilityConsultantshallproduceastatementofoutcomesfromtheassessmentand
recommendationsonitemstobeaddressed,ifany,thattheContractorshallsubmittoSAWaters
Representative.
TheContractorshallmakeanynecessarychangestomaterialsormethodologytocomplywiththe
assessmentandobtainwrittenapprovalfromSAWatersRepresentativepriortoproceedingwith
concreteworks.
TheaboverequirementsarenotapplicablewheretheContractorhascompletedadesignstage
concreteearlyagethermalcrackriskassessmentwithaDurabilityConsultantandthePrincipal,and
Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page87of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded

TS0710Concrete

SAWaterTechnicalStandard

[Link]
earlyagethermalcrackriskassessmenttoSAWatersRepresentativeandapplyfortherequirement
tobewaived.

Revision1.021November2016
ForOfficialUseOnly

DocumentID:SAWSENG0710

Page88of88
Uncontrolledwhenprintedordownloaded