Module7:
MOS Feedback
ampliers and Oscillators
Raja Sellappan
Feedback
In a feedback system, a signal that is propor?onal to the
output is fed back to the input and combined with the input
signal to produce a desired system response.
Feedback can be either nega?ve or posi?ve.
In nega+ve feedback, a por?on of the output signal is
subtracted from the input signal. It tends to maintain a
constant value of amplier voltage gain against varia?ons in
transistor parameters, supply voltages, and temperature.
In posi+ve feedback, a por?on of the output signal is added
to the input signal. Used in the design of oscillators.
Nega?ve Feedback
Error signal
For the feedback to be nega?ve, the loop gain
A must be posi?ve; that is, the feedback signal
x should have the same sign as x
f
s
Nega?ve Feedback
For posi?ve A, the gain with feedback A will be smaller than the open-loop gain
f
A by a factor equal to 1 + A, which is called the amount of feedback.
If the loop gain A is large, A >> 1
The gain of the feedback amplier is almost en?rely determined by the
feedback network.
Since the feedback network usually consists of passive components,
nega?ve feedback produces accurate, predictable, and stable gain.
The overall gain (Af) will have very liPle dependence on the gain of the
basic amplier, A.
Nega?ve Feedback
Advantages
Gain sensi?vity
Bandwidth extension.
Noise sensi?vity.
Reduc?on of nonlinear distor?on.
Control of impedance levels.
Disadvantages
Circuit gain reduc?on
Stability
Bandwidth Extension
Types of ampliers
What is Sampling at the output?
Sampling: Like a voltmeter and ammeter
What is mixing at the input?
Mixing: Like a voltage and current source
Voltage and current source
Not Possible
Not Possible
Voltage amplier
Series-Shunt
Voltage Series feedback
Current Amplier
Shunt-Series
Current Shunt Feedback
Transconductance amplier
Series-Series
Current Series feedback
Transresistance amplier
Shunt-Shunt
Voltage shunt feedback
Types of Ampliers
Input and output resistance
Calcula?on
Series-Shunt Feedback amplier
Sampling
Mixing
Series-Shunt Feedback amplier
Sampling
Mixing
Series-Shunt Feedback amplier
Input resistance (Rif)
Series-Shunt Feedback amplier
Output resistance (Rof)
Input/Output Impedance
The shunt connec?on at input or output
always results in reducing the corresponding
resistance (input or output).
The series connec?on at input or output
always results in increasing the corresponding
resistance (input or output).
Oscillators
A circuit which will produce a con?nuing, repeated waveform
without input other than perhaps a trigger
The circuits that generate sine waves u?lizing resonance
phenomena, are known as linear oscillators.
Circuits that generate square, triangular, pulse (etc.)
waveforms, called nonlinear oscillators or func?on
generators.
A sinusoidal oscillator consists of an amplier and a
frequency- selec?ve network connected in a posi+vefeedback loop.
Posi?ve feedback
Loop gain
A posi?ve feedback amplier is one that produces a feedback voltage (xf )
that is in phase with the original input signal (xs).
Barkhausen Criterion
i.
ii.
At 0 the phase of the loop gain should be zero
and the magnitude of the loop gain should be unity.
= Innite
Barkhausen Criterion
Types of Oscillator
LC oscillator (ColpiPs, Hartley)
RC oscillator
RC Phase shib oscillator
0 =
1
RC 6
ColpiPs Oscillator
ColpiPs Oscillator
Hartley Oscillator
Hartley Oscillator
Fig. shows a feedback circuit of the shunt-series type. Find Iout/IIn, Rin,
and Rout. Assume the transistors to have B= 100 and VA =75 V