Binomial Theorem

Binomial Theorem
1.

DEFINITION OF BINOMIAL EXPRESSION AND BINOMIAL EXPANSION :

An expression containing two terms, is called a binomial expression. For example
a + b/x, x + 1/y, a y2 etc. are binomial expressions. Expansion of (x + a)n is called Binomial
Expansion.
Expression containing three terms are called trinomials. For example x + y + z is a trinomial expression.
In general an expression containing more than two terms is called a multinomial.

1.1

Definition of binomial theorem :

If n is a positive integer and x, y are two complex numbers, then
n

x y n n Cr x n r y r
r 0

Some Important Facts Regarding Binomial Expansion :

There are (n + 1) terms in the expansion.

(ii)

The sum of the exponents of x and y in any term of the expansion is equal to n.

(iii)

The binomial coefficients of terms equidistant from the beginning and the end are equal,
since nCr = nCn r .

(iv)

The term nCr xn r yr is the (r + 1)th term from the beginning of the expansion. It is usually
denoted by Tr + 1 and is called the general term of the expansion.

(v)

The rth term from the end is equal to the (n r + 2)th term from the beginning, i.e.,
n
Cn r + 1 xr 1 yn r + 1 .

(vi)

ud

yS

te

ps

(i)

St

1.2

.in

= nC0xn + nC1xn 1 y + nC2xn 2 y2 + . . . + nCn yn

. . . (i)
n
n
n
The coefficients C0, C1, . . . , Cn are called binomial coefficients, while (i) is called the binomial
expansion.

n
If n is even, then the expansion has only one middle term, the 1 th term i.e.,
2
n

Cn / 2 x n / 2 y n / 2 .

n 1
If n is odd, then the expansion has two middle terms, the
th term and the
2
n 1 / 2 y n 1 / 2
n 1 / 2 y n 1 / 2
n
n
term i.e., C n 1 / 2 x
and C n 1 / 2 x
.

Illustration 1 :

10

Find the coefficient of x in the expansion of x 2 .

2x

Solution:
We have

Page 1 of 14

1
Tr + 1 = 10Cr(x)10 r 2
=
2x
To find the coefficient of x8, we have
10 3r = 8

10

Cr ( 1)r 2 r x10 3r

[Link]

n 3 th

Binomial Theorem

i.e.,
r = 6.
Thus, the 7th term has x 8 and its coefficient is
10

C6 1 26
6

Illustration 2:

105
.
32
9

1
Find the 3rd term from the end in the expansion of x 3 .
x

Solution:
The 3rd term from the end is equal to (9 3 + 2)th term, i.e., the 8th term from the beginning. Hence,
the required term is
7

3 97

T8 = C7 (x )

9.8 1 36
1
.


2 x
x
x

Illustration 3:
9

Find the middle term in the expansion of ax b .

x

Solution:
9 3 th
th

= 6 term.
2

and

94

ud

95

T6 = C5 (ax)

[Link]
b
a 4 b5 x 1 126a 4 b5 x 1

x
[Link]

St

and

[Link] 5 4
b
a b x 126a 5b 4 x

[Link]
x

yS

T5 = C4 (ax)

te

ps

9 1 th
th
viz
= 5 term
2
Hence, the middle terms are

.in

The expansion has two middle terms,

drill exercise - 1

1.

If p and q be positive, then prove that the coefficients of xp and xq in the expansion of (1 + x)p+ q will
be equal.

2.

(a)

Find the term independent of y in the expansion of (y1/6 - y1/3)9 .

(b)

Find the coefficient of x5 in the expansion of the product (1 + 2x)6 (1 x)7 .

233

87

3.

Find the number of integral terms in the expansion of

4.

If coefficient of (2r + 3)th and (r - 1)th terms in the expansion of (1 + x)15 are equal, then find the
value of r.
12

5.

Page 2 of 14

(a)

Find the middle term in the expansion of bx .

x

[Link]

Binomial Theorem
9

(b)
2.

x3

.
3
x

Find the middle term in the expansion of

SOME STANDARD EXPANSIONS :

n

(i) Consider the expansion x y n Cr x n r y r

n

. . . (i)

r 0

If we replace y by y in equation (i), we have

n

x y n Cr 1 x n r yr
n

. . . (ii)

r 0

=
(ii)

C0 x n n C1x n 1y n C2 x n 2 y 2 n Cn 1 y n
n

. . . (ii)

Adding equations (i) and (ii), we have

1
x y n x y n

2
and substracting equations (ii) from (i) we have,
C0 x n n C 2 x n 2 y 2 n C 4 x n 4 y 4

C1x n 1y n C3 x n 3 y 3 n C5 x n 5 y 5

. . . (iii)

.in

ps

te

. . . (iv)

Putting x = 1 and y = 1 in equation (i), we have

n

yS

(iii)

1
n
n
x

C0 n C1 n C2 n Cn 1 n Cn 2n

. . . (v)

Putting x = 1 and y = 1 in equation (iii) and (iv), we have

n

(v)

2.1

Page 3 of 14

C0 n C2 n C4 2n 1 n C1 n C3 n C5

St

(iv)

ud

Thus, we see that the sum of the binomial coefficients of (x + y)n is 2n.

Putting x = 1 and replacing y by x in equation (i), we have

(1 + x)n = nC0 + nC1x + nC2x2 + . . . + nCnxn
Replacing x by x in equation (vii), we have
(1 x)n = nC0 nC1 x + nC2x2 . . . + nCn ( 1)n xn

. . . (vi)

. . . (vii)
. . . (viii)

Important Formulae :
If C0 , C1, C2 , C3 ,........... represent n C0 , n C1, n C2 , n C3 ........... in the expansion of (1 + x) n . Then
(i)

C0 C1 C2 C3 ........... Cn 2 n

(ii)

C0 C1 C2 C3 .............( 1) n Cn 0

[Link]

Binomial Theorem

(iii)

C0 C2 C4 ............. C1 C3 C5 ........... 2 n 1

drill exercise - 2
1.
2.

(a)

Find the value of

e2 1j e2 1j
6

(b)

Find the sum of the series 20 Cr .

r 0

Find the value of 14 C1 14 C3 14 C5 14 C11 .

n 1

3.

10

(a)

Find the sum of the series

r 0

Cr
.
n
Cr n Cr 1

(b)

Find the value of

r Cm , n m .

r m

4.

1 3r

7 r 15r
r n
(

1
)
C

4 r . . . to
r r
Find the sum of the series
2r
3r
2
2
r 0
2 2

5.

If the 4th term in the expansion of ax is 5/2, then find the values of a and n.
x

2.2

Questions related with integral and fractional part

te

ps

.in

yS

Illustration 4 :

St

ud

If (7 + 4 3 )n = I + F, where I is a positive integer and F is a proper fraction, then show that

(I + F) (1 F) = 1.
Solution :
Let G = (7 4 3 )n.
Clearly, if we add G and I + F, we get an integer i.e.,
I + F + G = (7 + 4 3 )n + (7 4 3 )n
= 2[nC07n + nC27n2 (4 3 )2 + . . . ] = an even integer..
F+G=1
G = 1 F
Hence, (I + F) (1 F) = (I + F) G = (7 + 4 3 )n (7 4 3 )n = 1.
drill exercise 3
1.

Find the greatest integer less than or equal to ( 2 + 1)6.

2.

If n is a natural number, show that the integral part of (5 + 2 6 )n is odd natural number..

3.

Show that the integer just greater than ( 3 + 1)2m contains 2m+1 as a factor..

4.

If (6 6 + 14)2n + 1 = R and F = R [R], where [R] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to
R, prove that RG = 20 2n+1.

Page 4 of 14

[Link]

Binomial Theorem

5.

If (5 + 6 )n = I + f, where I and n are positive integers and f is a positive fraction less than one, show
that (I + f) (1 f) = 1.

3.

GREATEST BINOMIAL COEFFICIENT :

The greatest coefficient depends upon the value of n.
n
no. of greatest coefficient (s)
Even
1

Greatest coefficient
n
C n/2
n

Odd

C n 1
2

and

C n 1
2

(Values of both these coefficients are equal)

Clearly greatest binomial coefficient corresponds to the coefficient of middle term.
NUMERICALLY GREATEST TERM OF BINOMIAL EXPANSION :
(a + x)n = C0 an + C1an 1 x + . . . Cn 1 a xn 1 + Cnxn
Tr 1

Tr

Cr

Cr 1

x
n r 1 x

a
r
a

ps

n r 1 x
1 , for given a, x and n, then r n 1
r
a
a
1
x

te

If

.in

4.

ud

yS

n 1

So numerically greatest term will be Tr + 1, where r =

1 a

Note : If

St

[ ] denotes the greatest integer function.

n 1
itself is a natural number, then Tr = Tr + 1 and both the terms are numerically greatest term.
a
1
x

Illustration 5 .
10

3x

Given that the 4th term in the expansion of 2

8

range of values of x for which this will be true.

has the maximum numerical value, find the

Solution:
According to the question, |t4| |t3|, |t4| |t5|.

Page 5 of 14

Now tr

10

+1

10 r

= Cr. 2

3x

8

3x
3x
3x
t4 = C3. 2 . , t3 = 10C2. 28. and t5 = 10C4. 26.
8
8
8
10

[Link]

Binomial Theorem

Now, |t4| |t3|

3

3
C3. 2 . . | x |3 10C2. 28.

8
and |t4| |t5|
10

3
. | x |2
8

. . . (i)

3
3
C3. 2 . . |x|3 10C4. 26. . | x |4
8
8

10

. . . (ii)

from (i)
10.9.8 3
10.9
. . | x |3
.2 | x |2
6 8
2
3
or
45| x | 90 | x |2
or
| x |3 2|x|2 0
or
| x | 2 ,as x can not be zero.

or

21

| x |3 1 | x | 0
64

64
|x|
21

21
| x | 0
64

yS

| x |3

ps

7 3
. | x |4
8 8

or

.in

10.9.8
[Link] 3
.2 | x |3
. . | x |4
6
24
8

te

from (ii)

ud

64
1
64
64
3 . So x , 2 2,
21
21
21
21

St

Thus, we get | x | 2 and | x |

drill exercise 4

1.

Prove that the greatest coefficient in the expansion of (1 + x)2n is double the greatest coefficient in the
expansion (1 + x)2n 1.

2.

Find numerically the greatest term in the expansion of (3 5x)15 when x = 1/5.

3.

Find the greatest term in the expansion of (1 + x)10 when x = 2/3.

n

4.

Page 6 of 14

1
3 x
If the expansion of when x = , it is known that 6th term is the greatest term, then find the
2
2 3
possible positive integral values of n.

[Link]

Binomial Theorem

5.

Show that if the greatest term in the expansion of (1 + x)2n has also the greatest coefficient, then x lies
between

5.
5

n
n 1
and
.
n 1
n

SERIES OF BINOMIAL COEFFICIENT :

Sum of the series by the use of differentiation :
Generally we use the method of differentiation when the coefficient of binomial expansion Ck is a
polynomial in k

Important Formulae :

(i)

C1 2C 2 3C 3 ............. nC n n.2 n 1

(ii)

C1 2C2 3C3 .............( 1) n 1 n. Cn 0

ps

Illustration 6:
Find the sum of the series
C0 3C1 + 5C2 + . . . + ( 1)n (2n + 1)Cn.

.in

If C0 , C1, C2 , C3 ,........... represent n C0 , n C1, n C2 , n C3 ........... in the expansion of (1 + x)n . Then

te

Solution :
We have
(1 x)n = C0 C1x + C2x2 . . . + Cn ( 1)nxn
Replacing x by x2 in equation (i), we have
(1 x2)n = C0 C1x2 + C2x4 . . . + Cn ( 1)n x2n
Multiplying throughout by x, we have
x(1 x2)n = C0 x C1 x3 + C2x5 . . . + Cn ( 1)n x2n + 1
Differentiating equation (iii) w.r.t. x, we have

yS

. . . (i)

St

ud

. . . (ii)

(1 x2)n 2nx2 (1 x2)n 1 = C0 3C1x2 + 5C2x4 . . . + 1

. . . (iii)

2n 1 Cn x 2n

Putting x = 1 in equation (iv), we have

C0 3C1 + 5C2 . . . + ( 1)n (2n + 1) Cn = 0.
Illustration 7:
Find the sum of the series
12. C1 + 22. C2 + 32. C3 + . . . + n2. Cn
Solution :
We have
(1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + . . . + Cnxn
Differentiating equation (i) w.r.t. x, we have
n(1 + x)n 1 = C1 + 2C2x + 3C3x2 + . . . + nCnxn 1
Multiplying equation (ii) throughout by x, we have
nx(1 + x)n 1 = C1x + 2C2x2 + 3C3x3 + . . . + nCnxn
Differentiating equation (iii) w.r.t. x, we have

Page 7 of 14

[Link]

. . . (i)
. . . (ii)
. . . (iii)

. . . (iv)

Binomial Theorem

5.2

n(1 + x)n 1 + n (n 1)(1 + x)n 2

= C1 + 22. C2x + 32. C3x2 + . . . + n2. Cn xn 1
Putting x = 1 in equation (iii), we have
12. C1 + 22. C2 + 32. C3 + . . . + n2. Cn
= n. 2n 1 + n(n 1). 2n 2 = (n2 + n) 2n 2
= n (n + 1)2n 2.
Sum of the series by the use of integration :

. . . (iv)

Generally we use integration for the series having terms of the form r m

rm

Ck
or of the form
m 1

Ck
.
m 1 m 2 . . . m j

Illustration 8:
Find the sum of the series
C1
C
C
a 3 2 . . . a n 1 n
2
3
n 1

dx C0 C1x C2 x 2 . . . Cn x n dx

. . . (ii)

te

1 x

. . . (i)

yS

ps

Solution :
We have (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + . . . + Cnxn
Integrating equation (i) w.r.t. x, we have

.in

aC0 + a2

ud

n 1
1 x n 1
1 a 1

Now, L.H.S. = n 1 n 1

0
a

St

C
C
x2
x3
C

C
. . . aC0 a 2 1 a 3 2 . . .
and R.H.S = 0
1
2
2
3
2
3

0
Hence, we have

n 1

1 a 1
C1 3 C2
a
. . .
aC0 + a2
2
3
n 1
Illustration 9:
C C
C
n 1 C n
Find the sum of the series C1 2 3 4 . . . 1
.
2
3
4
n
Solution :
We have (1 x)n = C0 C1x + C2x2 . . . + Cn ( 1)n xn

Page 8 of 14

i.e.
i.e.

1 1 x C1x C2 x 2 C3x 3 . . . Cn 1
n

1 1 x

C1 C 2 x C3 x 2 . . . C n 1

n 1 n

n 1

x
Integrating equation (i) w.r.t. x from 0 to 1, we have

[Link]

x n 1

. . . (i)

Binomial Theorem
1

1 1 x

dx C1 C 2 x C3 x 2 . . . dx

1 x
Now, L.H.S. = 1 x dx =
0
1 1
1
= 1 + . . .
2 3
n
n

1 x x

. . . x

n1

x 2 x3
xn
dx x . . .
2 3
n

C
C
x2
x3
C
C3
. . . C1 2 3 . . . + ( 1) n 1 n
and R.H.S.= C1x C2
2
3
2
3
n 1

0
Hence, we have
C1

C 2 C3
1 1
1
n 1 C n

. . . 1
1 . . . .
2
3
n
2 3
n

drill exercise 5
If C0, C1, C2, . . . Cn denote the coefficient in the binomial expansion of (1 + x)n, then prove that :
C0 C1 + C2 C3 + . . . + (1)n Cn = 0

2.

If C0, C1, C2, . . . Cn denote the coefficient in the binomial expansion of (1 + x)n, then prove that :
C0 + 3C1 + 5C2 + . . . (2n + 1) Cn = (n + 1).2n

3.

If C0, C1, C2, . . . Cn denote the coefficient in the binomial expansion of (1 + x)n, then prove that :
(1.2) C2 + (2.3) C3 + . . . + ((n 1).n) Cn = n (n 1)2n2

yS

te

ps

.in

1.

4.

C3
C5
C1
2n 1
If Cr = Cr then prove that
+
+
+...=
.
2
4
6
n 1

5.

If C0, C1, C2, . . . Cn denote the coefficient in the binomial expansion of (1 + x)n, then prove that :

St

ud

33
32
34
3n 1
4 n 1 1
3C0 +
C +
C +
C +...+
C =
.
3 2
2 1
4 3
n 1 n
n 1
n

6.

If (1 + x) =

n C r x n , then prove that

r 0

Cn
3n 2 2 n 5
C0 2 C1 3 C 2 4
.2 +
.2 +
.2 + . . . +
2n+2 =
(n 1)(n 2)
(n 1)(n 2)
1.2
2 .3
3 .4
5.3

Page 9 of 14

Binomial Theorem For Any Rational Index :

(1 + x)n = 1 nx

n( n 1) 2 n( n 1)( n 2) 3
x
x where n R , -1 < x < 1.
2!
3!

Deduction :
(1 - x)-1 = 1 + x + x2 + x3 +.....................+ xr ................ x 1

b g

(1 - x)-2 = 1 + 2x + 3x2 +.........................+ r 1 x r ............ x 1

[Link]

Binomial Theorem

(r + 1)(r + 2)x r
.............. x 1
(1 - x) = 1 + 3x + 6x + 10 x +.................+
2
-3

5.4

Multinomial Expansion ( n N ) :

General terms in expansion of x 1 x2 x3 ......... x k

is

n!
a
a
a
ak
.x1 1 .x2 2 .x3 3 ........xk where
a1! a2! a3!.........a k !
a1 a2 a3 .......... a k n, 0 ai n, i 1, 2, 3,....... k and the number of terms in the expansion are
n k 1

C k 1 .

Number of terms in (x + y)n = n 1 C1

Number of terms in ( x y z) n n 2 C2
Number of terms in ( x y z ) n 3 C3
Sum of the series by comparing the coefficients of some power of x in an expansion :
In this method we use the fact that coefficient of same power of x in an appropriate identity is the given
series.

.in

5.5

Important Formulae :

ps

If C0 , C1, C2 , C3 ,........... represent n C0 , n C1, n C2 , n C3 ........... in the expansion of (1 + x)n . Then

C0 2 C12 C2 2 .............Cn 2 2n Cn

(ii)

C 0C r C1C r 1 C 2 C r 2 ............. C n r C n 2 n C n r or

2n

C n r

yS

te

(i)

ud

Illustration 10:
Find the sum of the series
m
Cr + mCr 1nC1 + mCr 2 nC2 + . . . + nCr
where r < m, n and m, n, r N.

St

Solution :
We have
(1 + x)n = nC0 + nC1 x + nC2x2 + . . . + nCrxr + . . . + nCn xn
and
(1 + x)m = mC0 + mC1x + . . . + mCr 2 xr 2 + mCr 1 x r 1
+ mCr xr + . . . + mCmxm
Hence, the given series
= coefficient of xr in (1 + x)n (1 + x)m
= coefficient of xr in (1 + x)m + n =
Illustration 11:

m n

. . . (ii)
. . . (ii)

Cr .

Find the sum of the series C12 2.C22 3.C32 . . . n.C2n

Solution :
We have (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + . . . + n. Cnxn

Page 10 of 14

. . . (i)

1
1
1
1
and
1 C0 C1 C 2 2 . . . C n n
x
x
x
x
Differentiating equation (i) w.r.t. x, we have

[Link]

. . . (ii)

Binomial Theorem

n(1 + x)n 1 = C1 + 2C2x + 3C3x2 + . . . + nCn xn 1

. . . (iii)

1
Hence, the given series = coefficient of x in 1 . n (1 + x)n 1
x
= n coefficient of xn 1 in (1 + x)2n 1
1

= n.2n 1 C n 1 .
5.6
Sum of the series by equating the real and imaginary parts :
Illustration 12:
n
Prove that C1 C3 + C5 . . . = 2n/2 sin
4
Solution :
Consider the expansion
(1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + . . . + Cnxn
Putting x = i in equation (i) we have
(1 i)n = C0 C1i C2+ C3i + C4 + . . . ( 1)n Cn in
n

.in

. . . (ii)

yS

te

ps

or (2)n/2 cos 4 i sin 4 = (C0 C2 + C4 . . . ) i. (C1 C3 + C5 . . . )

equating the imaginary part in (i), we get
n
C1 C3 + C5 . . . = 2n/2 sin
4
Illustration 13:
If (3 + 4x)n = p0 + p1x + p2x2 + p3x3 + . . . + pnxn, then prove that
(p0 p2 + p4 . . . )2 + (p1 p3 + p5 . . .)2 = 25n

. . . (i)

St

ud

Solution :
Consider the expansion (3 + 4x)n = p0 + p1x + p2x2 + p3x3 + . . . + pnxn
Putting x = i in the above expansion we get,
(3 + 4i)n = (p0 p2+ p4 . . .) + i (p1 p3 + p5 . . .)
Equating the square of the modulus, we get,
(p0 p2 + p4 . . . )2 + (p1 p3 + p5 . . .)2 = 25n
drill exercise 6
1.

If C0, C1, C2, C3, . . ., Cn1, Cn denote the binomial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)n, then
prove that :
(2n )!
1.3.5. . . (2n 1)
C0C1 + C1C2 + C2C3 + . . . + Cn1 .Cn =
=
.n.2n
(n 1)!(n 1)!
(n 1)!

2.

If C0, C1, C2, C3, . . ., Cn1, Cn denote the binomial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)n, then
prove that :
(2n )!
C0Cr + C1Cr+1 + C2Cr+2 + . . . + Cnr Cn =
(n r )!(n r )!

3.

If C0, C1, C2, C3, . . ., Cn1, Cn denote the binomial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)n, then find

Page 11 of 14

the value of C12 +

1 2 2 1 2 3 2
1 2 3 . . . n 2
C2 +
C3 + . . . +
Cn .
2
3
n

[Link]

Binomial Theorem

4.

5.

5.7

Prove that :
n1
Cn1.nC1 +

n1

Cn2.nC2 +

Prove that :
n1
C0.nC2 + n1C1.nC3 +

n1

Cn3.nC3 + . . . +

n1

C2.nC4 + . . . +

n1

[Link] =

n1

[Link] =

2n1

Cn1

2n1

Cn2

Approximations :
n (n 1) 2 n (n 1)(n 2) 3
x
x .....
1 .2
1 .2 .3
If x < 1, the terms of the above expansion go on decreasing and if x be very small, a stage may be
reached when we may neglect the terms containing higher powers of x in the expansion. Thus, if
x be so small that its squares and higher powers may be neglected then (1 + x) n = 1 + nx,
approximately . This is an approximate value of (1 + x)n .

(1 + x)n = 1 nx

Exponential Series :
3

n
x x
x

......... ;where x may be any real or complex and e = Lim1 1

n
1! 2! 3!
n

(ii)

ax = 1

x
x2
x3
na n 2 a n 3a .......
1!
2!
3!

ps

yS

te

1 1 1
e = 1 .......
1! 2! 3!
e is an irrational number lying between 2.7 and 2.8. Its value correct upto 10 place of
decimal is 2.7182818284.

(c)

e + e-1 = 21

(d)

e - e-1 = 21

(e)

where a > 0

1 1 1

........
2! 4! 6!

ud

(b)

.in

ex = 1

Note : (a)

5.9

(i)

1 1 1

........
3! 5! 7!

St

5.8

Logarithms to the base e are known as the Napierian system, so named after Napier,
their inventor. They are also called Natural Logarithm.

Logarithmic Series :

x2 x3 x4

........ where 1 x 1
2
3
4

(i)

n (1 x ) x

(ii)

n (1 x ) x

(iii)

x2 x3 x4
.......... where 1 x 1
2
3
4

3
5

(1 x )
x
x
2 x ....... | x | 1
(1 x )
3
5

Remember :

Page 12 of 14

[Link]

Binomial Theorem

1 1 1
.......... n 2
2 3 4

(a)

(b)
(c)
(d)

e n x x
n 2 0.693
n10 2.303
drill exercise - 7

a bx (a bx ) 2 (a bx ) 3

.......
1!
2!
3!

1.

Find the coefficient of xn in the series 1

2.

If x is so small that is square and higher powers may be neglected, then prove that :

A0 =1

1
(b) An An1 = n !

te

(a)

ps

ex
If
= A0 + A1x + A2x2 + . . . + Anxn + . . . , then prove that
1 x

yS

3.

.in

(1 3x )1/ 2 (1 x ) 5 / 3
41
1 x .
1/ 2
(4 x )
24

Prove that :

1
1
1
1
1
+
log 2
3 +
5 +
7 +...=
5. 3
7. 3
3 3. 3
2

5.

Prove that :

1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 + . + . 2 + . 3 + . . . = log 12
2 3 4 4 5 4
6 7 4

Page 13 of 14

St

ud

4.

[Link]

Binomial Theorem

Answer

Key

drill exercise - 1

2.

(a) 84

5.

(a)

924a6b6

(b)

171

3.

15

(b)

T5 =

189 17
21
x , T6 = x19
8
16

4.

drill exercise - 2
1.

(a)

140 2

(b)

219

3.

(a)

n
2

(b)

n+1

5.

1/2, 6

1
2

20

C10

213 - 14

4.

1
2 1
n

ps

.in

Cm + 1

2.

197

yS

1.

te

drill exercise - 3

ud

drill exercise - 4

12

T4 = 455 3

and

4.

n = 49, 50, 51, . . . 59

T5 = 455 3

3.

St

2.

12

drill exercise - 6

3.

1 n 2 n
1 2 C n 1
2

drill exercise - 7

1.

Page 14 of 14

e a .b n
n!

[Link]

2
210
3